INTRODUCTION TO DBMS

Q1) FILL IN THE BLANKS:

1. ______________ is collection of interrelated data which helps in efficient retrieval,

inserting and deleting of data.
2. A ____________ is often abbreviated as DB, is a collection of information organized in
such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data.
3. A ______ is a software for creating and managing databases.
4. The_____________provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create,
retrieve, update and manage data.
5. _______ stores data in such a way that it becomes easier to retrieve, manipulate, and
update information.
6. Examples of popular_________ are MySQL, PostgreSQL, Access, Oracle, SQL Server, IBM,
DB2 and Sybase.
7. The _____________ in a database means only the authorized users can access a database
according to its privacy constraints.
8. _______________ is designed according to certain rules.
9. The logical structure of a database is called as _____________.
10. _____________ automatically takes care of backup and recovery.
11. ________ reduces application development and maintenance time.
12. ____________ means that the data is accurate and consistent in the database.
13. ________ is very important as there are multiple databases in a DBMS.
14. ____________________ is vital concept in a database.
15. Only ___________ should be allowed to access the database and their identity should
be authenticated using a username and password.
16. ________ should not be allowed to access the database under any circumstances as it
violates the integrity constraints.
17. ______________Holds a fixed length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special
characters).
18. In ___________ fixed size is specified in parenthesis.
19. ________ Holds a variable length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special
characters).
20. In _________________ maximum size is specified in parenthesis.
21. ____________can represent numbers with or without the fractional part.
22. ________________ is used for storing integer values.
23. ______________holds the date including day, month and year.
24. _________________ holds time. Format: HH:MM: SS.
25. ______________define how a data is connected to each other and how they are
processed and stored inside the system.
26. ________describes the method of storing and retrieving the data.
27. The most popular model in DBMS is the ____________________.
28. _____________ is the primary data model, which is used widely around the world for
data storage and processing.
29. _______________is simple and has all the properties and capabilities required to
process data with storage efficiency.
30. Transactions have the following four standard properties, usually referred to by the
acronym _____________.
31. A _______ is a unit of work that is performed against a database.
32. RDBMS stands for __________________.
33. _________________ensures that all operations within the work unit are completed
successfully.
34. _____________ ensures that the database properly changes states upon a successfully
committed transaction.
35. _____________enables transactions to operate independently of and transparent to
each other.
36.______________ensures that the result or effect of a committed transaction persists in
case of a system failure.
37. A ___________is a basic unit of storage in a relational database.
38. __________________consists of rows and columns.
39. A ____________ consists of information which is stored under different headings, called
as fields or columns.
40. ______________are shown vertically in a table. Each field or column has an individual
name.
41. A ___________is composed of fields and contains all the data about one particular
person, company, or item in a database.
42. Record is also called as _______________.
43. A ___________ or a combination of columns which can be used to identify one or more
rows (tuples) in a table is called a key of the table.
44. The group of one or more columns used to uniquely identify each row of a relation is
called its________________.
45. _____________ is a field (or collection of fields) in one table that refers to the Primary
Key in another table.
46. ________link data from individual tables to increase the usefulness of the database.
47. In a _______________relationship, one record in a table is associated with one and only
one record in another table.
48. __________ can also be viewed as Many-to-One relationships.
49. A ________________occurs when multiple records in a table are associated with
multiple records in another table.
50. SQL stands for _______________
51.____________ is Structured Query Language, which is a computer language for storing,
manipulating and retrieving data stored in a relational database.
52. _____________ is the standard language for Relational Database Management System.
53. All relational database management systems like MySQL, Base, Oracle, Sybase, Informix,
PostgreSQL and SQL Server use ___________ as standard database language.
54. ______________ became a standard of the American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) in 1986, and of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1987.
58. ______________ statements or commands are used to define and modify the database
structure of your tables or schema.
59. _____________ statements or commands are used to define and modify the database
structure of your tables or schema.
60. __________________ statements or commands are used for managing data within
tables.
61. _____________ is used to control user access in a database. It is related to security
issue. It is also deals with the rights and permissions of the database access.
62. _________________ command creates a new table.
63. ___________________command modifies a table.
64. _______________ command deletes a table or Database.
65. _________________command Extracts data from a table.
66. _______________ command Updates data in a table.
67. _________________command Deletes data from a table.
68. ________________command Insert data into a table.
69. ___ command provide access or privileges on the database objects.
70. __________command remove access rights or privileges on the database object.

Q.2 STATE TRUE OR FALSE

1. Table is collection of interrelated data which helps in efficient retrieval, inserting and
deleting of data. FALSE
2. A database is often abbreviated as DB, is a collection of information organized in such a
way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data. TRUE
3. A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software for creating and managing
databases. TRUE
4. The MS-Excel provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create, retrieve,
update and manage data. FALSE
5. MS-Excel stores data in such a way that it becomes easier to retrieve, manipulate, and
update information. FALSE
6. Examples of popular DBMS are MySQL, PostgreSQL, Access, Oracle, SQL Server, IBM, DB2
and Sybase. TRUE
7. The privacy rule in a database means only the authorized users can access a database
according to its privacy constraints. TRUE
8. TABLE is designed according to certain rules.
9. The logical structure of a database is called as model. TRUE
10. Database Management System automatically takes care of backup and recovery. TRUE
11. DBMS reduces application development & maintenance time. TRUE
12. Data redundancy means that the data is accurate and consistent in the database. FALSE
13. Data Integrity is very important as there are multiple databases in a DBMS. TRUE
14. Data redundancy is vital concept in a database. FALSE
15. Unauthorised users should be allowed to access the database. FALSE
16. Unauthorised users should not be allowed to access the database under any
circumstances as it violates the integrity constraints. TRUE
17. CHAR Holds a fixed length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters).
TRUE
18. In CHAR fixed size is specified in parenthesis. TRUE
19. VARCHAR Holds a variable length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special
characters).
20. In VARCHAR maximum size is specified in parenthesis. FALSE
21. DECIMAL can represent numbers with or without the fractional part. TRUE
22. INT It is used for storing integer values. FALSE
23. DATE holds the date including day, month and year. FALSE
24. TIME () It holds time. Format: HH:MM: SS. TRUE
25. Data models define how a data is connected to each other and how they are processed
and stored inside the system. FALSE
26. Data models describes the method of storing and retrieving the data. TRUE
27. The most popular model in DBMS is the Relational model. TRUE
28. Relational data model is the primary data model, which is used widely around the world
for data storage and processing. TRUE
29. Relational data model is simple and has all the properties and capabilities required to
process data with storage efficiency. FALSE
30. Transactions have the following four standard properties, usually referred to by the
acronym ACID. TRUE
31. A transaction is a unit of work that is performed against a database. TRUE
32. RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System. TRUE
33. Atomicity ensures that all operations within the work unit are completed successfully.
TRUE
34. Consistency ensures that the database properly changes states upon a successfully
committed transaction. FALSE
35. Isolation enables transactions to operate independently of and transparent to each
other. FALSE
36. Durability ensures that the result or effect of a committed transaction persists in case of
a system failure. TRUE
37. A table is a basic unit of storage in a relational database. FALSE
38. Table consists of rows and columns. TRUE
39. A table consists of information which is stored under different headings, called as fields
or columns. TRUE
40. Columns are shown vertically in a table. Each field or column has an individual name.
TRUE
41. A Record is composed of fields and contains all the data about one particular person,
company, or item in a database. TRUE
42. Record is also called as Tuple. TRUE
43. A column or a combination of columns which can be used to identify one or more rows
(tuples) in a table is called a key of the table.
44. The group of one or more columns used to uniquely identify each row of a relation is
called its Primary Key. TRUE
45. Foreign Key is a field (or collection of fields) in one table that refers to the Primary Key in
another table. TRUE
46. Relationships link data from individual tables to increase the usefulness of the
database. TRUE
47. In a one-to-one relationship, one record in a table is associated with one and only one
record in another table. FALSE
48. One-to-Many relationships can also be viewed as Many-to-One relationships. TRUE
49. A many-to-many relationship occurs when multiple records in a table are associated
with multiple records in another table.
50. SQL stands for structured query language.
51. SQL is Structured Query Language, which is a computer language for storing,
manipulating and retrieving data stored in a relational database. TRUE
52. SQL is the standard language for Relational Database Management System. TRUE
53. All relational database management systems like MySQL, Base, Oracle, Sybase, Informix,
PostgreSQL and SQL Server use SQL as standard database language.
54. SQL became a standard of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986, and
of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1987. TRUE
58. DDL statements or commands are used to define and modify the database structure of
your tables or schema. FALSE
59. DDL statements or commands are used to define and modify the database structure of
your tables or schema. TRUE
60. Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements or commands are used for managing
data within tables. FALSE
61. DDL is used to control user access in a database. It is related to security issue. It is also
deals with the rights and permissions of the database access. FALSE
62. CREATE TABLE command creates a new table. TRUE
63. ALTER TABLE command modifies a table. FALSE
64. DROP TABLE DROP DATABASE command deletes a table or Database. TRUE
65. SELECT command Extracts data from a table. TRUE
66. UPDATE command Updates data in a table. TRUE
67. DELETE command Deletes data from a table.
68. INSERT INTO command Insert data into a table. TRUE
69. GRANT to command provide access or privileges on the database objects. FALSE
70. REVOKE to command remove access rights or privileges on the database object. FALSE

Q2) CHOOSE CORRECT DOUBLE ALTERNATIVES:

I. A Database Management System is a software for creating and managing databases.
II. Data model describes the method of storing and retrieving the data.

Q3) CHOOSE CORRECT TRIPPLE ALTERNATIVES:

1. Database is collection of interrelated data which helps in efficient retrieval, inserting and
deleting of data.
2. Popular examples of DBMS are MySQL, Access, Oracle, and SQL Server.
3. There are different models like Network model, Hierarchical model & Relational model.

Q2) CHOOSE CORRECT DOUBLE ALTERNATIVES:

I. A Database Management System is a software for creating and managing databases.
II. Data model describes the method of storing and retrieving the data.

Q3) CHOOSE CORRECT TRIPPLE ALTERNATIVES:

1. Database is collection of interrelated data which helps in efficient retrieval, inserting and
deleting of data.
2. Popular examples of DBMS are MySQL, Access, Oracle, and SQL Server.
3. There are different models like Network model, Hierarchical model & Relational model.
4. SQL is structured query language, which is a computer language for storing, manipulating
and retrieving data stored in relational database.

Q4) ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

A. Distinguish between Data and Information.

Ansa: Data:-
 Data is raw facts
 Data does not help in decision making
 Data could be relevant or irrelevant
 Each students exam score is piece of data.

Information :-
 Information is processed data
 Information helps in decision making
 Without data information cannot be processed
 The average score of a class or a school is information derived from the data.
B. List some applications of DBMS.
⮚ Railway Reservation System
⮚ Library Management System
⮚ Banking
⮚ Universities and Colleges
⮚ Credit Card Transactions
C. Advantages of DBMS:-

Ans. Reducing Data Redundancy : The file based data management systems contained
multiple files that were stored in many different locations in a system or even across
multiple sytem. This is prevented in a database as there is a single database and any change
in it is reflected immediately. Because of this , there is no chance of encountering duplicate
data.
Data Intergrity : Data Integrity means that the data is accurate and consistent in the
database. Data integrity is important as there are multiple databases in DBMS. All database
contain data that are visible to multiple users. So it is necessary that the data is correct and
consistent in all the database and for all the users.
Data Security : Data Security is vital concept in a database. Only authorised users should be
allowed to access the database and their identity should be authenticated
using a username and password. Unauthorised users should not be allowed to access the
database under any circumstances as it violates the integrity constraints.
Sharing of Data : In a database, the users of the database can share the data among
themselves. There are various levels of authorisation to access he data, and consequently
the data can only be shared based on the correct authorisation protocols being followed.
Privacy : The privacy rule in a database means only the authorized users can access a
database according to its privacy constraints. There are levels of database access and a user
can only view the data he is allowed to.
D. What are the different properties of transaction? OR Explain the acronym ACID.

Ans : Transactions have the following 4 properties , usually referred by the acronym ACID :-
✔ Atomicity : It ensures that all operations within the work unit are completed successfully.
Otherwise, the transaction is aborted at the point of failure and all the previous operations
are rolled back to their former state.
✔ Consistency : It ensures that the database properly changes states upon a successfully
committed transaction.
✔ Isolation : It enables transactions to operate independently of and transparent to each
other.
✔ Durability : It ensures that the result or effect of a committed transaction persists in case
of a system failure.
E. Define primary key and foreign key.

Ans : Primary Key : The group of one or more columns used to uniquely identify each row of
a relation is called its Primary Key.
Foreign Key : It is a field (or collection of fields) in one table that refers to the Primary Key in
another table.
F. Explain the basic concepts of database.

Ans : The basic concepts of database are :-

 Table : The table is the basic data storage unit in a Relational database. Table consists of
columns and rows.
 Field : A table consists of information which is stored under different headings, called as
fields or columns. Columns are shown vertically in a table.
 Record : A record is composed of fields and contains all the data about one particular
person, company, or item in a database. Record is also called as a Tuple.
 Key : A column or a combination of columns which can be used to identify one or more
rows (tuples) in a table is called a key of the table.
G. Write a short note on different types of relationships.

Ans : One-to-One : In a one-to-one relationship, one record in a table is associated with one
and only one record in another table
One-to-Many (or Many-to-One) This is the most common relationship type. In this type of
relationship, a row in table City can have many matching rows in table Customer, but a row
in table Customer can have only one matching row in table City
Many-to-Many : A many-to-many relationship occurs when multiple records in a table are
associated with multiple records in another table. Multiple records in Table Product are
linked to multiple records in Table Suppliers.