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    01 Internet Basics

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    01 Internet Basics

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    11 views20 pages

    01 Internet Basics

    Uploaded by

    RED TAB

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Internet Basics

    Prof. Sachin Ponde


    Outline
    • WWW and Internet
    • Web Server and Web Clients
    • How does the WWW work?
    • Who defines the Web standards?
    • Web Programming Languages
    ▫ Markup Languages
     HTML, WML, XML, XHTML
    ▫ Client-side & Server-side Scripting
     JavaScript, VBScript, Java Servlets, ASP, JSP
    The World Wide Web
    • Affectionately called “The Web”
    • It is a collection of information stored on the
    networked computers over the world.
    • The WWW was proposed in 1991 by Tim
    Berners-Lee at CERN.
    Web or Internet?
    • They are not the same things.
    • The Internet is a collection of computers or
    networking devices connected together.
    ▫ They have communication between each other.
    ▫ Decentralized design that there is no centralized body
    controls how the Internet functions.
    • The Web is a collection of documents that are
    interconnected by hyper-links.
    ▫ These documents are accessed by web browsers and
    provided by web servers.
    Internet Terminology
    • Client
    ▫ Any computer on the network that requests services
    from another computer on the network.
    • Server
    ▫ Any computer that receives requests from client
    computers, processes and sends the output.
    • Web Page
    ▫ Any page that is hosted on the Internet.
    • Web Development
    ▫ The process of creating, modifying web pages.
    Web Browser (Web Client)
    • It is a program that retrieves information
    from the Web.
    ▫ Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft
    Internet Explorer
     Most commonly used browsers
    ▫ Netscape, Mosaic
     Many different computing platforms
    ▫ Opera
     The fastest browser on Earth
    ▫ Lynx
     Text based web client
    Web Server
    • It is a program that waits for requests from the
    web browser.
    • It provides four major functions
    ▫ Serving web pages
    ▫ Running gateway programs (CGI) and returning
    output
    ▫ Controlling access to the server
    ▫ Monitoring and logging all access
    • E.g. Apache, IIS, Netscape Web server, …
    How does the Web work?
    • The web information is stored in the Web pages.
    ▫ In HTML format.
    • The web pages are stored in the computers called Web
    servers.
    ▫ In the Web server file system.
    • The computer reading the pages is called web clients
    with specific web browser.
    ▫ Most commonly Internet Explorer or Netscape.
    • The web server waits for the request from the web clients
    over the Internet.
    ▫ Internet Information Server (IIS) or Apache.
    The HTTP Request/Response Model
    HTML Codes
    <html>
    …
    Request </html>

    Response
    Client Server

    Program /
    Scripts
    HTTP
    • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
    ▫ protocol used to access data on the WWW.
    ▫ uses one TCP connection on well-known port 80.
    ▫ two types of http messages: Request, Response
    ▫ transfer data in the form of plain text, hypertext,
    audio, video, and so on.
    Who defines the Web standards?
    • The Web standards are not defined or setup by
    the browser companies or Microsoft, but the
    World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
    • The specifications form the Web standards.
    ▫ HTML, CSS, XML, XHTML, …
    Web Programming Languages
    • The Web is no longer just presenting
    information on a computer screen.
    ▫ Many commercial sites include some methods of
    getting information from a browser to web servers.
     How do you program your web site such that it can interact
    with people?
    ▫ With XML, data from spreadsheets, reports or
    other applications can be easily displayed on the
    Web.
     Can we learn XML without the understanding of HTML and
    other Web language?
    The History of Markup
    • In the early 1970s
    ▫ GML (the Generalized Markup Language)
    ▫ “:h1.The Content is placed here”
    • Since the 1980s
    ▫ SGML (the Standard GML)
    ▫ HTML
    • Currently
    ▫ XML (eXtensible Mark-up Language)
     Not intended to replace HTML!
     XHTML does by providing better data description, …
    SGML, HTML and XML
    simplifies
    Meta SGML XML
    Language
    defines

    Language HTML XHTML XML Meta


    Definitions Data

    Usage of the
    Language Web pages XML Data
    Documents
    HTML
    • HyperText Markup Language
    • It is not a programming language.
    ▫ Cannot be used to describe computations.
    ▫ Use to describe the general form and layout of
    documents to be displayed by the browser.
    • Compose of “Content” and “Controls”
    Client-Side and Server-side
    Programming
    • Client-side code
    ▫ ECMAScript
     JavaScript, JScript – Microsoft
    ▫ VBScript – Microsoft
    ▫ Embedded in <script> elements and execute in the browser,
    provides immediate feedback to the user.
    ▫ Reduces the load on a server, reduces network traffic.
    • Server-side code
    ▫ Execute on the server
    ▫ CGI/Perl, ASP, PHP, ColdFusion, JSP
    ▫ The code remains hidden from users, and browser independent.
    • Can be combined with good results.
    Client-side & Server-side
    Technologies
    Client-Side Server-Side

    HTML, XML CGI/Perl


    Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) PHP
    Scripting languages ColdFusion
    - JavaScript, VBScript Scripting Languages
    Java Applets - Server-side JavaScript
    ActiveX controls - ASP, JSP, Java Servlets
    Plug-ins and Helpers application ISAPI/NSAPI programs
    Using Scripts
    Database

    scripts

    File stored

    HTML Page

    Web browser Displayed page

    CSS stylesheet
    References
    • Internet and World Wide Web How to
    Program – Deitel, Deitel and Nieto

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