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Lecture 04

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13 views

Lecture 04

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dummymain99
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Dr. Md.

Sabbir Mostafa Khan


mostafakhan@wre.buet.ac.bd
Lecture Note – 4

Computation of average rainfall

1. Arithmetic mean method

n
P   Pi / n
i 1

Where,
P = Average precipitation depth (mm)
Pi = Precipitation depth at gage i (within the
topographic basin) (mm)
n = Total number of gages within the topographic basin

Arithmetic mean method is satisfactory,

→ if the gages are uniformly distributed over the area,

and

→ if the individual gage measurements do not vary


greatly about the mean

1
Dr. Md. Sabbir Mostafa Khan
mostafakhan@wre.buet.ac.bd

2. Thiessen polygon method

→ If some gages are more representative, relative


weights may be assigned to the gages in computing the
average.

→ The Thiessen polygon method assumes that at any


point in the watershed, the rainfall is the same as that of
the nearest gage. So the depth recorded at a given gage
is applied out to a distance halfway to the next station in
any direction.

→ The relative weights for the each gage is determined


from the corresponding areas of application in a
Thiessen polygon network. The boundaries of the
polygons are formed by the perpendicular bisectors of
the lines joining adjacent gages.

→ If there are n gages; the are of the watershed is A,


the area within the watershed assigned to each gage is
Ai, and Pi is the rainfall recorded at gage i; the average
precipitation for the watershed is,

1 n n


A i 1
Ai Pi
where,
A   Ai
i 1

2
Dr. Md. Sabbir Mostafa Khan
mostafakhan@wre.buet.ac.bd
→ Thiessen polygon method is more accurate than
arithmetic mean method (advantage).

→ It is inflexible, because a new Thiessen polygon


network must be constructed each time if there is a
change in the gage network.

3. Isohyetal method

→ Isohyets (i.e. the lines of equal rainfall) are


constructed using observed depths at rain gages.

1 n n


A i 1
Ai Pi
where,
A   Ai
i 1
Where,
Ai = Area between each pair of isohyets with watershed
Pi = Isohyetal cell average precipitation
n = Number of isohyetal cells
A = Area of the watershed

→ Isohyetal method is more flexible than Thiessen


polygon method (advantage).

→ A fairly dense network of gages is needed to


correctly construct the isohyetal map.

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