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Honey Analysis

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devisumbath1987
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29 views

Honey Analysis

Uploaded by

devisumbath1987
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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To analyze the

available honey for


presence of
different minerals
and carbohydrates.
APPARATUS

TEST TUBE
TEST TUBE STAND
BURNER
WATER BATH

CHEMICALS
FEHLING SOLUTION A
FEHLING SOLUTION B
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION
AMMONIUM OXALATE SOLUTION
AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE
CONC.NITRIC ACID
POTASSIUM SULPHOCYANIDE SOLUTION
Honey, thick, sweet, super saturated
sugar solution manufactured by bees
to feed their larvae and for the
subsistence during winter.

Bee honey is composed of


fructose, glucose and water, in varying
proportions. It also contains several
enzymes and OILS. The color & flavor
depends on the age of the honey and
the sources of the nectar .It colored
honeys are usually of higher quality
than dark coloured honeys. Other high
grade honeys are made by bees from
orange blossoms, clover and Alfalfa. A
well known, poorer grade honey is
produced from buckwheat.
Honey has a fuel value of about 3307
cal/kg [1520 cal/ lbs]. It readily picks up
moisture from the air and is
consequently used as a moistioning
agent for Tobacco and in baking.
Glucose crystallizes out of honey on
standing at room temperature, leaving
on uncrystallized layer of dissolved
fructose. Honey to be MARKETED is
usually heated by a special process to
about 66oC [150.01 F] to dissolve the
crystals and is sealed to prevent
crystallization. The fructose in
crystallized honey ferments readily at
about 160C.
TEST FOR MINERALS:-

1. Test for Potassium:-


2ml of honey is taken in a test tube
and picric acid solution is added.
Yellow precipitate indicates the
presence of K+.

2. Test for Calcium:-


2ml of honey is taken in a test tube
and NH4Cl solution and NH4OH
solution are added to it. The solution is
filtered and to the filtrate 2ml of
ammonium oxalate solution is added.
White ppt. or milkiness indicates the
presence of Ca2+ ions.
3. Test for Magnesium:-

2 ml of honey is taken in a test tube


and NH4Cl solution is added to it and
then excess of Ammonium phosphate
solution is added. The side of the test-
tube is scratched with a glass rod.
White precipitate indicates the
presence of Mg2+ ions.

4. Test for Iron:-

2ml of honey is taken in a test tube


and a drop of conc. HNO3 is added
and it is heated. It is cooled and 2-3
drops of Potassium sulphocyanide
solution is added to it. Blood red colour
shows the presence of iron.
TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES

1. Fehling`s test:

2ml of honey is taken in a test tube


and 1ml each of Fehling`s solution A
and Fehling`s solution B are added to
it and boiled. Red precipitate indicates
the presence of reducing sugars.

2. Tollen`s test:

2-3 ml of aqueous solution of honey is


taken in a test tube. 2-3ml of Tollen`s
reagent is added. The test tube is kept
in a boiling water bath for about ten
minutes. A shining silver mirror
indicates the presence of reducing
carbohydrates.
Substance taken: Honey

SL.
TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE
NO
Test for
Potassium:- Potassium is
Yellow ppt.is
1. present.
observed
Honey + Picric
acid solution
Test for
Calcium:-
White ppt.or
Honey + NH4Cl Calcium is
2. milkiness is not
soln. + NH4OH absent.
observed
soln. filtered +
(NH4)2C2O4

Test for
Magnesium:-
White ppt.is not Magnesium
3. Honey+ NH4OH
observed is absent.
(till solution
becomes alkaline)
+ (NH4)3Po4
Test for Iron:-

Honey+
Iron is
conc.HNO3, Blood red colour
4. present.
heated and is observed
cooled, +
potassium
sulphocyanide
Fehling`s test:-
Honey + 1mL Reducing
each of Fehling`s Red ppt. is sugar is
5.
solution A and observed present.
Fehling`s solution
B
Tollen’s test:-
Honey + 2-3mL
Shining silver Reducing
Tollen`s reagent,
6. mirror is carbohydrate
test tube in water
observed is present
bath for 10
minutes
Potassium is present.
Iron is present.
Calcium is absent.
Magnesium is absent.
Honey contains reducing sugar.

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