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EPIDEMIOLOGY
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Jadex Iyaode <jadexiyaode@gmail.com> Tue, Oct 22, 2024 at 1:02 PM

To: ayokanmiiyaode@gmail.com
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease
conditions in a defined population.
It is a cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and
targets for preventive healthcare. Epidemiologists help with study design, collection, and statistical analysis of data, amend
interpretation and dissemination of results (including peer review and occasional systematic review). Epidemiology has helped develop
methodology used in clinical research, public health studies, and, to a lesser extent, basic research in the biological sciences.[1]
Epidemiology is the study of the determinants, occurrence, and distribution of health and disease in a defined population. Infection is
the replication of organisms in host tissue, which may cause disease. A carrier is an individual with no overt disease who harbors
infectious organisms.
Epidemiology is the study of the determinants, occurrence, and distribution of health and disease in a defined population. Infection is
the replication of organisms in host tissue, which may cause disease. A carrier is an individual with no overt disease who harbors
infectious organisms.
Infectious diseases are disorders that are caused by organisms, usually microscopic in size, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or
parasites that are passed, directly or indirectly, from one person to another.
Incidence is the rate of new cases or events during a specified time period for a population at risk whereas prevalence is the total
cases present at one specific time, both new and old cases. Incidence occurs when the new case is diagnosed, and each new case
diagnosed increases the prevalence.
An epidemic is a disease outbreak that occurs within a specific geographical area. A pandemic, in contrast, occurs if the disease
spreads to multiple areas or the entire globe. Multiple pandemics have occurred throughout history, with the COVID pandemic most
recently occurring from 2020
Immunity
the state or quality of being resistant to a particular infectious disease or pathogen.
"immunity to typhoid seems to have increased spontaneously"
Similar:
resistance to
resilience to
non-susceptibility to
lack of susceptibility to
protection from
ability to fight off
ability to withstand
ability to counteract
defences against
immunization against
inoculation against
Opposite:
susceptibility to
2.
protection or exemption from something, especially an obligation or penalty.
"the rebels were given immunity from prosecution"
Epidemiologic surveillance is the ongoing and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data in the process of
describing and monitoring a health event.
Causative agent: A causative agent is an organism or chemical that is responsible for the development of a disease. Causative agents
can lead to disease through a variety of mechanisms. Many pathogens cause disease by destroying cells of a certain type in the body
leading to symptoms (which may be part of our immune response).
The reservoir of an infectious agent is the habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies. Reservoirs include humans,
animals, and the environment.
A person who has or “carries” a genetic difference in one copy of a gene but doesn't have the disease is called a “carrier.” Many people
who are carriers don't know it because they are generally healthy. And most carriers don't have symptoms. But for some conditions,
carriers can have mild symptoms.
Disease resistance is the ability to prevent or reduce the presence of diseases in otherwise susceptible hosts. It can arise from genetic
or environmental factors, such as incomplete penetrance. Disease tolerance is different as it is the ability of a host to limit the impact
of disease on host health.
Meaning of hyperendemic in English

(of a disease) extremely common in a particular area or amongst a particular group of people : Most adults in areas of hyperendemic
malaria have immunity to the disease. Malaria was hyper-endemic by the beach, so the village had been built on the cliffs above it.
Mesoendemic. An endemic disease with a moderate rate of infection. This term is often used to describe the prevalence of malaria in a
local area, with 10 to 50% of children showing evidence of prior infection being considered a moderate level for that disease.

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EPIDEMIOLOGY

Jadex Iyaode <jadexiyaode@gmail.com> Tue, Oct 22, 2024 at 1:02 PM

Meaning of hyperendemic in English

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