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33 views

Im450 Study

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2024738745
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© © All Rights Reserved
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IMC450

PSEUDOCODE;
Definition: Pseudocode is an informal way of programming description that does not require
any strict programming language syntax or underlying technology considerations. It is used
for creating an outline or a rough draft of a program. Pseudocode summarizes a program’s
flow, but excludes underlying details. System designers write pseudocode to ensure that
programmers understand a software project's requirements and align code accordingly.

Description: Pseudocode is not an actual programming language. So, it cannot be compiled


into an executable program. It uses short terms or simple English language syntaxes to write
code for programs before it is actually converted into a specific programming language. This
is done to identify top level flow errors, and understand the programming data flows that the
final program is going to use. This definitely helps save time during actual programming as
conceptual errors have been already corrected. Firstly, program description and functionality
is gathered and then pseudocode is used to create statements to achieve the required results
for a program. Detailed pseudocode is inspected and verified by the designer’s team or
programmers to match design specifications. Catching errors or wrong program flow at the
pseudocode stage is beneficial for development as it is less costly than catching them later.
Once the pseudocode is accepted by the team, it is rewritten using the vocabulary and syntax
of a programming language. The purpose of using pseudocode is an efficient key principle of
an algorithm. It is used in planning an algorithm with sketching out the structure of the
program before the actual coding takes place.

Advantages of Pseudocode –
• Pseudocode is understood by the programmers of all types.
• It enables the programmer to concentrate only on the algorithm part of the code
development.
• It cannot be compiled into an executable program. Example, Java code: if (i < 10) { i++; }
pseudocode :if i is less than 10, increment i by 1.

Ref: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/pseudocode

FLOWCHART;
A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm, workflow or process. The
flowchart shows the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting the boxes
with arrows. This diagrammatic representation illustrates a solution model to a given
problem. Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a process or
program in various fields.
Benefits of using a programming flowchart
 Helps you communicate project steps: Help a programmer quickly communicate
ideas to other team members, supervisors and external stakeholders
 Streamlines the software debugging process: Engineers can use a programming
flowchart to remove errors more efficiently, while software designers can analyze the
program using the flowchart's logical diagram to make necessary modifications.
 Creates a blueprint for new projects: You can use the programming flowchart for
multiple projects, meaning you can same time and effort in the future.
 Ensures accurate data management: This diagram can help analyze a process to
ensure no functions, inputs or outputs get overlooked.

Drawbacks of using a programming flowchart


Working with a programming flowchart has many benefits but also a few drawbacks,
including:
 Challenging to make changes: Altering a flowchart can be time-consuming and
making one minor change often means creating an entirely new chart. To avoid this
issue, you can double-check that you have accurate, updated information before
inputting it into a diagram.
 Complex logic: Flowcharts can have an unorganized appearance if it represents a
complex process or complicated data, making it more challenging for unfamiliar
stakeholders to understand. If your diagram has these attributes, adding simplified
explanations can often make it easier to read.
 Harder to reproduce: Recreating flowcharts can be challenging if you don't have
access to software tools optimized for this type of diagram. You can use Microsoft
Word, Excel or a similar program to make recreation easier and duplicate flowcharts
for multiple projects.

Programming flowchart symbols


Programming flowcharts use symbols and shapes to illustrate various steps or actions in a
software application. Typically, a few standard geometric shapes represent basic steps, with
more advanced symbols used explicitly in data flow diagrams. For example, it's common to
use a rectangle to represent a single action. The following are standard symbols often used in
a programming flow chart:
 Flow Line: The lines in a flowchart represent the direction of the steps and connect
them together, and they're typically straight with a directional arrow. Sometimes lines
should have a label like "Yes" or "No," to explain their purpose.
 Terminal symbols: These define the start and end of a process. You can often use an
oval shape to represent terminal symbols.
 Commands: The input and output commands are crucial in a flowchart because your
input generates a logical flow. For example, the input may be a user entering
information, while output may be a message on the screen.
 Processing: A rectangle typically represents processing an action. For example, it
may be a formula used to calculate a value or a step to modify text.
 Decision: A diamond symbol represents a specific decision, and may have two or
more lines, one for each outcome. They can either ask a question or provide options.
 On-page reference: Typically a circle, this symbol has a letter inside indicating that
one flow line connects to another matching symbol elsewhere on the diagram.
 Bottleneck or delay: Represented by a square with a triangular bottom, this symbol
illustrates a delay in the data flow.

Types of programming flowcharts


Here are some examples of programming flowcharts you can use:
 Swimlane diagrams: This type of flowchart indicates a team member's role in a
project process. Programmers may use a swimlane diagram to highlight individual
contributions, especially when several teams collaborate on the same process.
 Description language: An SDL diagram can help brainstorm computer algorithms.
This chart maps out real-time systems using a unique set of symbols.
 Basic flowchart: This can show the steps involved in an algorithm or process. A basic
flow diagram uses simple symbols and images to illustrate the relationship between
operations.
 Workflow diagram: This type illustrates the responsibilities of each party involved in
a project and the steps taken. This kind of flowchart can be helpful in project
management so you can delegate different steps to varied team members.
 Data flowchart: This diagram illustrates the flow of data in a process, including the
order of analysis steps. There are three different levels of data flowcharts, with the
first level as the least complex and the third as the most.

Ref: https://press.rebus.community/programmingfundamentals/chapter/flowcharts/#:~:text=A
%20flowchart%20is%20a%20type,model%20to%20a%20given%20problem.
https://www.lucidchart.com/pages/what-is-a-flowchart-tutorial
https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/programming-flowchart

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