2 - Add - Subtract - 2B

math
M ental math strategies for

adding and subtracting
two-digit numbers
1
�oubling and
halving e
egrouping
Copyright 2006 - 2021 Taina Maria Miller.
EDITION 2/2021
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2
Contents
Introduction ........................................................................... 5
Adding Within the Same Ten .............................................. 7

Subtracting Within the Same Ten ...................................... 10
Add and Subtract Two-Digit Numbers .............................. 13
Subtract from Whole Tens .................................................. 17
Doubling ............................................................................... 19
One-Half .............................................................................. 22
Pictographs .......................................................................... 24
Adding with Whole Tens .................................................... 26

Subtracting Whole Tens ..................................................... 29
Completing the Next Ten .................................................... 31
Going Over Ten ................................................................... 34
Add with Two-Digit Numbers Ending in 9 ....................... 38
Add a Two-Digit Number and
a Single-Digit Number Mentally ....................................... 40
Regrouping with Tens ........................................................ 42
Add in Columns Practice ................................................... 45
Mental Addition of Two-Digit Numbers .......................... 48
Adding Three or Four Numbers Mentally ...................... 51
Adding Three or Four Numbers in Columns .................. 53
Regrouping in Subtraction, Part 1 ................................... 57

Word Problems .................................................................. 67

Mental Subtraction, Part 1 ............................................... 70
Mental Subtraction, Part 2 ............................................... 72
Review ................................................................................ 75
Answers .............................................................................. 77
More from Math Mammoth ............................................. 95
3 Add and Subtract 2-B (Blue Series)

Introduction
Math Mammoth Add & Subtract 2-B is a continuation to the book Math Mammoth Add & Subtract
2-A. The goal of this book is to study addition and subtraction within 0-100, both mentally and in
columns, especially concentrating on regrouping in addition (carrying) and in subtraction (borrowing).
Mental math is important because it builds number sense. This book includes many lessons that
practice mental math. For example, the child practices adding and subtracting two-digit numbers when
one of the numbers is a whole ten (such as 30 + 14 or 66 − 20).
Children also learn to solve sums such as 36 + 8 or 45 + 9 with mental math (where there is a
regrouping). We compare these to the sums 6 + 8 and 5 + 9. The child knows that 6 + 8 fills the first ten
and is four more than the next ten. The child will then learn to use that fact when adding 36 + 8. The
sum 36 + 8 fills the next whole ten (40), and is four more than that, or 44.
Simultaneously with this, the student learns how to add two-digit numbers in columns with regrouping,
which is explained in detail with the help of visual models (base-ten blocks). You are welcome to use
the actual physical manipulatives to get the idea across, if you prefer. The main concept to understand
is that 10 ones are regrouped to form a new ten, and this new ten is written using a little “1” in the tens
column.
As a “stepping stone” into the standard way to add, you can show the child the method below. This can
be used if the child does not readily understand why the little “1” above the tens column corresponds to
a ten. Below, the ones are added first, and the answer is written using both columns. Then, the tens are
added and the answer is written under the sum of ones. Lastly, both sums are added.
tens ones tens ones tens ones
3 6 3 6 3 6
+ 1 8 + 1 8 + 1 8
add ones first → 1 4 1 4 1 4

add tens here → 4 0 4 0
total → 5 4
The next lessons teach column subtraction, initially without regrouping. The following lessons then
practice in detail the process of regrouping (aka borrowing).
First, the lesson Regrouping practices breaking down a ten into 10 ones when we cannot subtract from
the ones. It is crucial that the child understands what happens here. Otherwise, the child might end up
only memorizing the procedure, and will probably at some point misremember how it was done. If you
notice that the child does not understand the concept of regrouping, provide more practice with
concrete manipulatives or visual exercises before proceeding.
After learning regrouping, we practice mental subtraction in two separate lessons. One of them
expounds on several methods for mental subtracting. Another is about Euclid's game—a fun game that
also practices subtraction of two-digit numbers.
I wish you success in teaching math!
Maria Miller, the author

Helpful Resources on the Internet
We have compiled a list of external Internet resources that match the topics in this book. This list of
links includes web pages that offer:
• online practice for concepts;

• online games, or occasionally, printable games;
• animations and interactive illustrations of math concepts;
• articles that teach a math concept.
We heartily recommend you take a look at the list. Many of our customers love using these resources to
supplement the bookwork. You can use the resources as you see fit for extra practice, to illustrate a
concept better, and even just for some fun. Enjoy!
https://l.mathmammoth.com/blue/addsubtract2b

Adding Within the Same Ten
+ + +
25 + 3 = 28 12 + 7 = 19 34 + 4 = 38
Add 5 + 3 first. Add 2 + 7 first. Add 4 + 4 first.
The 2 tens do not change. The ten does not change. The 3 tens do not change.
1. Write an addition sentence for each picture.
a. b.
+ +
_______ + _______ = ______ _______ + _______ = ______
c. d.
+ +
_______ + _______ = ______ _______ + _______ = ______
2. Add. Compare the problems. The top problem helps you solve the bottom one!
a. 5 + 2 = _____ b. 4 + 5 = _____ c. 3 + 6 = _____
35 + 2 = _____ 64 + 5 = _____ 93 + 6 = _____
3. Add. For each problem, think about a “helping” problem with numbers less than 10.
a. 52 + 7 = _____ b. 33 + 1 = _____ c. 11 + 5 = _____
2 + 7 = _____ ____ + ____ = _____ _____ + ____ = _____

4. The numbers are written in boxes! Add ones in their own column.
Copy the tens number down below.
a. 35 + 3 b. 12 + 6 c. 57 + 1 d. 64 + 3
tens ones tens ones tens ones tens ones
3 5 1 2 5 7 6 4
+ ↓ 3 + ↓ 6 + ↓ 1 + ↓ 3
3 8
5. Now you write the numbers in the boxes. Add ones in their own column.
a. 26 + 3 b. 72 + 4 c. 65 + 4 d. 81 + 4
+ ↓ + ↓ + ↓ + ↓
6. Add. Compare the problems.
a. b. c. d.
6 + 2 = ______ 4 + 3 = ______ 5 + 4 = ______ 11 + 7 = ______
16 + 2 = ______ 24 + 3 = ______ 45 + 4 = ______ 61 + 7 = ______
36 + 2 = ______ 34 + 3 = ______ 65 + 4 = ______ 41 + 7 = ______
7. Add many numbers.
a. b. c.
20 + 5 + 2 = ______ 93 + 1 + 5 = ______ 100 + 5 + 4 = ______
44 + 2 + 2 = ______ 83 + 4 + 3 = ______ 52 + 4 + 2 = ______

Remember how to break
a number into its
TENS and ONES? 23 = 20 + 3 47 = 40 + 7
tens ones tens ones
8. Break the numbers into tens and ones or do it the other way around.
a. b. c.
18 = 10 + 8 32 = _____ + _____ _______ = 60 + 6
25 = _____ + _____ 95 = _____ + _____ _______ = 9 + 80
55 = _____ + _____ ______ = 40 + 9 _______ = 8 + 70
9. Compare. Write < ,  , or = .
a. 24 + 3 24 + 5 c. 17 +2 19 + 2 e. 58 8 + 51
b. 83 + 5 85 + 3 d. 36 + 4 46 + 4 f. 66 5 + 61
is a number we don't know—a mystery number! Your

task is to compare without knowing the mystery number!
For example, which is more, + 2 or + 7?
Write < or > in the boxes. Note: there is one comparison you cannot do without
knowing the mystery number. Can you find it?
+5 +4 –5 –4 –5
+2 +7 –5 –6 + + 20

Subtracting Within the Same Ten
Think of the ones digits only.

The tens do not change,
14 – 2 = 12 27 – 3 = 24 because we don't have to
“I can subtract 4 – 2 = 2; “I can subtract 7 – 3 = 4; subtract from the tens.
the 10 stays the same.” the 20 stays the same.”
1. Subtract and compare. The top problem helps you solve the bottom one!
a. 8–2 = 6 b. 7 – 6 = _______ c. 7 – 7 = _______
28 – 2 = 26 17 – 6 = _______ 67 – 7 = _______
d. 6 – 6 = _______ e. 9 – 8 = _______ f. 5 – 2 = _______
56 – 6 = _______ 49 – 8 = _______ 95 – 2 = _______
2. Subtract. Think of the “helping problem” that only uses numbers less than 10.
a. 54 – 2 = _____ b. 76 – 2 = _____ c. 88 – 4 = _____
4 – 2 = _____ ____ – ____ = _____ _____ – ____ = _____
3. Subtract. Cross out dots. The box with “T” is a ten.
a. b. c. d.
35 – 4 = _____ 57 – 7 = _____ 48 – 2 = _____ 34 – 1 = _____
35 – 3 = _____ 57 – 5 = _____ 48 – 4 = _____ 34 – 2 = _____
35 – 2 = _____ 57 – 3 = _____ 48 – 6 = _____ 34 – 4 = _____

4. Subtract.
a. b. c. d.
77 – 6 = _____ 47 – 2 = _____ 57 – 4 = _____ 15 – 3 = _____
22 – 1 = _____ 75 – 1 = _____ 86 – 2 = _____ 98 – 4 = _____
5. Find the missing addends.
a. 10 + ______ = 15 b. 21 + ______ = 22 c. 65 + ______ = 69
32 + ______ = 38 94 + ______ = 95 33 + ______ = 36
72 + ______ = 79 44 + ______ = 48 91 + ______ = 98
6. Solve.
a. In the morning, Katherine sold 21 pictures that she had painted and in the
afternoon, she sold 7. How many pictures did she sell in total?
b. She had 30 pictures to sell when she started.

How many does she have left now?
c. Katherine can paint a picture in one hour. She started painting at 4:30 and
painted three pictures. What time did she stop painting?
7. Take away the ones (the dots) so that only the whole tens are left.
a. b. c.
37 – _____ = 30 46 – _____ = 40 28 – _____ = ______
d. 57 – ____ = ______ e. 85 – ____ = ______ f. 69 – ____ = ______

8. Solve. In the last row, make your own problems, and let a friend solve them!
a. 50 + = 57 b. + 2 = 88 c. 79 – 9 =
d. – 5 = 20 e. 90 – = 85 f. 42 = 40 +
+ ______ = ______ ______ + = ______
9. Count by fives. Notice the patterns! A 100-chart or an abacus can help you.
a. 10, 15, ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, ______
b. 1, 6, ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, ______
c. 3, 8, ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, ______
10. Continue the patterns.
a. b. c.
88 – 0 = _____ 95 – 2 = _____ 48 – 1 = _____
88 – 1 = _____ 85 – 2 = _____ 46 – 1 = _____
88 – 2 = _____ 75 – 2 = _____ 44 – 1 = _____
88 – _____ = _____ ____ – _____ = _____ ____ – 1 = _____
88 – _____ = _____ ____ – _____ = _____ ____ – _____ = _____
____ – _____ = _____ ____ – _____ = _____ ____ – _____ = _____
____ – _____ = _____ ____ – _____ = _____ ____ – _____ = _____
____ – _____ = _____ ____ – _____ = _____ ____ – _____ = _____

Add and Subtract Two-Digit Numbers
1. Subtract. Cover with your fingers, or cross out, what needs to be subtracted.
a. 48 – 20 = _____ b. 36 – 30 = _____ c. 61 – 50 = _____
d. 55 – 40 = _____ e. 44 – 30 = _____ f. 72 – 50 = _____
2. Add. You can also use the abacus to help you, instead of the pictures.
+ + +
a. 35 + 20 = _____ b. 21 + 30 = _____ c. 47 + 20 = _____
+ + +
d. 20 + 28 = _____ e. 14 + 15 = _____ f. 50 + 16 = _____
3. A challenge! Use the 100-bead abacus if you need help.
a. b. c.
35 + 20 = _______ 40 + 17 = _______ 33 – 20 = _______
76 + 30 = _______ 30 + 33 = _______ 78 – 50 = _______
22 + 50 = _______ 56 – 20 = _______ 99 – 40 = _______

tens ones tens ones
We can write the numbers to be added 4 5 7 8

or subtracted UNDER each other in
the boxes. + 2 3 − 5 6
Then we add or subtract the ones in
their own column (marked orange). 6 8 2 2
Then we add or subtract the tens in
Which numbers Which numbers
their own column (marked turquoise). were added? were subtracted?
What is the answer? What is the answer?
4. Add.
a. tens ones b. tens ones c. tens ones d. tens ones
4 2 5 3 2 5 3 5
+ 2 4 + 0 6 + 5 3 + 0 4
5. Subtract.
a. tens ones b. tens ones c. tens ones d. tens ones
9 5 5 8 2 5 7 9
− 2 0 − 2 6 − 0 3 − 6 4
6. Write the numbers under each other in the boxes and add.
a. 17 + 21 b. 34 + 14 c. 51 + 7 d. 32 + 5
+ + + +

7. Subtract. Either use the picture, or write the numbers under each other in the boxes.
3 8 1 6
− 1 4 − 3
a. 38 – 14 = _____ b. 16 – 3 = _____
− −
c. 47 – 25 = _____ d. 38 – 26 = _____
8. The dots show what two numbers you add. Write the numbers in the boxes. Add.
a. tens ones tens ones tens ones
2 4
+ 1 3 + +
b. c.
tens ones tens ones tens ones
d. + + +
e. f.
9. You should be able to do these problems mentally, without any help!
a. 30 + 20 = _______ b. 40 + 60 = _______ c. 60 – 40 = _______
60 + 20 = _______ 30 + 30 = _______ 70 – 50 = _______
30 + 50 = _______ 50 – 20 = _______ 90 – 40 = _______

10. Write the numbers in the boxes. Subtract the tens and the ones in their columns.
a. 57 – 21 b. 74 – 14 c. 59 – 7 d. 99 – 58
− − − −
11. Solve the word problems. You can use an abacus to help, or write the numbers under
each other in boxes.
a. James went fishing and caught 28 fish. His wife cooked

11 fish for supper. How many fish were not used for
supper, and were put into the freezer?
b. If you buy a shirt for $22 and jeans for $34, how much do
you have to pay for both items?
c. Mom is 38 years old and John is 11. How many years older
is Mom than John?
d. Jessica had 34 colored pencils and Matt had 22. Jessica

gave Matt 6 pencils. Now how many does Matt have?

Subtract from Whole Tens
One way to solve 30 – 7 = ? Another way to solve 30 – 7 = ?
The picture shows 30 as two Think of the helping problem where you
ten-pillars and ten blocks. subtract from ten: 10 – 7 = 3.
Now you can easily The answer ends in three.
subtract (cover) seven
blocks. In the same way, 30 – 7 is “something”-
three in the previous ten, or in the twenties.
The answer is 23. So, it is 23.
1. Subtract from whole tens. The last ten is shown with blocks so you can cross some out!
a. b. c. d.
40 – 4 = ______ 30 – 5 = ______ 50 – 2 = ______ 60 – 7 = ______
40 – 6 = ______ 30 – 4 = ______ 50 – 8 = ______ 60 – 9 = ______
40 – 7 = ______ 30 – 9 = ______ 50 – 3 = ______ 60 – 1 = ______
40 – 8 = ______ 30 – 6 = ______ 50 – 6 = ______ 60 – 4 = ______
2. Subtract the same number many times.
a. 70 – 10 – 10 – 10 = ______ b. 90 – 20 – 20 – 20 = ______
3. Add and subtract whole tens.
+50 +40 −20 −60 +20 −30 +20 +60 −30
10

4. Subtract from whole tens.
a. b. c. d.
70 – 6 = ______ 50 – 8 = ______ 40 – 1 = ______ 100 – 5 = ______
70 – 5 = ______ 50 – 7 = ______ 40 – 2 = ______ 100 – 7 = ______
70 – 2 = ______ 50 – 6 = ______ 40 – 3 = ______ 100 – 9 = ______
5. Add and subtract the same number.
a. 10 – 2 = _____ b. 60 – 5 = _____ c. 25 – 4 = _____
10 + 2 = _____ 60 + 5 = _____ 25 + 4 = _____
6. Write an addition or subtraction sentence for each problem, and solve it.
a. There are 20 pupils in the class, and each needed

a pencil. The teacher only found 16 pencils.
How many pencils do they still need?
b. There are 17 bushes growing in the front yard

and seven in the back yard. How many more are
in the front yard than in the back yard?
c. Carmen has 13 pretty stones, Jane has 18, and Julie has 20.
How many more stones does Julie have than Carmen?
How many more stones does Jane have than Carmen?
How many more stones does Carmen need if she

wants to have as many as Julie?

Doubling
Doubling a number means adding it to itself. It is finding two times the number.
Examples:
Double 7 is 7 + 7 is 14. Double 20 is 20 + 20 is 40.
1. Find the double of these numbers.
a. Double 4 b. Double 6 c. Double 8
_____ + _____ = _____ _____ + _____ = _____ _____ + _____ = _____

d. Double 10 e. Double 30 f. Double 50
_____ + _____ = _____ _____ + _____ = _____ _____ + _____ = _____
2. Find the double of these numbers by adding in the boxes.

a. 22 + 22 b. Double 34 c. 13 + 13 d. Double 41
3. Make a doubles chart. Notice it has a pattern!
Double 1 = _______ 6 + 6 = _______ 11 + 11 = _______
Double 2 = _______ 7 + 7 = _______ 12 + 12 = _______
Double 3 = _______ 8 + 8 = _______ 13 + 13 = _______
Double 4 = _______ 9 + 9 = _______ 14 + 14 = _______
Double 5 = _______ 10 + 10 = _______ 15 + 15 = _______

When you double a number, you always get an EVEN number as a result.
Look at the ANSWER numbers in the doubles chart you just made. (You can
color the answers yellow if you would like.)
All of those numbers are EVEN numbers.
If a number is even, you can share that many things evenly.
Example. Double 13 is 13 + 13 = 26. This means that two children

can share 26 toy cars EVENLY, and that each child gets 13 cars.
Example. Two children need to clean 18 chairs. They divide the job equally
(evenly). How many chairs does each child clean?
Use the doubles chart. Since 9 + 9 = 18, each child will clean 9 chairs.
Solve the problems. You can use the doubles chart on the previous page to help you.
4. Mother tells two children to make 16 sandwiches.

The children share the job equally.
How many sandwiches will each child make?
5. You have 12 grapes and you share them evenly with your
sister. How many do you get?
6. In a board game, you throw two dice and move that many spaces.
Mary got double four. Andrea got double six.
How many spaces did Mary move?
How many spaces did Andrea move?
7. Cindy has 5 apples and Sandy has 3. They put them together
and share them evenly. How many does each girl get?
8. Circle the even numbers: 13 20 19 8 15 16

Each number here is an even number, so it is a DOUBLE of some number. What
number is it double of?
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
The first number on the list is 6. Six is double 3. We can write 6 = 3 + 3.

The last number on the list is 24. It is double 12. We can write 24 = 12 + 12.
9. Write each number as a double of some other number.
a. 8 = ____ + ____ b. 10 = ____ + ____ c. 4 = ____ + ____
d. 12 = ____ + ____ e. 14 = ____ + ____ f. 16 = ____ + ____
10. Write above each shaded number what number it is double of. Notice the pattern!
5
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
11. Mother and her friend need to make 20 dolls to sell.

They share the job evenly.
How many dolls will each woman make?
12. Two teachers divide 28 worksheets evenly.

How many worksheets will each one get?
13. Mom found 7 cucumber slices in one container and 3 in another.

You and your brother decide to share them equally.
How many slices will you get?
14. (Challenge) A batch of brownies makes 16 brownies.

Mom makes a double batch.
How many brownies will she make?

One-Half
Twelve balls are divided

If you divide something into into two equal parts.
You can also find half
two equal parts, you have We can do that, because
of so many things, if
divided it into two halves. 12 is an even number.
you have an even
Each part is half of the whole.
number of things. 6 + 6 = 12
1
Write one-half this way: , 5 + 5 = 10. So, half of 1
2 of 12 is 6.
or this way: 1/2. ten apples is five apples. 2
1. a. Color one half of each shape. b. Color two halves of each shape.
2. Draw a line through these shapes and divide them into two halves. Color one half.
e.
a. b. c.
d.
3. Divide the things into two EQUAL groups. Write an addition. Find half of the total.
c. 24
a. 10 b. 40
____ + ____ = _____ ____ + ____ = _____

____ + ____ = _____
1 1
of 10 is ____. of 40 is _____. 1
2 2 of 24 is _____.
2

1
Doubling and halving are the opposite things. 7 + 7 = 14, so of 14 is 7.
2
4. Fill in the doubles chart. Then use it to find one-half of the given numbers.
1
6 + 6 = ______ 11 + 11 = ______ 2
of 16 is _______.
1
7 + 7 = ______ 12 + 12 = ______ 2
of 28 is _______.
1
8 + 8 = ______ 13 + 13 = ______ 2
of 26 is _______.
1
9 + 9 = ______ 14 + 14 = ______ 2
of 30 is _______.
1
10 + 10 = ______ 15 + 15 = ______ 2
of 22 is _______.
5. Divide the dots into two EQUAL groups. Find half of the total.
a. b. c.
1 1 1
of 30 is ______. of _____ is ______. of _____ is _____.
2 2 2
6. Solve the problems. Then fill in another chart of doubles. It has a pattern! Find it!
a. Jack and Joe split $60 evenly.
How many dollars did each one get? 10 + 10 = ______
b. Half of 100 students were sick. 15 + 15 = ______

How many were not sick?
20 + 20 = ______
c. Aunt Katie gave Missie half of $40.
Missie spent $10 on a toy. 25 + 25 = ______
How many dollars does Missie have now?
30 + 30 = ______
d. The recipe called for 10 apples. That was exactly
half of Mom's apples. How many apples did Mom
35 + 35 = ______
have in the beginning?
40 + 40 = ______

Pictographs
1. This is a pictograph. It shows how many miles each boy has ridden on his bike.
Each bicycle picture means 10 miles. A half-bicycle would be half that.
Mark
Ernest
Matthew
= 10 miles
Jim
Greg
Dan
a. Who rode the most miles? _________________________
How many miles? _______ miles
b. The boys that rode the least miles were Greg and _________________________.
How many miles did they ride? ________ and _______ miles
c. How many more miles did Matthew ride than Dan? _______ miles
d. How many more miles did Dan ride than Greg? _______ miles
2. Make a bar graph.

Favorite How many
color people like it
Blue 30
Green 17
Red 13
Purple 12
Black 10

3. The children picked fruit from grandpa Jerry's fruit trees. One fruit picture means
6 fruits. Half a fruit means 3 fruits.
How many?
oranges
mangos
bananas
a. Fill in how many fruits they picked.
b. How many oranges and bananas did they pick?

You can use the grid on the right to add.
c. How many more bananas did they pick than mangos?
4. Boys played a game of marbles and made a pictograph. Each marble means 5 points.
Mark
Aaron
Henry
Jack
Make three questions that you could ask another second grader about this pictograph.
Then, ask the questions of your classmate or a friend. Check their answers.

Adding with Whole Tens
1. The numbers are shown with ten-sticks and one-dots. Write the sums.
+ +
a. 54 + 10 = ______ b. ______ + 20 = ______
+ +
c. d. ______ + ______ = ______

______ + ______ = ______
+ +
e. ______ + ______ = ______ f. ______ + ______ = ______
Adding whole tens and

another 2-digit number
Break down the other
number into tens and ones.
Add the tens. Then, add the ones.
2. Add. Break the second number into tens and ones first. Then add the tens.
a. 10 + 34 = _______ b. 10 + 28 = _______ c. 20 + 24 = _______

(10 + 30 + 4) (10 + _____ + _____ ) (20 + _____ + _____ )
d. 30 + 21 = _______ e. 50 + 17 = _______ f. 40 + 33 = _______
g. 60 + 23 = _______ h. 30 + 37 = _______ i. 70 + 25 = _______

3. Add. Break the first number into tens and ones first. Then add the tens.
a. 45 + 20 = _______ b. 27 + 20 = _______ c. 45 + 40 = _______

(40 + 5 + 20) ( _____ + _____ + 20 ) ( _____ + _____ + 40)
d. 46 + 30 = _______ e. 16 + 50 = _______ f. 38 + 60 = _______
g. 20 + 77 = _______ h. 58 + 40 = _______ i. 40 + 39 = _______
4. Explain in your own words how you can mentally add 21 + 60.
5. Fill in the chart of doubles

again, and notice its 5 + 5 = _______ 30 + 30 = _______
PATTERN.
10 + 10 = _______ 35 + 35 = _______
15 + 15 = _______ 40 + 40 = _______
20 + 20 = _______ 45 + 45 = _______
25 + 25 = _______ 50 + 50 = _______
6. Isabella got 30 books out of the library, and read half of them in two
days. How many books does she have left to read?
7. Gwen and Mom went shopping. They bought shoes for $40, a top for $10,
and a skirt for $20. Mom paid half of the cost and Gwen paid the rest.
How much did Gwen pay?
8. Jacob had $61. Then he bought a toy for $30. How much money does he have left?

9. Fill in the missing numbers and find how many tens were added.
a. 12 + _____ = 22 b. 45 + _____ = 65 c. 23 + _____ = 63
12 + _____ = 52 45 + _____ = 55 23 + _____ = 53
12 + _____ = 42 45 + _____ = 75 23 + _____ = 93
10. Add 10, 20, 30, or 40. In the box below the number, write “E” if the number is even,
and “O”, if the number is odd. What do you notice?
+ 10 + 20 + 30 + 40
12 22 19 32 37
E E O
+ 40 + 30 + 20 + 10
23 58 7 85
How many different solutions can you find for this puzzle?
Find at least two. All numbers are whole tens.
+ + = 70 + + = 70
+ + + + + +
+ + = 100 + + = 100
+ + + + + +
+ + = 70 + + = 70
= = = = = =
80 100 60 80 100 60

Subtracting Whole Tens
Cross out two tens.
In the problem 47 – 20, think of the tens. The first
number (47) has four tens. We take away two tens.
So, there are TWO tens left.
The first number also has 7. That does not change.
47 – 20 = ______
1. Cross out as many ten-pillars as the problem indicates. What is left?
a. 70 – 50 = ______ b. 65 – 30 = ______ c. 46 – 20 = ______

Notice: The amount of ONES does not change in these subtractions.
You can just think of the TENS.
2. Count by tens backwards.
a. 76, 66, ________ , ________ , ________ , ________ , ________
b. _______ , ________ , 52, 42, ________ , ________ , ________

3. Subtract.
a. b. c.
23 – 10 = ________ 48 – 20 = ________ 56 – 10 = ________
23 – 20 = ________ 48 – 30 = ________ 56 – 30 = ________

d. e. f.
75 – 10 = ________ 31 – 10 = ________ 81 – 40 = ________
75 – 20 = ________ 31 – 20 = ________ 81 – 50 = ________

4. Find the pattern and continue it.
a. 88 – 10 = ______ b. 100 – 60 = ______ c. 34 – 10 = ______
88 – 20 = ______ 90 – 50 = ______ 44 – 20 = ______
88 – 30 = ______ 80 – 40 = ______ 54 – 30 = ______
88 – ______ = ______ _____ – _____ = _____ _____ – _____ = _____
88 – ______ = ______ _____ – _____ = _____ _____ – _____ = _____
88 – ______ = ______ _____ – _____ = _____ _____ – _____ = _____
88 – ______ = ______ _____ – _____ = _____ _____ – _____ = _____
5. Solve.
a. Three suitcases weigh 30 kg, 18 kg, and 20 kg.
How much is their total weight?
b. Chairs cost $30 apiece. Can

Dale buy three of them with $80?
c. Henry received $50 for his birthday.

If he buys three books that cost $10 each,
how much will he have left?
Find + = 90 – = 40
numbers
for the – – + +
puzzles.
+ = 30 – = 30
= = = =
30 30 80 10

Completing the Next Ten
Review: 1 + _____ = 10 8 + _____ = 10 3 + _____ = 10

What numbers make 10?
7 + _____ = 10 5 + _____ = 10 6 + _____ = 10
You need to remember
these well!
4 + _____ = 10 9 + _____ = 10 2 + _____ = 10
Completing the ten
+ = + =
11 + 9 = 20 31 + 9 = 40
The 1 and the 9 little cubes make The 1 and the 9 little cubes make
a new ten. We get a total of 20. a new ten. We get a total of 40.
1. Draw more little blocks so you have ten of them. Circle the ten little blocks.
Write an addition that completes the next ten. You can also do these with the abacus.
a. b. c.
33 + _____ = 40 43 + _____ = _______ 27 + _____ = _______
d. e. f.
_____ + _____ = _____ _____ + _____ = _____ _____ + _____ = _____

2. Write the previous and next whole ten.
a. 10 , 13 , 20 b. ______, 57 , ______ c. ______, 46 , ______
d. ______, 81 , ______ e. ______, 78, ______ f. ______, 94 , ______
3. Draw more little blocks so you have ten of them. Circle the ten little blocks. Write an
addition that completes the next ten. You can also do these with the abacus.
a. b. c.
_____ + ____ = _____ _____ + ____ = _____ _____ + ____ = _____
4. Complete the next ten. The top problem is a “helping problem” for the bottom one.
a. 3 + ____ = 10 b. 4 + ____ = 10 c. 7 + ____ = 10
23 + ____ = 30 44 + ____ = ______ 17 + ____ = ______
5. Complete the next ten. Think of the helping problem where you complete 10.
a. 13 + = 20 b. 21 + = 30 c. 74 + = 80
d. 88 + = 90 e. 44 + = 50 f. 96 + = 100
g. + 37 = 40 h. + 65 = 70 i. + 52 = 60
j. + 68 = 70 k. + 91 = 100 l. + 59 = 60

6. Complete the next ten. Then write a matching subtraction using the same numbers.
Notice: The number in the oval will be the same for the top and bottom problem!
a. b. c.
36 + = 40 57 + = _____ 83 + = _____
40 − = 36 60 − = _____ _____ − = _____
d. 66 + = ______ e. 95 + = ______
______ − = ______ ______ − = ______
7. A ticket to an amusement park costs $40. How much more money do these children
need for the ticket?
a. Jeanine's mom gave her $30 for the ticket, and she has $7.
b. Derek already has $20. His parents will pay $10.
c. Muhammad has $12, and his mom has promised him $20.
Find two different solutions to the puzzle.
100 – – = 40 100 – – = 40
– + + – + +
+ + = 90 + + = 90
= = = = = =
70 40 80 70 40 80

Going Over Ten
Remember? 10 plus three is thirteen.
10 plus six is sixteen.
10 plus 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 10 plus nine is nineteen.
makes one of the TEEN numbers! 10 plus five is fifteen.
1. Add.
a. 10 + 4 = _____ b. 10 + 7 = _____ c. 10 + 8 = _____ d. 10 + 3 = _____
6 + 8 7 + 5
We circle TEN marbles to make a ten. We We circle TEN marbles to make a ten. We
can now see that there are 10 and 4 can now see that there are 10 and 2
marbles. 10 + 4 = 14. So, 6 + 8 = 14. marbles. 10 + 2 = 12. So, 7 + 5 = 12.
2. First, circle ten marbles to make a ten. How many marbles are there in all?
a. + b. + c. +
7 + 8 8 + 8 6 + 5
= ________ = ________ = ________
d. + e. + f. +
9 + 4 8 + 5 8 + 9
= ________ = ________ = ________
g. + h. +
7 + 7 = ________ 9 + 9 = ________

Sums that go over to the next ten
Let's add 59 + 5. First we complete 60.

59 + 5
| \
59 + 1 + 4
60 + 4 = 64
9 and 1 make a new ten.
The 5 is broken into two parts: 1 and 4. We get 6 tens.
That is because 59 and 1 makes sixty.
Then, we have 60 and 4. We get 64. 59 + 5 = 64
3. Circle ten little cubes to make a ten. Count the tens and ones. Write the answer.
a. 13 + 9 = ______ b. 15 + 8 = ______ c. 17 + 7 = ______
d. 24 + 7 = ______ e. 25 + 6 = ______ f. 37 + 9 = ______
g. 36 + 6 = ______ h. 48 + 4 = ______ i. 58 + 5 = ______

4. Complete. Break the second number into two parts so that you first complete the next
ten. You can also use your abacus to solve these.
a. 28 + 8 b. 47 + 5 c. 79 + 9
/ \ / \ / \
28 + 2 + 6 47 + 3 + ____ 79 + ____ + ____
30 + ____ = ______ 50 + ____ = ______ 80 + ____ = ______

d. 39 + 3 e. 27 + 5 f. 38 + 7
/ \ / \ / \
39 + ____ + ____ 27 + ____ + ____ 38 + ____ + ____
40 + ____ = ______ ______ + ____ = _____ ______ + ____ = _____
5. Add. First, make a new ten with some of the little dots. You can also use the abacus.
+ + +
a. 25 + 15 = _____ b. 17 + 25 = _____ c. 38 + 26 = _____
+ + +
d. 17 + 18 = _____ e. 14 + 48 = _____ f. 37 + 24 = _____
6. Add. Sometimes you can make a new ten and sometimes not. An abacus can help also.
+ + +
a. 24 + 15 = _____ b. 18 + 22 = _____ c. 36 + 16 = _____
+ + +
d. 15 + 23 = _____ e. 43 + 16 = _____ f. 25 + 37 = _____

7. The family counted how many birds they saw on their trip. They used tally marks.
Count
Dad
Mom
Mary
Mark
Angie
a. Fill in the Count column in the chart.
b. Make a bar graph (below).
c. How many more birds did Dad see than Mary?
−
d. How many more birds did Angie see than Mark?
Use subtraction. Write the numbers under each other.

Add with Two-Digit Numbers Ending in 9
Imagine that 29 wants to be 30...
so it “grabs” one from 5.
Then, 29 becomes 30, and 5 becomes 4.
The addition problem is changed to 30 + 4 = 34.
1. Circle the nine dots and one more dot to form a complete ten. Add.
a. 19 + 5 = ______ b. 29 + 7 = ______ c. 49 + 5 = ______
d. 29 + 8 = ______ e. 39 + 6 = ______ f. 49 + 9 = ______
2. Add. Write a helping problem using the “ones” from the first problem.
a. 19 + 7 = _______ b. 49 + 3 = _______ c. 39 + 4 = _______
9 + 7 = _____ ____ + _____ = _____ ____ + _____ = _____
3. Add. Compare the problems.
a. 9 + 3 = ________ b. 9 + 6 = ________ c. 9 + 4 = ________
19 + 3 = ________ 39 + 6 = ________ 49 + 4 = ________
d. 9 + 7 = ________ e. 9 + 9 = ________ f. 9 + 5 = ________
39 + 7 = ________ 69 + 9 = ________ 19 + 5 = ________
29 + 7 = ________ 79 + 9 = ________ 59 + 5 = ________

4. These problems review the basic facts with 9 and 8. By this time you should already
remember these addition facts. Try to remember what number will fit without
counting.
a. b. c. d.
14 − 9 = _____ 4 + 9 = _____ 15 − _____ = 8 7 + 8 = _____
15 − 9 = _____ 8 + 9 = _____ 17 − _____ = 8 5 + 8 = _____
13 − 9 = _____ 5 + 9 = _____ 12 − _____ = 8 6 + 8 = _____
18 − 9 = _____ 6 + 9 = _____ 14 − _____ = 8 3 + 8 = _____
17 − 9 = _____ 9 + 9 = _____ 13 − _____ = 8 9 + 8 = _____
16 − 9 = _____ 7 + 9 = _____ 16 − _____ = 8 4 + 8 = _____
5. Find the difference of numbers. The number line can help.
a. Difference between b. Difference between c. Difference between
41 and 53 _______ 60 and 46 _______ 59 and 48 _______
6. Find the patterns and continue them!
+ + + + + + + +
a.
0 1 3 6 10 _____ _____ _____ _____
+ + + + + + + +
b.
_____ ____ ____ _____ _____ 44 48 52 56

Add a Two-Digit Number and a Single-Digit Number
Mentally
Imagine that 38 wants to be 40, so it “grabs” two from 7.

Then, 38 becomes 40, and 7 becomes 5.
The addition problem is changed to 40 + 5 = 45.
1. Circle the eight dots and two more dots to form a complete ten. Add.
a. 18 + 6 = ______ b. 28 + 7 = ______ c. 48 + 8 = ______
d. 38 + 4 = ______ e. 38 + 6 = ______ f. 48 + 5 = ______
2. Add. Think of the trick explained above.
a. 18 + 7 = _______ b. 38 + 6 = _______ c. 58 + 5 = _______
3. Add. Compare the problems. How are the problems in each box similar?
a. 8 + 3 = _______ b. 8 + 6 = _______ c. 8 + 4 = _______
18 + 3 = _______ 38 + 6 = _______ 78 + 4 = _______
d. 8 + 2 = _______ e. 8 + 9 = _______ f. 8 + 5 = _______
38 + 2 = _______ 68 + 9 = _______ 18 + 5 = _______
28 + 2 = _______ 78 + 9 = _______ 58 + 5 = _______

When you add a two-digit number and a single-digit number, such as 45 + 6 or 77 + 4,
think of the “helping” problem: the addition with just the ones digits.
Example. 45 + 6 Example. 67 + 8
Think of the helping problem 5 + 6 = 11. Think of the helping problem 7 + 8 = 15.
(Drop the 40 from 45, and you have 5 + 6.) (Drop the 60 from 67, and you have 7 + 8.)
5 + 6 is ONE more than the next ten (11), 7 + 8 is FIVE more than the next ten (15),
and 45 + 6 is also ONE more than the next and 67 + 8 is also FIVE more than the next
ten (51). ten (75).
4. Add. Compare the problems! The top problem is a helping problem for the bottom one.
a. 7 + 6 = ________ b. 6 + 8 = ________ c. 7 + 7 = ________
27 + 6 = ________ 76 + 8 = ________ 87 + 7 = ________

(three more than the next ten) (four more than the next ten) (four more than the next ten)
d. 5 + 8 = ________ e. 6 + 9 = ________ f. 8 + 7 = ________
35 + 8 = ________ 26 + 9 = ________ 48 + 7 = ________
5. Fill in: To add 73 + 8, I can use the helping problem ___ + ___ = ____. Then since
the answer to that is ___ more than 10, the answer to 73 + 8 is ____ more than ____.
6. Add.
a. 34 + 8 = _______ b. 47 + 7 = _______ c. 59 + 5 = _______
7. Solve the word problems.
a. Jenny needed 24 eggs to make omelets for

her family. She already had 10 eggs.
How many more does she need?
b. Her large family eats lots of potatoes.

Dad bought a 25-kilogram bag of potatoes.
Now, only 5 kg are left. How many
kilograms of potatoes have they eaten?

Regrouping with Tens
When adding 3 + 9, we can circle ten tens ones
little ones to form a ten. We write “1” 3

in the tens column.
+ 9
There are two little ones left over, so
we write “2” in the ones column. 1 2
With 35 + 8, we circle ten little ones tens ones

to make a ten. There already are three
tens, so in total we now have four tens. 3 5
So, we write “4” in the tens column. + 8
There are three little cubes left over, so
4 3
we write “3” in the ones column.
1. Circle ten cubes to make a new ten. Count the tens, including the new one. Count the
ones. Write the tens and ones in their own columns. You can also use manipulatives.
tens ones tens ones
3 3 2 5
a. + 9 b. + 8
tens ones tens ones
3 8 2 7
c. + 9 d. + 7
tens ones tens ones
3 6 2 5
e. + 1 8 f. + 2 7

When we make a new ten from the ones, we tens ones
are regrouping. The ten ones get grouped 1
as a ten, and are counted with the other tens. 3 5
This is also called carrying to tens. + 2 7
Imagine someone “gathering” ten little 6 2
cubes in his lap and “carrying” them over into the tens column as 1 ten.
To show this new ten, write a little “1” in the tens column above the other numbers.
Then add in the tens-column as usual, adding the little “1” also.
2. Circle ten ones to make a new ten. Add the tens and ones in columns.
tens ones tens ones
1 1
1 3 2 4
a. b.
+ 2 9 + 3 8
2
tens ones tens ones
1 1
3 5 2 4
c. d.
+ 1 9 + 4 7
e. f.
g. h.

3. Add. If you can make a new ten from the ones, regroup.
a. 4 2 b. 2 7 c. 6 5 d. 8 3 e. 3 4
+ 1 5 + 4 5 + 2 6 + 1 5 + 1 9
f. 5 2 g. 1 3 h. 6 3 i. 3 6 j. 6 6
+ 4 1 + 4 4 + 2 7 + 5 1 + 2 9
1
We can add three numbers by writing them under each other.
This is not any more difficult than adding two numbers. 3 2
On the right, first add the ones. 2 + 7 + 5 = 14. You get a new 2 7
ten. So, regroup and write that new ten with the other tens. + 1 5
In the tens, add 1 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 7.
7 4
4. Add. Regroup the ones to make a new ten.
a. 3 4 b. 1 5 c. 1 3 d. 2 6 e. 3 4
1 9 2 7 2 7 4 2 2 1
+ 2 6 + 4 5 + 2 6 + 1 9 + 1 9
5. Show the additions on the number line by drawing lines that are that long.
a. 13 + 9 + 11 = _____
b. 27 + 16 = _____

Add in Columns Practice
1. Add in columns.
a. 9 b. 2 4 c. 5 5 d. 4 5 e. 3 8
+ 7 1 + 6 7 + 3 6 + 2 5 + 1 4
f. 3 4 g. 2 5 h. 5 8 i. 2 9 j. 1 6
9 4 2 3 0 4 4 1 4
+ 3 5 + 4 9 + 6 + 1 2 + 1 9
2. Write the numbers so that the ones and tens are in their own columns. Add.
a. 45 + 27 b. 8 + 56 c. 40 + 32 d. Double 35 e. Double 47
f. 6 + 31 + 25 g. 40 + 7 + 9 h. 46 + 8 + 20 i. 5 + 8 + 13 j. 5 + 4 + 57

Here we have more
than 10 tens.
Ten tens make
a hundred (100)!
Add the tens: 8 + 6 = 14 tens. The “1” of the 14 goes in the hundreds
column, and the “4” stays in the tens column. The answer 149 is read
“one hundred and forty-nine.”
Another example. Add the tens normally: 1 + 5 + 6 = 12 tens.

Write the 12 so that the “1” is in the hundreds' column, and the
“2” is in the tens column. The 12 tens make 1 hundred and 2 tens.
The answer 123 is read “one hundred and twenty-three.”
You will study more about hundreds later.
3. Add. You will have more than 10 tens.

a. 27 + 80 b. 95 + 47 c. Double 56 d. 62 + 84
4. Add.
a. 6 7 b. 9 0 c. 3 9 d. 8 5 e. 2 9
+ 6 1 + 6 5 + 8 1 + 6 2 + 9 4
f. 6 5 g. 7 4 h. 6 8 i. 1 2 j. 8
1 8 7 4 7 8 8 5 0
+ 2 6 + 4 5 + 3 2 + 4 9 + 7 9

5. Solve the word problems. You may need to add or subtract in columns.
a. Josh worked for 27 hours this week.

Bill worked for 16 hours more than Josh.
How many hours did Bill work?
b. Natasha read 29 comic books and Matt read 16.

How many more comic books did Natasha read than Matt?
c. Mom put 13 red flowers and 11 blue flowers in one

vase. Then she put 22 flowers in another vase.
Which vase has more flowers? How many more?
d. Caleb had saved $24 and his brother David $41.

Then Caleb earned $20. Now, who has more money?
How much more?
e. Caleb bought a set of colored pencils for $13,

drawing paper for $9, and paints for $21.
What is his total bill?

Mental Addition of Two-Digit Numbers
Example 1. Add in parts 40 + 55.
First break 55 into its tens and ones. 55 is 50 + 5.
So, 40 + 55 becomes 40 + 50 + 5.
Now add 40 and 50. You get 90. Then add the 5. You get 90 + 5 = ______.
Example 2. Add in parts 36 + 30.

First break 36 into three tens and ones. 36 is 30 + 6.
So, 36 + 30 becomes 30 + 6 + 30.
Now add 30 and 30. That is 60. Then add the 6. You get 60 + 6 = _______.
1. Add in parts, breaking the second number into its tens and ones.
a. 20 + 34 = _______ b. 70 + 18 = _______ c. 50 + 27 = _______

20 + ______ + ____ 70 + ______ + ____ 50 + ______ + ____
2. Add in parts. Break the number that is not whole tens into its tens and ones in your mind.
a. 17 + 10 = _______ b. 16 + 20 = _______ c. 50 + 14 = _______
26 + 10 = _______ 34 + 30 = _______ 60 + 23 = _______
42 + 10 = _______ 67 + 20 = _______ 30 + 45 = _______
3. Add mentally. We already studied these. The first one is the helping problem.
a. b. c. d.
7 + 8 = ______ 4 + 9 = ______ 8 + 4 = ______ 7 + 9 = ______
17 + 8 = ______ 14 + 9 = ______ 48 + 4 = ______ 57 + 9 = ______
37 + 8 = ______ 44 + 9 = ______ 78 + 4 = ______ 37 + 9 = ______

How can you easily add 16 + 19? 16 + 19
Think about it before you go on!
= 6 + 9 + 10 + 10
Here's the answer: again, add in parts.
Look at the example on the right. = 15 + 10 + 10 = _____
4. Add in parts.
a. 13 + 18 b. 15 + 15
= ____ + ____ + 10 + 10 = ____ + ____ + 10 + 10
= =
c. 17 + 18 d. 19 + 15
= ____ + ____ + 10 + 10 = ____ + ____ + 10 + 10
= =
e. 18 + 12 = ______ f. 13 + 16 = ______
g. 16 + 17 = ______ h. 17 + 15 = ______
5. a. Laura owns 13 cats. Five of her cats live in the house.

How many of her cats live outside?
b. Laura's cats eat 20 lb of cat food in a week. Laura has two 4-lb
bags at home. How many more pounds of cat food does she
need to have enough for one week?
6. Count by threes.
42, 45, _______, _______, _______, _______,_______, _______, _______
7. Find the pattern and continue it. This pattern “grows” at each step.
+ + + + + + + +
1 3 7 13 21 31 _____ _____ _____

Add two-digit numbers: Add the tens and ones separately
Add tens on their own. 45 + 27

Add ones on their own. 40 + 20 + 5 + 7
Lastly, add the two sums. 60 + 12 = 72
8. Add by adding tens and ones separately.
a. 36 + 22 b. 72 + 18
30 + 20 + 6 + 2 70 + 10 + 2 + 8
______ + ______ = _______ ______ + ______ = _______
c. 54 + 37 d. 24 + 55
50 + 30 + 4+7 ___ + ___ + __ + __

_______ + _______ = _______ _______ + _______ = _______
e. 36 + 36 f. 42 + 68
___ + ___ + __ + __
_______ + _______ = _______
g. 45 + 18 h. 37 + 58
Figure out the missing numbers for these addition problems.
a. b. c. d. e.
+ 1 4 + 3 + 2 5 + 7 8 + 2 6
4 1 7 1 5 1 9 1 6 1

Adding Three or Four Numbers Mentally
When you add three Perhaps add 8 and 8 first: Or perhaps add 8 and 6 first:
numbers, you can add 8 + 8 +6 8+ 8 + 6
them in any order you
wish. = 16 + 6 = ______ = 8 + 14 = ______
1. Add three numbers.
a. 8 + 8 + 8 = ______ b. 7 + 9 + 6 = ______ c. 5 + 8 + 9 = ______
d. 7 + 9 + 5 = ______ e. 8 + 6 + 4 = ______ f. 2 + 9 + 5 = ______
When you add four numbers, often it is easy But sometimes some other
to add them in pairs: two numbers at a time. way of adding is easier.
Add 7 and 3. Add the first two, Double 8 makes 16,
Add 5 and 6: and the last two: then to that add 4:
7 +5+ 3 +6 6 + 9 +8+5 9+ 8 + 8 +4
= 10 + 11 = ______ = 15 + 13 = ______ = 16 + 4 + 9 = ______
2. Add four numbers. Look at the example.
a. 8 + 8 +2+8 b. 7+5+5+6 c. 4+7+2+5
= 16 + 10 = ______ + ______ = ______ + ______
= 26 = ______ = ______
d. 6+7+9+8 e. 8+5+2+6 f. 4+5+3+9
= ______ + ______ = ______ + ______ = ______ + ______
= ______ = ______ = ______

3. Practice adding three or four numbers.
a. 4 + 8 + 6 = _____ b. 4 + 9 + 5 + 6 = _____ c. 7 + 8 + 7 + 9 = _____
d. 9 + 9 + 5 = _____ e. 8 + 3 + 5 + 4 = _____ f. 2 + 6 + 6 + 5 = _____
g. 8 + 4 + 4 = _____ h. 9 + 2 + 4 + 6 = _____ i. 2 + 3 + 8 + 9 = _____
4. Madison took photos of her friends. She took eight photos

of Mia, nine photos of Chloe, and eight of Isabella.
How many photos did Madison take all totaled?
5. Gabriel has 7 toy cars and Lucas has 9. They put their cars together.
Can they share the cars evenly?
If yes, how many would each boy get?
6. Elijah made 8 sand towers and Bill made 11. Can the boys share the
towers in a game they are playing?
If yes, how many would each boy get?
7. Add mentally. Think, what would the easiest order to add the numbers!
a. 30 + 2 + 40 + 8 = ________ c. 9 + 40 + 1 + 4 = ________
b. 50 + 4 + 10 + 7 = ________ d. 20 + 10 + 8 + 9 = ________
8. Compare the expressions and write < , > , or = .
a. 8+5+6 5+6+9 b. 54 + 8 53 + 9
c. 8+8+7+7 9+9+6+6 d. 48 − 6 38 + 5

Adding Three or Four Numbers in Columns
Sometimes we get two or three new tens from the ones. We need to regroup.
In the ones, we add In the ones we add 9 + 9 + 7 + 6 3

2 = 18 + 13 = 31. We write three
8 + 7 + 8 = 23. 3 9
4 8 new tens in the tens column. 1 9
We write the two new 2 7
In the tens, we add 2 7
tens in the tens column. + 1 8
3 + 3 + 1 + 2 + 2 = 11. The +2 6
Complete the problem. answer is more than one hundred.
3
It is 111 (one hundred eleven). 111
1. Add mentally. Remember to first try to find if any of the numbers make 10.
a. 8 + 4 + 5 = ______ b. 3 + 8 + 7 = ______ c. 8 + 5 + 6 + 4 = _______
2. Add. The answers are “hidden” in the list of numbers below the problems.
a. 5 2 b. 1 3 c. 3 3 d. 3 6
3 0 2 5 3 8 2 7
+ 1 1 + 5 4 + 2 7 + 1 9
e. 3 6 f. 4 0 g. 1 5 h. 1 2
2 7 1 8 1 7 2 9
1 8 1 6 1 8 2 5
+ 1 6 + 2 2 + 3 9 + 1 4
i. 1 9 j. 5 6 k. 4 5 l. 5 9
6 9 3 2 5 5 1 9
+ 1 9 + 2 9 + 1 9 + 4 2
74 80 82 89 91 92 93 96 97 98 117 107 120 119 122

3. Find the total bill.
a. Two shirts at $17 each; b. Three buckets for c. Two shovels for $24 each;
a pair of jeans for $49. $17 each. two rakes for $19 each.
d. A phone for $89, a e. Two adult tickets for f. A child's meal for $19
phone cover for $12, $36 each, 2 children's and three adult meals
and chocolate for $7. tickets for $23 each. for $29 each.
4. Find the errors in a.

33 b. 55
these additions, and
correct them. + 48 + 39
711 814

5. Solve the problems. You need to add or subtract.
a. One bus has 35 people on it, and another has 22.

How many more people does the first one have than the second?
b. A bus had some people in it. Then, 13 more people

got on. Now there are 19 people on the bus.
How many were on the bus originally?
c. One bus can seat 40 people. There were already 33 people.

Is there room for nine more people?
Yes/No, because
d. One bus can seat 40 people.

How many buses do you need for 76 people?
How many buses do you need for 99 people?
e. A bus was full with 40 people, but then six people got off.
How many people are on the bus now?
f. A bus was full with 40 people. First it dropped off 3 people.

Then it dropped off seven more people. How many people
were left on the bus?

6. Add. a. 3 9 b. 3 3 c. 1 7 d. 5 5
1 5 4 8 3 7 1 8
1 8 1 6 2 5 1 5
+ 2 8 + 1 3 + 3 4 + 2 7
7. Are these numbers even or odd? Mark an “X”. If the number is even, write it as a double
of some number.
Number Even? Odd? As a double: Number Even? Odd? As a double:
8 X 4+4 18
16 24
100 15
19 21
Skip-count from 25 (in the

middle) to the outer edge.
Each sector has a different
skip-counting pattern—
either by 2s, by 3s, by 4s,
by 5s, or by 10s.

Regrouping in Subtraction, Part 1
We will now study regrouping
Break
(also called “borrowing”) in a ten.
subtraction.
As a first step, we break a
ten-pillar into ten little cubes. 4 tens 5 ones 3 tens 15 ones
This is called regrouping,
because one ten “changes First we have 45. Now we have 3 tens
groups” from the tens group We “break” one and 15 ones. It is still
ten-pillar into 45, but written in a
into the ones. little cubes. different way.
Here is another example. First Break

we have 5 tens 3 ones. We a ten.
“break” one ten-pillar into
10 little cubes. We end up
with 4 tens 13 ones. 5 tens 3 ones 4 tens 13 ones
1. Break a ten into 10 ones. What do you get? Draw or use manipulatives to help.
a. b.
3 tens 0 ones ___tens ____ones ___ tens ____ones ___ tens ____ones
c. d.
___ tens ____ones ___tens ____ones ___ tens ____ones ___ tens ____ones
e. f.
___ tens ____ones ___tens ____ones ___ tens ____ones ___ tens ____ones

Let's study subtraction. The pictures Break
on the right illustrate 45 – 17. a ten.
First, a ten is broken into 10 ones.
So, 4 tens 5 ones becomes
3 tens 15 ones. 4 tens 5 ones 3 tens 15 ones
After that, cross out (subtract) Cross out 1 ten 7 ones (from the second picture).
1 ten 7 ones. What is left? ____ tens ____ ones
The pictures on the right Break

illustrate 52 – 39. a ten.
First, a ten is broken into 10 ones.
So, 5 tens 2 ones becomes
4 tens 12 ones. 5 tens 2 ones 4 tens 12 ones
After that, cross out (subtract) Cross out 3 tens 9 ones (from the second picture).
3 tens 9 ones. What is left? ____ tens ____ ones
2. Fill in. Always subtract (cross out some) from the second picture.
Break Break
a ten. a ten.
3 tens 6 ones 2 tens 16 ones ___ tens ___ ones ___ tens ___ ones
a. Subtract 8 ones (from the second picture). b. Subtract 2 tens 7 ones.
What is left? ____ tens ____ ones What is left? ____ tens ____ ones
Break Break
a ten. a ten.
___ tens ___ ones ___ tens ___ ones ___ tens ___ ones ___ tens ___ ones
c. Cross out 2 tens 5 ones. d. Cross out 4 tens 4 ones.
What is left? ____ tens ____ ones What is left? ____ tens ____ ones

3. First, break a ten. Then subtract ones and tens separately. Look at the example.
a. b.
5 tens 5 ones 4 tens 15 ones 7 tens 2 ones ___ tens ___ ones
– 3 tens 7 ones – 3 tens 5 ones
1 ten 8 ones ___ tens ___ ones

c. d.
6 tens 0 ones ___ tens ___ ones 6 tens 4 ones ___ tens ___ ones
___ tens ___ ones ___ tens ___ ones

e. f.
7 tens 6 ones ___ tens ___ ones 5 tens 0 ones ___ tens ___ ones

g. h.
8 tens 1 one ___ tens ___ ones 6 tens 3 ones ___ tens ___ ones
4. Jessica had 27 colored pencils and her brother and sister had none. Then Jessica gave
10 of them to her brother, and four to her sister.
a. How many pencils does Jessica have now?
b. How many more pencils does Jessica have than her brother?
c. How many more pencils does Jessica have than her sister?

In columns:
4 13
5 3
5 tens, 3 ones 4 tens, 13 ones – 1 6
Cross out 1 ten 6 ones. What is left? ____ tens ____ ones 3 7
When the subtraction is done in columns:

• We take (borrow) one ten from the 5 tens. There will be now only 4 tens in the
tens column, so to show this, we cross the “5” in the tens column and write 4
above it.
• This new ten is now grouped with the ones. There were 3 ones, but with the 10
new ones there will be 13. To show this, we also cross the “3” in the ones
column and write 13 above it.
• Then we subtract the tens and ones separately.
3 10
4 0
– 2 8
4 tens 3 tens, 10 ones
1 2
Cross out 2 tens 8 ones. What is left? ___ tens ___ ones
Here is another example: 40 – 28.

• We take (borrow) one ten from the 4 tens. There will be now only 3 tens in the
tens column, so to show this, we cross the “4” in the tens column and write 3
above it.
• This new ten is now grouped with the ones. There were 0 ones, but with the 10
new ones there will be 10. To show this, we also cross the “0” in the ones
column and write 10 above it.
• Then we subtract the tens and ones separately in columns.

1. Regroup first. Then subtract.
a. 6 tens 0 ones → ____ tens ____ ones b. 7 tens 1 one → ____ tens ____ ones
Take away 6 0 Take away 7 1

3 tens, 9 ones. – 3 9 1 ten, 6 ones. – 1 6
c. 3 tens, 5 ones → ____ tens ____ ones d. 8 tens → ____ tens ____ ones

1 ten, 7 ones. – 1 7 3 tens, 4 ones. – 3 4
e. 7 tens, 6 ones → ____ tens ____ ones f. 9 tens → ____ tens ____ ones
7 6 Take away 9 0
Take away
5 tens, 1 one.
4 tens, 8 ones. – 4 8 – 5 1
g. 5 tens, 4 ones → ____ tens ____ ones h. 8 tens → ____ tens ____ ones
Take away Take away

2 tens, 5 ones. – 4 tens, 7 ones. –
i. 7 tens, 4 ones → ____ tens ____ ones j. 4 tens 7 ones → ____ tens ____ ones
Take away Take away

3 tens, 8 ones. – 2 tens, 9 ones. –

2. Subtract. Check by adding the result and what was subtracted.
a. Check: b. Check: c. Check:

4 16 1
5 6 2 9 9 0 4 2
– 2 7 + 2 7 – 2 8 + 2 8 – 1 5 + 1 5
2 9 5 6
d. 9 0 e. 8 2 f. 6 5
– 3 5 – 2 5 – 3 9
g. 5 2 h. 6 5 i. 7 0
– 1 4 – 2 6 – 4 8
j. 5 5 k. 3 1 l. 6 6
– 1 7 – 1 8 – 2 8
Figure out the missing numbers in these subtractions!

You might need to regroup.
3 8 0 6 2
– 1 – 7 – 3 – 1 4 –
7 5 1 6 4 2 6 8 5 3

Sometimes we need to regroup in
subtraction, and sometimes not.
Do you need Do you need
to regroup?
6 1 to regroup?
7 4
Check carefully in the ones
column. Are there enough ones
– 2 6 – 2 3
YES / NO YES / NO
to do the subtraction, or not?
If not, you need to regroup.
1. Look at the ones' digits. Do you need to regroup (borrow a ten in the ones' column)?
a. Do you need 5 4 b. Do you need 5 0 c. Do you need 8 2

to regroup? – 3 2 to regroup? – 2 5 to regroup? – 5 6
YES / NO YES / NO YES / NO
2. Subtract. Regroup if necessary. Find the answers in the line of numbers below.
a. Do you need 6 0 b. Do you need 5 7 c. Do you need 4 3

to regroup? to regroup? to regroup?
– 1 6 – 3 2 – 1 7
YES / NO YES / NO YES / NO
d. 8 0 e. 9 7 f. 8 1 g. 3 7 h. 6 0
– 2 8 – 2 5 – 5 7 – 2 7 – 4 1
44 26 19 25 24 72 10 52 25
3. Subtract mentally.
a. 64 – 20 = _______ b. 77 – 71 = _______ c. 98 – 6 = _______
98 – 50 = _______ 45 – 40 = _______ 50 – 46 = _______

The number line arrows illustrate the subtraction 23 – 7. The first, red, arrow goes
from 0 to 23. The second, blue, arrow goes 7 steps backwards from 23 and ends at
16.
4. Write the subtractions illustrated by the arrows on the number line.
a.
b.
c.
5. Draw arrows to illustrate these subtractions on the number line.
a. 22 – 9 = ____
b. 36 – 12 = ____
c. 44 – 17 = ____

Remember, subtraction and addition are
connected. For example, 9 – 4 = 5 and
5 + 4 = 9.
You can use this connection, and check each
subtraction by adding.
Add the answer you got and the number you
subtracted. You should get the number you
subtracted from.
For example, to check if 68 – 45 is really 23,
add 23 + 45 and check if you get 68.
6. Subtract. Regroup if necessary. Check each subtraction by adding your answer

and the number you subtracted.
a. 8 14 b.
9 4 5 9 8 2
– 3 5 + 3 5 – 2 5 + 2 5
5 9
c. d.
6 1 9 9
– 4 9 + 4 9 – 5 7 + 5 7
e. f.
6 0 6 6
– 2 3 + 2 3 – 4 8 + 4 8
g. h.
5 4 8 5
– 4 1 + – 3 9 +

7. Solve. IF you subtract, check the answer by adding (you will not subtract in every problem).
a. Emily picked 29 rows of strawberries

and Jim picked 13 rows of strawberries.
How many more rows of strawberries
did Emily pick?
b. Judith sold 35 tickets for the county fair

and Peter sold 62 tickets. How many
more tickets did Peter sell than Judith?
c. Judith sold 35 tickets for the county fair

and Peter sold 62 tickets. How many
tickets did they sell together?
d. A pretty doll with a blue dress costs $28,

and a different doll with a pink dress
costs $12 more than that. How much
does that doll cost?
e. Bill bought two bicycle chains for $18 each and

a saddle for $49. How much was the total cost?

Word Problems
“More” in word problems
Study carefully these problems. They all use the word MORE, but they are different!
Solve each problem with your teacher or on your own, if you can. In each problem
think first, “WHO has more?” (If the problems are difficult, drawing the situations may help also.)
• Anna has 12 sheep. Her neighbor has 7 more sheep than Anna.
How many sheep does the neighbor have?
• Anna has 7 more sheep than her neighbor. Anna has 12 sheep.
• Anna has 12 sheep, and her neighbor has 7.

How many more sheep does Anna have than her neighbor?
1. Solve. Think if you need addition or subtraction.
a. Isabella has a flock of 15 goats. Her neighbor Andy has 18 goats.

How many more goats does Andy have than Isabella?
b. Isabella has a flock of 15 goats. Her neighbor Sandy has 8 more goats than Isabella.
How many goats does Sandy have?
c. Isabella has 15 goats, which is 5 more than what Henry has.

How many goats does Henry have?
d. Christopher has 27 cows, and Daniel has 16 more than that.

How many cows does Daniel have?

“Fewer” (or “less”) in word problems
FEWER is the opposite of MORE. These three problems all use the word FEWER,
but they are different! Solve each problem with your teacher or on your own, if you
can. In each problem think first, “WHO has more?”
• Anna has 12 sheep. Her neighbor has 7 fewer sheep than Anna.
• Anna has 7 fewer sheep than her neighbor. Anna has 12 sheep.
• Anna has 7 sheep, and her neighbor has 12.

How many fewer sheep does Anna have than her neighbor?
2. Solve. Think if you need addition or subtraction.
a. Joe has 27 tennis balls and Mason has 5 fewer tennis balls
than Joe. How many tennis balls does Mason have?
b. Joe has 27 tennis balls, which is 7 less than what Logan has.
How many tennis balls does Logan have?
c. Liz wants to buy a blue dress that costs $41.

A white dress, costs $13 less than that.
And a yellow dress costs $3 less than the
white dress.
How much does the yellow dress cost?
d. Find how much it is if Liz buys both the blue

and the yellow dress.

3. Subtract mentally.
a. 30 – 28 = _______ d. 70 – 63 = _______ g. 56 – 5 = _______
b. 52 – 30 = _______ e. 70 – 6 = _______ h. 18 – 7 = _______
c. 98 – 90 = _______ f. 100 – 5 = _______ i. 46 – 4 = _______
4. Solve. You may need to both add and subtract.
a. Ryan rode his horse for 11 km each day for

two days. Zoe rode her horse for 8 km each
day for two days.
In two days, how many kilometers less did

Zoe ride hers than what Ryan rode his?
b. Mia owns 32 dolls and her friend Ava has less.

Actually, Ava has 8 fewer dolls than Mia.
How many dolls do the girls have in total?
Find out what number the triangle means.

You are solving equations!
a. 63 + = 71 b. 80 − = 54 c. − 10 = 40
= __________ = __________ = __________
Write your own “triangle problems” (equations), and let a friend solve them.
d. e. f.
= __________ = __________ = __________

Mental Subtraction, Part 1
Method 1: Subtract in two parts
53 – 8 72 – 6
= 53 – 3 – 5 = 72 – 2 – 4
= 50 – 5 = 45 = 70 – 4 = 66
Subtract 8 in two parts: first 3, then 5. Subtract 6 in two parts: first 2, then 4.
In other words, first subtract to the previous whole ten, then the rest.
1. Subtract the elevated number in parts first subtract to the previous whole ten; then the rest.
−5 −7
/ \ / \
a. 51 − 1 − 4 = ______ b. 62 − ____ − ____ = ______
−4 −5
/ \ / \
c. 33 − ____ − ____ = ______ d. 92 − ____ − ____ = ______
−6 −7
/ \ / \
e. 75 − ____ − ____ = ______ f. 63 − ____ − ____ = ______
−7 −5
/ \ / \
g. 35 − ____ − ____ = ______ h. 74 − ____ − ____ = ______
2. First subtract the balls that are not in the ten-groups.
a. 51 − 7 = _______ b. 42 − 4 = _______
51 − 5 = _______ 42 − 5 = _______
51 − 3 = _______ 42 − 3 = _______
51 − 6 = _______ 42 − 6 = _______

Method 2: Use known subtraction facts
Since 14 – 6 = 8, we know that the answer to 74 – 6 will end in 8,

but it will be in the sixties sixty-something. So it is 68.
Since 15 – 8 = 7, we know that the answer to 55 – 8 will end in 7,
but it will be in the forties forty-something. So it is 47.
3. Subtract. The first problem in each box is a “helping problem” for the others.
a. 14 – 9 = _______ b. 17 – 8 = _______ c. 12 – 9 = _______
24 – 9 = _______ 27 – 8 = _______ 52 – 9 = _______
44 – 9 = _______ 37 – 8 = _______ 32 – 9 = _______
d. 15 – 9 = _______ e. 13 – 8 = _______ f. 16 – 8 = _______
65 – 9 = _______ 33 – 8 = _______ 86 – 8 = _______
45 – 9 = _______ 93 – 8 = _______ 36 – 8 = _______
4. a. Amy has $32. She bought a comic book for $7.

How much does she have now?
b. Peter had $29. A toy train he wants costs $39.

Mom paid him $5 for working. How much more
does Peter now need to buy the train?
c. A flower shop has 55 roses. Eight of them are white,

and the rest are red. How many are red?
5. Use either method from this lesson to subtract.
a. b. c. d.
34 – 5 = ______ 65 – 9 = ______ 51 – 8 = ______ 62 – 7 = ______
73 – 7 = ______ 36 – 8 = ______ 93 – 6 = ______ 83 – 8 = ______

Mental Subtraction, Part 2
Method 3: Add.
You can “add backwards”. This works well if the two numbers are close to each other.
Instead of subtracting, think how much you need to add to the number being
subtracted (the subtrahend) in order to get the number you are subtracting from (the
minuend).
Think: 84 + ____ = 92 +____ Think: 25 + ___ = 75 +___

(84 and how many (25 and how many
more makes 92?) 92 – 84 = _____ more makes 75?) 75 – 25 = _____
1. To find these differences, think of adding more.
+ 8 +____ +____
a. 92 – 84 =______ b. 51 – 49 =______ c. 76 – 69 =______
(Think: 84 + ____ = 92) (Think: 49 + ___ = 51) (Think: 69 + ___ = 76)
d. 32 – 28 = ______ g. 90 – 83 = ______ j. 100 – 95 = ______
e. 22 – 14 = ______ h. 64 – 56 = ______ k. 64 – 55 = ______
f. 53 – 46 = ______ i. 72 – 65 = ______ l. 44 – 37 = ______
2. Solve. Think if you need addition or subtraction—or both.
a. Jerry has 46 toy cars. Larry has 7 more than Jerry, and Mickey
has 7 less than Jerry. How many toy cars does Larry have?
And Mickey?
b. Andy has $33. He bought a gift for his mom that cost $28.
Then, Andy got $5 from his dad for helping with car repairs.
How much money does Andy have now?

Method 4: Subtract in parts: tens and ones
Break the number being subtracted into its tens and ones. Subtract in parts.
53 – 21 87 – 46
= 53 – 20 – 1 = 87 – 40 – 6
= 33 – 1 = 32 = 47 – 6 = 41
First subtract 20, then 1. First subtract 40, then 6.
3. Solve.
a. 78 – 22 b. 56 – 31 c. 46 – 25
THINK: 78 – 20 – 2 THINK: 56 – 30 – 1 46 – _____ – ___
= ______ = ______ = ______

d. 66 – 43 e. 28 – 12 f. 84 – 52
66 – ______ – ____ 28 – ______ – ____ 84 – ______ – ____
= ______ = ______ = ______
g. 99 – 66 = ______ h. 47 – 34 = ______ i. 78 – 67 = ______
4. a. Noah counted books on his bookshelf. One shelf had 34 books. Another had 42.
How many more books did that shelf have than the first?
b. Noah took four books from the second shelf and put them on the first one.
Now how many more books does the second shelf have than the first?
5. Draw arrows to illustrate the subtraction on the number line.
35 – 18 = ______

Method 5: Subtract in parts: tens and ones
Break BOTH the number you subtract from AND the number being
subtracted into its tens and ones. Subtract the tens. Subtract the ones.
53 – 21 76 – 33
= 50 – 20 and 3 – 1 = 70 – 30 and 6 – 3
= 30 and 2 = 32 = 40 and 3 = 43
6. Solve.
a. 67 – 53 b. 92 – 31 c. 85 – 22
60 – 50 and 7 – 3 90 – 30 and 2 – 1 80 – 20 and ___ – ___
= ______ = ______ = ______
d. 88 – 62 = ______ e. 57 – 23 = ______ f. 79 – 17 = ______
7. a. Terry is on page 52 of her book. The book has a total of 95 pages.

How many pages does she have left to read?
b. Terry reads nine pages more. Now how many

pages does she have left to read?
8. Devise your own method for these subtractions. Explain how your method works.
a. 52 – 36 b. 81 – 47
The triangle and square represent “mystery numbers.”

Find them. Guess and check! Then change your guess.
a. b. + = 22 c. + = 22
+ + 10 = 34 – =4 + = 36
= ______ = _____, = _____ = _____, = _____

Review
1. Add in parts. Break the number that is not whole tens into its tens and ones in your mind.
a. 17 + 10 = _______ b. 16 + 20 = _______ c. 50 + 14 = _______
42 + 10 = _______ 67 + 20 = _______ 30 + 45 = _______
2. Add.
a. 27 + 8 = _______ b. 18 + 9 = _______ c. 5 + 87 = _______
54 + 7 = _______ 73 + 8 = _______ 7 + 88 = _______
3. Add by adding tens and ones separately.
a. 36 + 22 b. 72 + 18
30 + 20 + 6 + 2 70 + 10 + 2 + 8
______ + ______ = _______ ______ + ______ = _______
c. 54 + 37 d. 24 + 55
50 + 30 + 4 + 7 ___ + ___ + __ + __
_______ + _______ = _______ _______ + _______ = _______
4. Solve the problems.
a. Diane and Ted picked fruit for Mr. Mohan. Diane earned $25 and
Ted earned double that. How much did Ted earn?
How much did the two earn together?
b. Emily has 24 flower plants in her yard. Leah has half that many.
How many flower plants does Leah have?

5. Add.
a. 4 3 b. 3 3 c. 2 4 d. 2 3 e. 5 5
+ 2 8 + 3 9 + 4 7 + 3 8 + 1 7
f. g. h. i. 3 8 j. 2 7
3 8 3 9 4 1 7 3 6
1 3 1 0 4 4 4 9 1 9
+ 4 2 + 4 6 + 3 6 + 2 3 + 3 5
6. Solve.
a. Naomi bought some b. If you buy three c. Anna has 29 stickers and so
potatoes for $18, onions chairs for $34 each, does Betty. Ruth has 22 and
for $15, and meat for $40. what is the total bill? Judy has 26. How many
What was the total cost? stickers are there total?
d. Andy had $47 in his wallet. He earned $15 by selling lemonade.

Now can he buy a remote-controlled toy car for $65?
If yes, how much money would he have left after buying it?
If not, how much more money would he need?

Math Mammoth Add & Subtract 2-B Answers
Adding Within the Same Ten, p. 7

1.
a. 31 + 3 = 34 b. 32 + 6 = 38
c. 43 + 3 = 46 d. 47 + 2 = 49
2.
a. 5 + 2 = 7 b. 4 + 5 = 9 c. 3 + 6 = 9
35 + 2 = 37 64 + 5 = 69 93 + 6 = 99
3.
a. 52 + 7 = 59 b. 33 + 1 = 34 c. 11 + 5 = 16
2 + 7 =9 3+1=4 1+5=6
4.
a. 35 + 3 b. 12 + 6 c. 57 + 1 d. 64 + 3
ones tens ones tens ones tens ones

3 5 1 2 5 7 6 4
+ ↓ 3 + ↓ 6 + ↓ 1 + ↓ 3
3 8 1 8 5 8 6 7
5.
a. 26 + 3 b. 72 + 4 c. 65 + 4 d. 81 + 4

2 6 7 2 6 5 8 1
+ ↓ 3 + ↓ 4 + ↓ 4 + ↓ 4
2 9 7 6 6 9 8 5
6.
a. b. c. d.
6+2=8 4+3=7 5+4= 9 11 + 7 = 18
16 + 2 = 18 24 + 3 = 27 45 + 4 = 49 61 + 7 = 68
36 + 2 = 38 34 + 3 = 37 65 + 4 = 69 41 + 7 = 48
7.
a. b. c.
20 + 5 + 2 = 27 93 + 1 + 5 = 99 100 + 4 + 5 =109
44 + 2 + 2 = 48 83 + 4 + 3 = 90 52 + 4 + 2 = 58

8.
a. b. c.
18 = 10 + 8 32 = 30 + 2 66 = 60 + 6
25 = 20 + 5 95 = 90 + 5 89 = 9 + 80
55 = 50 + 5 49 = 40 + 9 78 = 8 + 70
9.
a. 24 + 3 < 24 + 5 c. 17 + 2 < 19 + 2 e. 58 < 8 + 51

b. 83 + 5 = 85 + 3 d. 36 + 4 < 46 + 4 f. 66 = 5 + 61
Puzzle Corner. The one marked with ? is the comparison you cannot do without knowing the mystery number.
Why is that? Because the comparison depends on the value of the star. If is a large number, such as 100, then
+ > + 20. But if is a small number such as 2, then + < + 20.
+5 > +4 –5 < –4 –5 <
+2 < +7 –5 > –6 + ? + 20
Subtracting Within the Same Ten, p. 10

1. a. 6, 26 b. 1, 11 c. 0, 60 d. 0, 50 e. 1, 41 f. 3, 93
2. a. 52, 2 b. 74, 6 − 2 = 4 c. 84, 8 − 4 = 4
3. a. 31, 32, 33 b. 50, 52, 54 c. 46, 44, 42 d. 33, 32, 30
4. a. 71, 21 b. 45, 74 c. 53, 84 d. 12, 94
5. a. 5, 6, 7 b. 1, 1, 4 c. 4, 3, 7
6. a. She sold 28 pictures in all. 21 + 7 = 28
b. She has two left. 28 + 2 = 30 or 30 − 28 = 2
c. At 7:30. She took three hours, and three hours later than 4:30 is 7:30.
7. a. 37 − 7 = 30 b. 46 − 6 = 40 c. 28 − 8 = 20
d. 57 − 7 = 50 e. 85 − 5 = 80 f. 69 − 9 = 60
8.
a. 50 + 7 = 57 b. 86 + 2 = 88 c. 79 – 9 = 70
d. 25 – 5 = 20 e. 90 – 5 = 85 f. 42 = 40 + 2
9. a. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50

b. 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31, 36, 41
c. 3, 8, 13, 18, 23, 28, 33, 38, 43

10.
a. b. c.
88 – 0 = 88 95 – 2 = 93 48 – 1 = 47
88 – 1 = 87 85 – 2 = 83 46 – 1 = 45
88 – 2 = 86 75 – 2 = 73 44 – 1 = 43
88 – 3 = 85 65 – 2 = 63 42 – 1 = 41
88 – 4 = 84 55 – 2 = 53 40 – 1 = 39
88 – 5 = 83 45 – 2 = 43 38 – 1 = 37
88 – 6 = 82 35 – 2 = 33 36 – 1 = 35
88 – 7 = 81 25 – 2 = 23 34 – 1 = 33
Add and Subtract Two-Digit Numbers, p. 13

1. a. 28 b. 6 c. 11 d. 15 e. 14 f. 22
2. a. 55 b. 51 c. 67 d. 48 e. 29 f. 66
3. a. b. c.
35 + 20 = 55 40 + 17 = 57 33 – 20 = 13
76 + 30 = 106 30 + 33 = 63 78 – 50 = 28
22 + 50 = 72 56 – 20 = 36 99 – 40 = 59
4. a. tens ones b. tens ones c. tens ones d. tens ones

4 2 5 3 2 5 3 5
+ 2 4 + 6 + 5 3 + 4
6 6 5 9 7 8 3 9
5. a. tens ones b. tens ones c. tens ones d. tens ones

9 5 5 8 2 5 7 9
– 2 0 – 2 6 – 3 – 6 4
7 5 3 2 2 2 1 5
6. a. 17 + 21 b. 34 + 14 c. 51 + 7 d. 32 + 5
1 7 3 4 5 1 3 2
+ 2 1 + 1 4 + 7 + 5
3 8 4 8 5 8 3 7
7. a. 24 b. 13 c. 22 d. 12

8.
a. tens ones b. tens ones c. tens ones

2 4 2 3 2 6
+ 1 3 + 2 5 + 4 1
3 7 4 8 6 7
d. tens ones e. tens ones f. tens ones

2 4 1 5 3 4
+ 4 + 2 1 + 4 0
2 8 3 6 7 4
9. a. 50, 80, 80 b. 100, 60, 30 c. 20, 20, 50

10.
a. 57 – 21 b. 74 – 14 c. 59 – 7 d. 99 – 58
5 7 7 4 5 9 9 9
− 2 1 − 1 4 − 7 − 5 8
3 6 6 0 5 2 4 1
11.
a. Seventeen fish were 2 8

put into the freezer.
− 1 1
1 7
b. You have to pay $56. 2 2

+ 3 4
5 6
c. Mom is 27 years older 3 8

than John.
− 1 1
2 7
d. Matt has 28 colored 2 2

pencils now.
6
2 8
Subtract from Whole Tens, p. 17

1. a. 36, 34, 33, 32 b. 25, 26, 21, 24 c. 48, 42, 47, 44 d. 53, 51, 59, 56
2. a. 70 – 10 – 10 – 10 = 40 b. 90 – 20 – 20 – 20 = 30
3. 10 → 60 → 100 → 80 → 20 → 40 → 10 → 30 → 90 → 60
4. a. 64, 65, 68 b. 42, 43, 44 c. 39, 38, 37 d. 95, 93, 91

5.
a. 10 – 2 = 8 b. 60 – 5 = 55 c. 25 – 4 = 21
10 + 2 = 12 60 + 5 = 65 25 + 4 = 29
6. a. 20 – 16 = 4 pencils
b. 17 – 7 = 10 bushes
c. 20 – 13 = 7. Julie has 7 more stones than Carmen.
18 – 13 = 5. Jane has 5 more stones than Carmen.
13 + 7 = 20. Carmen needs seven more stones.
Doubling, p. 19
1. a. 4 + 4 = 8 b. 6 + 6 = 12 c. 8 + 8 = 16 7. Each girl gets 4. First add 5 + 3 = 8. Eight is double 4.
d. 10 + 10 = 20 e. 30 + 30 = 60 f. 50 + 50 = 100
8. 13 20 19 8 15 16
2.
9.
a. 2 2 b. 3 4 c. 1 3 d. 4 1
+ 2 2 + 3 4 + 1 3 + 4 1 a. 8 = 4 + 4 b. 10 = 5+ 5 c. 4 = 2 + 2
4 4 6 8 2 6 8 2 d. 12 = 6 + 6 e. 14 = 7 + 7 f. 16 = 8 + 8
3. 10.
Double 1 = 2 6 + 6 = 12 11 + 11 = 22
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Double 2 = 4 7 + 7 = 14 12 + 12 = 24
Double 3 = 6 8 + 8 = 16 13 + 13 = 26 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Double 4 = 8 9 + 9 = 18 14 + 14 = 28
Double 5 = 10 10 + 10 = 20 15 + 15 = 30 11. Each woman will make 10 dolls.
12. Each teacher will get 14 worksheets.
4. Each child will make 8 sandwiches.
13. You get 5 slices. First add 7 + 3 = 10.
5. You get 6 grapes.
14. A double batch of brownies makes 32 brownies.
6. Mary moved 8 spaces. Andrea moved 12 spaces.
One-Half, p. 22
1. a. b.
2. a. b. c. d. e.
3.
a. 5 + 5 = 10 b. 20 + 20 = 40 c. 12 + 12 = 24
1 1 1
of 10 is 5. of 40 is 20. of 24 is 12.
2 2 2

4.
1
6 + 6 = 12 11 + 11 = 22 of 16 is 8.
2
1
7 + 7 = 14 12 + 12 = 24 of 28 is 14.
2
1
8 + 8 = 16 13 + 13 = 26 of 26 is 13.
2
9 + 9 = 18 14 + 14 = 28 1
of 30 is 15.
2
10 + 10 = 20 15 + 15 = 30 1
of 22 is 11.
2
5.
a. b. c. d.
1 1 1 1
of 30 is 15. of 80 is 40. of 48 is 24. of 48 is 24.
2 2 2 2
6. a. Each one got $30.

10 + 10 = 20
b. 50 students were not sick. 15 + 15 = 30
c. Missie has $10 now. 20 + 20 = 40
d. Mom had 20 apples originally. 25 + 25 = 50
30 + 30 = 60
35 + 35 = 70
40 + 40 = 80
Pictographs, p. 24
1. a. Jim rode the most miles. Jim rode 70 miles.
b. The boys that rode the least miles were Greg and Ernest. Greg rode 15 miles. Ernest rode 25 miles.
c. Matthew rode 10 more miles than Dan.
d. Dan rode 25 more miles than Greg.
2.

3. a.
How many?
oranges 15
mangos 21
bananas 24
b. 15 + 24 = 39 oranges and bananas together.

c. Three more bananas than mangos.
4. Answers will vary. Possible questions:
How many points did Mark get? How many points did Aaron get?
How many more points did Aaron get than Jack?
Who got most points? Who got least points?
How many points did the winner get?
How many points more did the winner get than Jack?
How many points did Mark and Aaron get in total?
5. Answers will vary.
Adding with Whole Tens, p. 26

1. a. 64 b. 59 + 20 = 79 c. 34 + 50 = 84
d. 20 + 13 = 33 e. 40 + 26 = 66 f. 30 + 34 = 64
2. a. 44 b. 10 + 20 + 8 = 38 c. 20 + 20 + 4 = 44 d. 30 + 20 + 1 = 51 e. 50 + 10 + 7 = 67
f. 40 + 30 + 3 = 73 g. 60 + 20 + 3 = 83 h. 30 + 30 + 7 = 67 i. 70 + 20 + 5 = 95
3. a. 65 b. 47, (20 + 7 + 20) c. 85, (40 + 5 + 40) d. 76 e. 66 f. 98 g. 97 h. 98 i. 79
4. Answers will vary. For example, add first 20 and 60 to get 80. Then add 1 to that, to get 81.
5.
5 + 5 = 10 30 + 30 = 60
10 + 10 = 20 35 + 35 = 70
15 + 15 = 30 40 + 40 = 80
20 + 20 = 40 45 + 45 = 90
25 + 25 = 50 50 + 50 = 100
6. She has 15 books left to read. The student can use the chart above to find half of 30.
7. The total cost is $40 + $10 + $20 = $70. Gwen paid $35. The student can use the chart above to find half of 70.
8. He has $61 – $30 = $31 left.
9. a. 10, 40, 30 b. 20, 10, 30 c. 40, 30, 70

10. What do you notice? When you add 10, 20, 30, or 40 to an even number, the answer is also an even number.
When you add 10, 20, 30, or 40 to an odd number, the answer is also an odd number.
+ 10 + 20 + 30 + 40
12 22 19 39 32 62 37 77
E E O O E E O O
+ 40 + 30 + 20 + 10
23 63 58 88 7 27 85 95
O O E E O O O O
20 + 30 + 20 = 70 10 + 50 + 10 = 70
Puzzle Corner: + + + + + +
40 + 40 + 20 = 100 20 + 40 + 40 = 100
+ + + + + +
Here are
two solutions. 20 + 30 + 20 = 70 50 + 10 + 10 = 70
There are more. = = = = = =
80 100 60 80 100 60
Subtracting Whole Tens, p. 29

1. a. 20 b. 35 c. 26
2. a. 76, 66, 56, 46, 36, 26, 16 b. 72, 62, 52, 42, 32, 22, 12
3. a. 13, 3 b. 28, 18 c. 46, 26 d. 65, 55 e. 21, 11 f. 41, 31
4.
a. 88 – 10 = 78 b. 100 – 60 = 40 c. 34 – 10 = 24
88 – 20 = 68 90 – 50 = 40 44 – 20 = 24
88 – 30 = 58 80 – 40 = 40 54 – 30 = 24
88 – 40 = 48 70 – 30 = 40 64 – 40 = 24
88 – 50 = 38 60 – 20 = 40 74 – 50 = 24
88 – 60 = 28 50 – 10 = 40 84 – 60 = 24
88 – 70 = 18 40 – 0 = 40 94 – 70 = 24
5. a. 30 kg + 18 kg + 20 kg = 68 kg.
b. $30 + $30 + $30 = $90. No, he cannot.
c. The books cost $30 in total. $50 – $30 = $20. He has $20 left.
Puzzle corner: There are many solutions for both.
40 + 50 = 90 50 – 10 = 40
– – + +
10 + 20 = 30 30 – 0 = 30
= = = =
30 30 80 10
30 + 60 = 90 45 – 5 = 40
– – + +
0 + 30 = 30 35 – 5 = 30
= = = =
30 30 80 10

Completing the Next Ten, p. 31
1 + 9 = 10 8 + 2 = 10 3 + 7 = 10
Review:
7 + 3 = 10 5 + 5 = 10 6 + 4 = 10
What numbers make 10?
4 + 6 = 10 9 + 1 = 10 2 + 8 = 10
1. a. 33 + 7 = 40 b. 43 + 7 = 50 c. 27 + 3 = 30 d. 36 + 4 = 40 e. 62 + 8 = 70 f. 54 + 6 = 60
2.
a. b. c.
10 , 13, 20 50 , 57, 60 40 , 46, 50
d. e. f.
80 , 81, 90 70 , 78, 80 90 , 94, 100
3. a. 56 + 4 = 60 b. 35 + 5 = 40 c. 49 + 1 = 50
4.
a. 3 + 7 = 10 b. 4 + 6 = 10 c. 7 + 3 = 10
23 + 7 = 30 44 + 6 = 50 17 + 3 = 20
5. a. 7 b. 9 c. 6 d. 2 e. 6 f. 4 g. 3 h. 5 i. 8 j. 2 k. 9 l. 1
6.
a. b. c.
36 + 4 = 40 57 + 3 = 60 83 + 7 = 90
40 − 4 = 36 60 − 3 = 57 90 − 7 = 83
d. e.
66 + 4 = 70 95 + 5 = 100
70 − 4 = 66 100 − 5 = 95
7. a. 30 + 7 + 3 = 40. Jeanine needs three more dollars.

b. 20 + 10 + 10 = 40. Derek needs ten more dollars.
c. 12 + 20 + 8 = 40. Muhammad needs eight more dollars.
Puzzle corner. Answers will vary because there are many possible solutions. These are just two example solutions.
100 – 10 – 50 = 40 100 – 30 – 30 = 40
– + + – + +
30 + 30 + 30 = 90 30 + 10 + 50 = 90
= = = = = =
70 40 80 70 40 80

Going Over Ten, p. 34
1. a. 14 b. 17 c. 18 d. 13
2.
a. b. c.
7 + 8 = 15 8 + 8 = 16 6 + 5 = 11
d. e. f.
9 + 4 = 13 8 + 5 = 13 8 + 9 = 17
g. h.
7 + 7 = 14 9 + 9 = 18
3. a. 13 + 9 = 22 b. 15 + 8 = 23 c. 17 + 7 = 24
d. 24 + 7 = 31 e. 25 + 6 = 31 f. 37 + 9 = 46
g. 36 + 6 = 42 h. 48 + 4 = 52 i. 58 + 5 = 63
4.
a. 28 + 8 b. 47 + 5 c. 79 + 9
/ \ / \ / \
28 + 2 + 6 47 + 3 + 2 79 + 1 + 8
30 + 6 = 36 50 + 2 = 52 80 + 8 = 88
d. 39 + 3 e. 27 + 5 f. 38 + 7
/ \ / \ / \
39 + 1 + 2 27 + 3 + 2 38 + 2 + 5
40 + 2 = 42 30 + 2 = 32 40 + 5 = 45
5. a. 40 b. 42 c. 64 d. 35 e. 62 f. 61
6. a. 39 b. 40 c. 52 d. 38 e. 59 f. 62
7. a. b.
Count
Dad IIII 19
Mom III 28
Mary II 12
Mark 25
Angie I 36
c. Dad saw seven more

birds than Mary. 3 6
d. Angie saw 11 more
birds than Mark. − 2 5
1 1

Add with Two-Digit Numbers Ending in 9, p. 38
1.
1. a. 19 + 5 = 24 b. 29 + 7 = 36 c. 49 + 5 = 54
d. 29 + 8 = 37 e. 39 + 6 = 45 f. 49 + 9 = 58
2. a. 19 + 7 = 26 b. 49 + 3 = 52 c. 39 + 4 = 43
9 + 7 = 16 9 + 3 = 12 9 + 4 = 13
3. a. 12, 22 b. 15, 45 c. 13, 53 d. 16, 46, 36 e. 18, 78, 88 f. 14, 24, 64
The answers to the problems in each box end in the same digit.
4. a. 5, 6, 4, 9, 8, 7 b. 13, 17, 14, 15, 18, 16
c. 7, 9, 4, 6, 5, 8 d. 15, 13, 14, 11, 17, 12
5. a. 12 b. 14 c. 11
6.
+ 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8
a.
0 1 3 6 10 15 21 28 36
+ 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4
b.
24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
Add a Two-Digit Number and a Single-Digit Number Mentally, p. 40

1.
a. 18 + 6 = 24 b. 28 + 7 = 35 c. 48 + 8 = 56
d. 38 + 4 = 42 e. 38 + 6 = 44 f. 48 + 5 = 53
2.
a. 18 + 7 = 25 b. 38 + 6 = 44 c. 58 + 5 = 63
3. a. 11, 21 b. 14, 44 c. 12, 82 d. 10, 40, 30 e. 17, 77, 87 f. 13, 23, 63

The answers to the problems in each box end in the same digit.

4. a. 13, 33 b. 14, 84 c. 14, 94 d. 13, 43 e. 15, 35 f. 15, 55
5. To add 73 + 8, I can use the helping problem 3 + 8 = 11 . Then since
the answer to that is 1 more than 10, the answer to 73 + 8 is 1 more than 70 .
6. 42 b. 54 c. 64
7. a. She needs 14 more eggs. 10 + 14 = 24, or 24 – 10 = 14
;b. They have eaten 20 kilograms of potatoes. 25 – 5 = 20 OR 5 + 20 = 25
Regrouping with Tens, p. 42

1. a. 33 b. 25 c. 38 d. 27 e. 36 f. 25
+ 9 + 8 + 9 + 7 + 18 + 27
42 33 47 34 54 52
2. a. 13 b. 24 c. 35 d. 24 e. 44 f. 26 g. 25 h. 39
+ 29 + 38 + 19 + 47 + 17 + 36 + 55 + 35
42 62 54 71 61 62 80 74
3. a. 57 b. 72 c. 91 d. 98 e. 53 f. 93 g. 57 h. 90 i. 87 j. 95
4. a. 79 b. 87 c. 66 d. 87 e. 74
5. a. 13 + 9 + 11 = 33
b. 27 + 16 = 43
Add in Columns Practice, p. 45

1. a. 80 b. 91 c. 91 d. 70 e. 52 f. 78 g. 116 h. 94 i. 85 j. 49
2. a. 72 b. 64 c. 72 d. 70 e. 94 f. 62 g. 56 h. 74 i. 26 j. 66
3. a. 107 b. 142 c. 112 d. 146
4. a. 128 b. 155 c. 120 d. 147 e. 123 f. 109 g. 126 h. 147 i. 149 j. 137
5. a. 43 hours. Add in columns 27 + 16 = 43.
b. 13 more comic books. Subtract 29 - 16 = 13.
c. The first vase has 2 more flowers than the second. First add 13 + 11 = 24. Then figure out the
difference between 24 and 22 flowers - it is 2 flowers.
d. Caleb now has more money, $3 more. Add $24 + 20 = $44. Then figure out the difference of $44 and $41 -- it is $3.
e. His bill is $43. Add $13 + $9 + $21 = $43.
Mental Addition of Two-Digit Numbers, p. 48

1.
a. 20 + 34 = 54 b. 70 + 18 = 88 c. 50 + 27 = 77
20 + 30 + 4 70 + 10 + 8 50 + 20 + 7
2. a. 27, 36, 52 b. 36, 64, 87 c. 64, 83, 75

3. a. 15, 25, 45 b. 13, 23, 53 c. 12, 52, 82 d. 16, 66, 46

4.
a. 13 + 18 = 3 + 8 + 10 + 10 = 31 b. 15 + 15 = 5 + 5 + 10 + 10 = 30
c. 17 + 18 = 7 + 8 + 10 + 10 = 35 d. 19 + 15 = 9 + 5 + 10 + 10 = 34
e. 18 + 12 = 30 f. 13 + 16 = 29
g. 16 + 17 = 33 h. 17 + 15 = 32
5. a. Eight cats live outside. b. She needs 12 more pounds of cat food.
6. 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66
7.
+ 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + 14 + 16
1 3 7 13 21 31 43 57 73
8.
a. 36 + 22 b. 72 + 18
30 + 20 + 6 + 2 70 + 10 + 2 + 8
50 +8 = 58 80 + 10 = 90
c. 54 + 37 d. 24 + 55
50 + 30 + 4 + 7 20 +50 + 4 + 5
80 + 11 = 91 70 + 9 = 79
e. 36 + 36 f. 42 + 68 = 110
30 + 30 + 6 + 6
60 + 12 = 72
g. 45 + 18 = 63 h. 37 + 58 = 95
Puzzle corner:
a. 2 7 b. 6 8 c. 2 6 d. 1 3 e. 3 5
+ 1 4 + 3 + 2 5 + 7 8 + 2 6
4 1 7 1 5 1 9 1 6 1
Adding Three or Four Numbers Mentally, p. 51

1. a. 24 b. 22 c. 22 d. 21 e. 18 f. 16
Teaching box:
7 +5+ 3 +6= 6 + 9 +8+5= 9+ 8 + 8 +4=
10 + 11 = 21 15 + 13 = 28 16 + 4 + 9 = 29
2.
a. 8 + 8 + 2 + 8 b. 7 + 5 + 5 + 6 c. 4 + 7 + 2 + 5
= 16 + 10 = 13 + 10 =9+9
= 26 = 23 = 18
d. 6 + 7 + 9 + 8 e. 8 + 5 + 2 + 6 f. 4 + 5 + 3 + 9
= 15 + 15 = 10 + 11 = 9 + 12
= 30 = 21 = 21

3. a. 18 b. 24 c. 31 d. 23 e. 20 f. 19 g. 16 h. 21 i. 22
4. Madison took 25 photos of her friends.
5. 7 + 9 = 16, so yes they can share them equally. Each boy will get 8 cars.
6. 8 + 11 = 19 which is an odd number so, no they cannot share them equally.
7. a. 80 b. 71 c. 54 d. 47
8. a. < b. = c. = d. <
Adding Three or Four Numbers in Columns, p. 53

1. a. 17 b. 18 c. 23
2. a. 93 b. 92 c. 98 d. 82 e. 97 f. 96 g. 89 h. 80 i. 107 j. 117 k. 119 l. 120
3.
2
2 2 2 4
1 7 1 7 2 4
1 7 1 7 1 9
+ 4 9 + 1 7 + 1 9
8 3 5 1 8 6
a. Two shirts for $17 each; b. Three buckets for c. Two shovels for $24 each;
a pair of jeans for $49. $17 each. two rakes for $19 each.
1 3
1 3 6 1 9
8 9 3 6 2 9
1 2 2 3 2 9
+ 7 + 2 3 + 2 9
1 0 8 1 1 8 1 0 6
d. A phone for $89, a e. Two adult tickets for f. A child meal for $19 and
phone cover for $12, $36 each and two child three adult meals for
and chocolate for $7. tickets for $23 each. $29 each.
4. The person does not regroup (carry) but instead writes the sum of the ones directly under the line, and then adds the tens.
Right answers: a. 81 b. 94
5. a. 13 more people. 35 – 22 = 13
b. Originally there were 6 people. 6 + 13 = 19
c. No, because 33 + 9 is 42, which is more than 40.
d. You need 2 buses for 76 people because 40 + 40 = 80, and 80 is more than 76.
You need 3 buses for 99 people, because 40 + 40 = 80 is not enough, but 40 + 40 + 40 = 120 is enough.
e. Now there are 34 people. 40 – 6 = 34
f. There were 30 people left on the bus. 40 – 3 – 7 = 30
6. a. 100 b. 110 c. 113 d. 115
7.
Number Even? Odd? As a double: Number Even? Odd? As a double:

8 X 4+4 18 X 9+9
16 X 8+8 24 X 12 + 12
100 X 50 + 50 15 X
19 X 21 X

Puzzle Corner:
Regrouping in Subtraction, Part 1, p. 57

1.
a. 3 tens 0 ones 2 tens 10 ones b. 3 tens 6 ones 2 tens 16 ones
c. 5 tens 1 ones 4 tens 11 ones d. 5 tens 5 ones 4 tens 15 ones
e. 4 tens 0 ones 3 tens 10 ones f. 3 tens 7 ones 2 tens 17 ones
2. a. What is left? 2 tens 8 ones

b. 5 tens 4 ones → 4 tens 14 ones. What is left? 2 tens 7 ones.
c. 4 tens 3 ones → 3 tens 13 ones. What is left? 1 ten 8 ones.
d. 6 tens 1 one → 5 tens 11 ones. What is left? 1 ten 7 ones.
3.
a. b.
5 tens 5 ones 4 tens 15 ones 7 tens 2 ones 6 tens 12 ones
1 ten 8 ones 3 tens 7 ones
c. d.
3 tens 3 ones 2 tens 6 ones
e. f.
g. h.
8 tens 1 one 7 tens 11 ones 6 tens 3 ones 5 tens 13 ones
4. a. Jessica now has 13 pencils. 27 – 10 – 4 = 13.

b. Three more pencils. 13 – 10 = 3. c. Nine more pencils. 13 – 4 = 9.

1.
a. 6 tens 0 ones → 5 tens 10 ones b. 7 tens 1 one → 6 tens 11 ones

3 tens, 9 ones. – 3 9 1 ten, 6 ones. – 1 6
2 1 5 5
c. 3 tens, 5 ones → 2 tens 15 ones d. 8 tens → 7 tens 10 ones

1 ten, 7 ones. – 1 7 3 tens, 4 ones. – 3 4
1 8 4 6
e. 7 tens, 6 ones → 6 tens 16 ones f. 9 tens → 8 tens 10 ones
7 6 Take away 9 0
Take away
5 tens, 1 one.
4 tens, 8 ones. – 4 8 – 5 1
2 8 3 9
g. 5 tens, 4 ones → 4 tens 14 ones h. 8 tens → 7 tens 10 ones

2 tens, 5 ones. – 2 5 4 tens, 7 ones. – 4 7
2 9 3 3
i. 7 tens, 4 ones → 6 tens 14 ones j. 4 tens 7 ones → 3 tens 17 ones

3 tens, 8 ones. – 3 8 2 tens, 9 ones. – 2 9
3 6 1 8
2. In this exercise the child is asked to check each subtraction with addition. Adding back is just one method of checking.
Estimating the result beforehand is another method of checking - it will not tell you if you got it exactly right but it does
check that the result is at least reasonable. Yet another way is to solve the same problem with some different method
(there might not always be a “different method”). It is not good that children get used to always checking answers
for math problems from the back of the book or from their teacher. They should get used to checking the result
themselves. You can encourage that even if the problem set does not tell them to, to check the answers.
a. 29 b. 62 c. 27 d. 55. e. 57 f. 26 g. 38 h. 39 i. 22. j. 38 k. 13 l. 38
9 3 8 3 8 0 8 2 6 2
– 1 8 – 6 7 – 3 8 – 1 4 – 9
Puzzle corner:
7 5 1 6 4 2 6 8 5 3

1. a. no b. yes c. yes
2. a. YES; 44 b. NO; 25 c. YES; 26 d. YES; 52
e. NO; 72 f. YES; 24 g. NO; 10 h. YES; 19
3. a. 44, 48 b. 6, 5 c. 92, 4
4. a. 45 – 27 = 18 b. 34 – 13 = 21 c. 31 – 9 – 8 = 14
5. a. 22 – 9 = 13
b. 36 – 12 = 24
c. 44 – 17 = 27
6. a. 94 b. 57, 82 c. 12, 61 d. 42, 99 e. 37, 60 f. 18, 66 g. 13, 54 h. 46, 85

7. a. Emily picked 16 rows more.
b. Peter sold 27 more tickets.
c. They sold 97 tickets.
d. The doll with the pink dress costs $40.
e. The total cost was $85.
Word Problems, p. 67
1. a. Andy has three more goats than Isabella.
b. Sandy has 23 goats.
c. Henry has ten goats.
d. Daniel has 43 cows.
2. a. Mason has 22 tennis balls.
b. Logan has 34 tennis balls.
c. The yellow dress costs $25.
d. Together, the blue and yellow dresses would cost $66.
3. a. 2 b. 22 c. 8 d. 7 e. 64 f. 95 g. 51 h. 11 i. 42
4. a. 11 – 8 = 3 + 3 = 6 km Zoe rode 6 km less than Ryan for 2 days.
b. 32 – 8 = 24 + 32 = 56 In total, the two girls have 56 dolls.
Puzzle corner:
a. = 8 b. = 26 c. = 50 d. -f. Answers will vary.
Mental Subtraction, Part 1, p. 70

1. a. ( 51 − 1 ) − 4 = 46 b. ( 62 − 2 ) − 5 = 55 c. ( 33 − 3 ) − 1 = 29 d. ( 92 − 2 ) − 3 = 87
e. ( 75 − 5 ) − 1 = 69 f. ( 63 − 3 ) − 4 = 56 g. ( 35 − 5 ) − 2 = 28 h. ( 74 − 4 ) − 1 = 69
2. a. 44, 46, 48, 45 b. 38, 37, 39, 36
3. a. 5, 15, 35 b. 9, 19, 29 c. 3, 43, 23 d. 6, 56, 36 e. 5, 25, 85 f. 8, 78, 28

4. a. Amy has $25 now.
b. Peter needs $5 more.
c. 47 are red.
5. a. 29, 66 b. 56, 28 c. 43, 87 d. 55, 75
Mental Subtraction, Part 2, p. 72

1. a. 8 b. 2 c. 7 d. 4 e. 8 f. 7
g. 7 h. 8 i. 7 j. 5 k. 9 l. 7
2. a. Larry has 53 cars. 46 + 7 = 53. Mickey has 39 cars. 46 – 7 = 39.
b. Andy has $10 now. After he bought the gift, he had $33 – $28 = $5. Then he got $5 more so he had $5 + $5 = $10.
3. a. 56 b. 25 c. 21 d. 23 e. 16 f. 32 g. 33 h. 13 i. 11
4. a. There were 8 more books. 42 – 34 = 8.
b. They both now have 38 books. The second shelf has now 42 – 4 = 38, and the first shelf has 34 + 4 = 38.
5. 35 − 18 = 17
6. a. 14 b. 61 c. 63 d. 26 e. 34 f. 62
7. a. Terry has 43 pages left to read. 95 – 52 = 43.
b. Now he has 34 pages left to read. You can solve this in many ways. For example: he has now read 52 + 9 = 61 pages.
So, he has 95 – 61 = 34 pages left. Or, since he had 43 pages left to read earlier, now he has 43 – 9 = 34 pages left.
8. There are various methods you can use such as breaking a ten into ones to subtract or adding up
to the next number or subtracting in parts. If the student cannot answer this question then he or she
needs to review what has already been taught in previous lessons.
a. 16 b. 34
Puzzle corner: a. = 12 b. = 9 = 13 c. =4 = 18
Review, p. 75
1. a. 27, 52 b. 36, 87 c. 64, 75
2. a. 35, 61 b. 27, 81 c. 92, 95
3.
a. 36 + 22 b. 72 + 18
30 + 20 + 6 + 2 70 + 10 + 2 + 8
50 + 8 = 58 80 + 10 = 90
c. 54 + 37 d. 24 + 55
50 + 30 + 4 + 7 20 + 50 + 4 + 5
80 + 11 = 91 70 + 9 = 79
4. a. Ted earned $50. $25 + $25 = $50 Together they earned $75. $50 + $25 = $75
b. Leah has 12. Half of 24 is 12.
5. a. 71 b. 72 c. 71 d. 61 e. 72
f. 93 g. 95 h. 121 i. 117 j. 117
6. a. The total cost was $73. $18 + $15 + 40 = $73
b. The total bill is $102. $34 + $34 + $34 = $102
c. There are 106 stickers in total. 29 + 29 + 22 + 26 = 106
d. No, he cannot. $47 + $15 = $62, which is less than $65. He needs $3 more.

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M ental math strategies for

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Adding Within the Same Ten .............................................. 7

Adding with Whole Tens .................................................... 26

Regrouping in Subtraction, Part 1 ................................... 57

Word Problems .................................................................. 67

More from Math Mammoth ............................................. 95

3 Add and Subtract 2-B (Blue Series)

add ones first → 1 4 1 4 1 4

I wish you success in teaching math!

Maria Miller, the author

5 Add and Subtract 2-B (Blue Series)

• online practice for concepts;

6 Add and Subtract 2-B (Blue Series)

1. Write an addition sentence for each picture.

_______ + _______ = ______ _______ + _______ = ______

_______ + _______ = ______ _______ + _______ = ______

a. 5 + 2 = _____ b. 4 + 5 = _____ c. 3 + 6 = _____

35 + 2 = _____ 64 + 5 = _____ 93 + 6 = _____

a. 52 + 7 = _____ b. 33 + 1 = _____ c. 11 + 5 = _____

2 + 7 = _____ ____ + ____ = _____ _____ + ____ = _____

7 Add and Subtract 2-B (Blue Series)

6. Add. Compare the problems.

6 + 2 = ______ 4 + 3 = ______ 5 + 4 = ______ 11 + 7 = ______

16 + 2 = ______ 24 + 3 = ______ 45 + 4 = ______ 61 + 7 = ______

36 + 2 = ______ 34 + 3 = ______ 65 + 4 = ______ 41 + 7 = ______

7. Add many numbers.

20 + 5 + 2 = ______ 93 + 1 + 5 = ______ 100 + 5 + 4 = ______

44 + 2 + 2 = ______ 83 + 4 + 3 = ______ 52 + 4 + 2 = ______

8 Add and Subtract 2-B (Blue Series)

18 = 10 + 8 32 = _____ + _____ _______ = 60 + 6

25 = _____ + _____ 95 = _____ + _____ _______ = 9 + 80

55 = _____ + _____ ______ = 40 + 9 _______ = 8 + 70

9. Compare. Write < ,  , or = .

is a number we don't know—a mystery number! Your

9 Add and Subtract 2-B (Blue Series)

Think of the ones digits only.

a. 8–2 = 6 b. 7 – 6 = _______ c. 7 – 7 = _______

d. 6 – 6 = _______ e. 9 – 8 = _______ f. 5 – 2 = _______

56 – 6 = _______ 49 – 8 = _______ 95 – 2 = _______

a. 54 – 2 = _____ b. 76 – 2 = _____ c. 88 – 4 = _____

4 – 2 = _____ ____ – ____ = _____ _____ – ____ = _____

3. Subtract. Cross out dots. The box with “T” is a ten.

35 – 4 = _____ 57 – 7 = _____ 48 – 2 = _____ 34 – 1 = _____

35 – 3 = _____ 57 – 5 = _____ 48 – 4 = _____ 34 – 2 = _____

35 – 2 = _____ 57 – 3 = _____ 48 – 6 = _____ 34 – 4 = _____

10 Add and Subtract 2-B (Blue Series)

77 – 6 = _____ 47 – 2 = _____ 57 – 4 = _____ 15 – 3 = _____

22 – 1 = _____ 75 – 1 = _____ 86 – 2 = _____ 98 – 4 = _____

5. Find the missing addends.

a. 10 + ______ = 15 b. 21 + ______ = 22 c. 65 + ______ = 69

32 + ______ = 38 94 + ______ = 95 33 + ______ = 36

72 + ______ = 79 44 + ______ = 48 91 + ______ = 98

b. She had 30 pictures to sell when she started.

37 – _____ = 30 46 – _____ = 40 28 – _____ = ______

d. 57 – ____ = ______ e. 85 – ____ = ______ f. 69 – ____ = ______

11 Add and Subtract 2-B (Blue Series)

+ ______ = ______ ______ + = ______

___ + _ = _ + _ = __

___ + _ = _ + _ = __

a. 5 + 2 = ___ b. 4 + 5 = _ c. 3 + 6 = ___

35 + 2 = ___ 64 + 5 = _ 93 + 6 = ___

a. 52 + 7 = ___ b. 33 + 1 = _ c. 11 + 5 = ___

2 + 7 = ___ + = _ _ + = ___

6 + 2 = 4 + 3 = 5 + 4 = 11 + 7 =

16 + 2 = 24 + 3 = 45 + 4 = 61 + 7 =

36 + 2 = 34 + 3 = 65 + 4 = 41 + 7 =

20 + 5 + 2 = 93 + 1 + 5 = 100 + 5 + 4 = __

44 + 2 + 2 = 83 + 4 + 3 = 52 + 4 + 2 = __

18 = 10 + 8 32 = ___ + _ _____ = 60 + 6

25 = ___ + _ 95 = _ + _ _____ = 9 + 80

55 = ___ + _ = 40 + 9 ___ = 8 + 70

a. 8–2 = 6 b. 7 – 6 = _ c. 7 – 7 = _

d. 6 – 6 = ___ e. 9 – 8 = _ f. 5 – 2 = _____

56 – 6 = ___ 49 – 8 = _ 95 – 2 = _____

a. 54 – 2 = ___ b. 76 – 2 = _ c. 88 – 4 = ___

4 – 2 = ___ – = _ _ – = ___

35 – 4 = ___ 57 – 7 = _ 48 – 2 = _ 34 – 1 = ___

35 – 3 = ___ 57 – 5 = _ 48 – 4 = _ 34 – 2 = ___

35 – 2 = ___ 57 – 3 = _ 48 – 6 = _ 34 – 4 = ___

77 – 6 = ___ 47 – 2 = _ 57 – 4 = _ 15 – 3 = ___

22 – 1 = ___ 75 – 1 = _ 86 – 2 = _ 98 – 4 = ___

a. 10 + = 15 b. 21 + = 22 c. 65 + __ = 69

32 + = 38 94 + = 95 33 + __ = 36

72 + = 79 44 + = 48 91 + __ = 98

37 – ___ = 30 46 – _ = 40 28 – _ = ____

d. 57 – = e. 85 – = f. 69 – = __

+ = + =

b. 1, 6, , , , , , , __

c. 3, 8, , , , , , , __

88 – 0 = ___ 95 – 2 = _ 48 – 1 = ___

88 – 1 = ___ 85 – 2 = _ 46 – 1 = ___

88 – 2 = ___ 75 – 2 = _ 44 – 1 = ___

88 – ___ = _ – _ = _ – 1 = ___

88 – ___ = _ – _ = _ – _ = ___

__ – _ = _ – _ = _ – _ = ___

__ – _ = _ – _ = _ – _ = ___

__ – _ = _ – _ = _ – _ = ___

a. 48 – 20 = ___ b. 36 – 30 = _ c. 61 – 50 = ___

d. 55 – 40 = ___ e. 44 – 30 = _ f. 72 – 50 = ___

a. 35 + 20 = ___ b. 21 + 30 = _ c. 47 + 20 = ___

d. 20 + 28 = ___ e. 14 + 15 = _ f. 50 + 16 = ___

35 + 20 = ___ 40 + 17 = _ 33 – 20 = _____

76 + 30 = ___ 30 + 33 = _ 78 – 50 = _____

22 + 50 = ___ 56 – 20 = _ 99 – 40 = _____

a. 30 + 20 = ___ b. 40 + 60 = _ c. 60 – 40 = _____

60 + 20 = ___ 30 + 30 = _ 70 – 50 = _____

30 + 50 = ___ 50 – 20 = _ 90 – 40 = _____

40 – 4 = 30 – 5 = 50 – 2 = 60 – 7 =

40 – 6 = 30 – 4 = 50 – 8 = 60 – 9 =

40 – 7 = 30 – 9 = 50 – 3 = 60 – 1 =

40 – 8 = 30 – 6 = 50 – 6 = 60 – 4 =

70 – 6 = 50 – 8 = 40 – 1 = 100 – 5 =

70 – 5 = 50 – 7 = 40 – 2 = 100 – 7 =

70 – 2 = 50 – 6 = 40 – 3 = 100 – 9 =

a. 10 – 2 = ___ b. 60 – 5 = _ c. 25 – 4 = ___

10 + 2 = ___ 60 + 5 = _ 25 + 4 = ___

___ + _ = _ _ + _ = _ _ + _ = ___

___ + _ = _ _ + _ = _ _ + _ = ___

Double 1 = ___ 6 + 6 = _ 11 + 11 = _____

Double 2 = ___ 7 + 7 = _ 12 + 12 = _____

Double 3 = ___ 8 + 8 = _ 13 + 13 = _____

Double 4 = ___ 9 + 9 = _ 14 + 14 = _____

Double 5 = ___ 10 + 10 = _ 15 + 15 = _____