RULES AND

REGULATION FOR
RUNNING
ANTEQUISA,KRISTEL O.
ARDIENTE, ROANEL
The runners should abide by the following Rules and Regulations :

• Sprinters should run in designated lanes and cannot cross lanes,

throughout the race.

• In races with bunched starts, athletes can break inside. In 800-

meter race, they start from staggered positions and can break
inside after the first bend.

2
• In longer races of 1500 meters, 5000 meters, and 10000 meters,
athletes can break inside after the start.

• Sprinters shouldn't step on white lines that mark their lanes

throughout the race.

• Sensors are placed in the starting pistol and at the blocks. In

case of a false start, the athlete is disqualified.

• Before giving the 'set' command or before firing the starter gun,
athletes cannot touch the other side of the start line with their
hands or feet.
3
 Athletes should not obstruct other athletes during the race.

• If an athlete is obstructed, the referee may order the race to be

held again, or he may ask the athlete to take part in the next
round.
• Athletes may leave the track voluntarily before the race ends,
but they cannot come back to the track else they will be
disqualified.

3
 RULES AND
REGULATIONS OF
THROWING EVENTS
BANTUGAN, TRISHA
BALANSAG, BENEDICT L.
 RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR THROWING EVENTS IN
ATHLETICS

Throwing events in athletics are track and field disciplines that

involve athletes throwing specific objects—such as a shot put,
discus, javelin, or hammer—as far as possible. These events
test an athlete's strength, technique, and power.
 Shot Put

Athletes throw a heavy metal sphere (the "shot")

from within a circular area. The goal is to project the
shot as far as possible, with the throw being made
from a stationary position within the circle.
Throwing Area:
The shot put must be thrown
from within a 7-foot (2.13
meters) diameter circle. The
thrower must stay within the
circle and not step outside
the boundary before the shot
lands.
Scoring
•Shotput is scored based on the distance thrown.
•Athletes earn points and rankings based on the throw's length.
•Distance is measured from the circle's inside edge to the first mark
made by the shot.
•Measurements are recorded in centimeters.
•Distances are rounded down to the nearest whole centimeter for
standardization.
•Competitors are typically granted six attempts, with the top three
being counted.
Throwing Technique:
The shot must be put from the shoulder and must not be thrown or
flipped.
The athlete must push the shot with one hand.
The shot must stay between the neck and shoulder until released.
Shot Specifications:
The shot must be spherical and made of metal, with a weight of 7.26
kg (16 lbs) for men and 4 kg (8.8 lbs) for women.

Foul Throws
A throw is considered foul if the athlete steps out of the circle,
touches the top of the stop board, or if the shot lands outside
the designated sector.
 Discus Throw

In this event, athletes throw a heavy, disc-shaped

object from within a circular throwing area. The
aim is to achieve the greatest distance while
employing a spinning technique to launch the
discus.
Throwing Area:
The discus must be
thrown from within a
2.5-meter radius circle.
The athlete must remain
within the circle and not
step out before the
discus lands.
Scoring
•Throwers are given eighth tries to throw discus as far as
they can within the designated throwing area.

•The competitor with the longest single throw is the winner.

•If there is a tie for any position, the higher position is

awarded to the athlete with the next farthest throw
Throwing Technique:
The discus is thrown with a spinning motion, and the athlete
must release it from within the throwing circle.
Shot Specifications
The discus is a circular, flat, and weighted object, with men’s discus
weighing 2 kg (4.4 lbs) and women’s discus 1 kg (2.2 lbs).

Foul Throws
A throw is considered foul if the athlete steps outside the
circle, touches the top of the stop board, or if the discus lands
outside the designated sector.
 Javelin Throw
The Javelin Throw is a track and field
event where athletes compete to throw a
javelin, a long spear-like object with a metal
head, as far as possible.
Equipment:
Men's Javelins are 2.6-2.7 meters long and weigh at least 1.8 pounds; Women's
Javelins are 2.2-2.3 meters long and weigh 1.3 pounds. Throwers wear spiked
shoes with up to 11 spikes, each no longer than 12 mm and 4 mm in diameter.
Taping hands is only allowed for injuries, and chalk can be used for grip.
Field:
The javelin field measures 26 feet, 3 inches long by 13 feet, 1½ inches wide. Throwers
release the javelin from a throw line or wooden arc at one end and use a 36.5-meter
(40-yard) runway, marked with parallel lines, to approach the throw line.
Throwing techniques:
Grip: Hold the javelin at its grip.
Run-up: Build from a jog to a run, draw the javelin back behind you.
Crossovers: Execute coordinated steps leading to the throwing line.
Release: Propel the javelin using maximal force.
Use your entire body: Proper technique involves the combined effort of your entire
body.
 Scoring
The javelin must land with the pointed tip facing forward and leave a noticeable
mark within the field. The throw's distance is measured from the point of the javelin
closest to the arc or throw line.

Foul
After each javelin throw, a referee signals a fair throw with a white flag and a foul
with a red flag. Fouls occur if the thrower crosses the throw line, steps outside the
runway, or turns their back before release. The javelin must be thrown with one hand in
an overhead motion, and the thrower must remain on the runway until the javelin lands.
 Hammer Throw
The Hammer throw is a sport in athletics
(track and field) in which a hammer is hurled
for distance, using two hands within a
throwing circle.
Equipment:
Hammer: The hammer features a metal ball attached (16 pounds for men, 8.82
for women’s hammer throw competition) to a handle by a 4-foot steel wire.

Throwing Shoes: These shoes, used in all throwing sports, feature a tight fit and
a smooth sole to allow the wearer to spin and glide.
Field:
The hammer throw occurs within a throwing circle, a safety cage, and a landing sector,
similar to the discus throw. The hammer throw circle is slightly smaller and has a
smoother concrete finish. The landing sector is a 35-degree cone that begins at the cage. It
widens as it extends outward from the throwing circle. This design ensures safety and
proper landing areas for the hammer.
 Throwing techniques:
Grip check: Adjust grip by wrapping the right fingertips around the left hand's second knuckle to straighten arms.
Entry phase: Enter with a straight left leg, straight arms, and centered hips.
Right side delivery: Land on the right foot, push with the right hand, and keep the head neutral
Toe turn entry: Turn on the ball of the left foot, keeping the left heel low and the right foot active.
Right foot timing: Rotate the right hip back and keep hips forward to prevent late foot placement.
Knee separation: During slow drills, step over from 6 o'clock and use an object for foot placement at 3 o'clock.
Hammer plane correction: Steady the hammer plane by rotating the right side back and keeping the head neutral.
 Scoring
Athletes aim to throw the hammer the farthest, with their best of six attempts
determining their rank. Olympic-level throws usually range from 75 to 85 yards, similar
for both men and women despite differing hammer weights.

Foul
Other than regulations concerning the construction of the hammer, only two rules apply
during a throw:
1. Throwers must remain within the throwing circle for the duration of their throw.
2. The hammer must not touch the ground while it is in the thrower’s hands.
 RULES AND
REGULATIONS OF
JUMPING EVENTS
BARATAS, BLESSY ANN
BEQUILLA, ZENDA
Overview of Jumping Events

Jumping events are part of track and field sports

where athletes compete to achieve the longest jump.

The jumping events are Long Jump, Triple Jump,

High Jump, and Pole Vault.
 Long Jump
The Long Jump is an event where
athletes sprint down a runway and jump
as far as possible into a sandpit from a
take-off board.
The jump has four phases: run-up,
take-off, flight, and landing.
 Basic Rules of Long Jump
Athletes must jump from behind the take-off board.
The jump is measured from the take-off line to the
closest mark made by the athlete in the sand.
Each athlete gets 3 or 6 attempts, depending on
competition level.
Wind assistance cannot exceed 2.0 meters per second
for the jump to count as a record.
 Long Jump Fouls
Falling backward
Stepping over Long Jump Scoring and
upon landing in the
the take-off line.
sandpit. Measurement

Exceeding the time limit The

Landing outside Athletes'
to complete the jump measurement is
the designated taken from the longest jump
(typically 1 minute per
area. take-off line to is used to
jump).
the nearest determine
point of contact final rankings.
in the sandpit.
 Triple Jump
The Triple Jump is a more complex
jumping event with three phases: hop,
step, and jump.
The athlete must hop off one foot,
land on the same foot, step onto the
other foot, and then jump into the
sandpit.
 Basic Rules of Triple Jump
The hop phase must be taken off from one foot and
landed on the same foot.
The step phase is taken with the opposite foot.
The jump phase ends with both feet landing in the
sandpit.
Similar to long jump, there are multiple attempts and
wind assistance must be below 2.0 meters per second.
 Triple Jump Fouls
Incorrect take-off Triple Jump Scoring and
sequence (i.e., not Measurement
Stepping over
completing the hop,
the take-off line.
step, and jump Measurement is Like the long
phases correctly). taken from the
jump, the best
take-off line to
jump is
Falling backward or the nearest
point of contact counted for
Landing outside the touching the final rankings.
in the sandpit.
designated area. ground outside the
sandpit.
 High Jump
High jump is a track and field event
where athletes aim to jump over a horizontal
bar set at increasing heights.
The goal is to clear the bar without knocking
it down, using various techniques like the
Fosbury Flop. The athlete who clears the
highest bar wins the competition.
 Basic Rules of High Jump
Athletes run towards the bar and jump over it with
both feet leaving the ground simultaneously.
Athletes must clear the bar without touching it, using
any technique they choose.
Athletes must lahe bar is raised in increments after
each round, with athletes having three attempts at
each height.
The bar is raised in increments after each round, with
athletes having three attempts at each height.
 Basic Rules of High Jump
The athlete who clears the highest bar wins. Ties are
broken by fewest misses, then fewest attempts at the
winning height.
No aids or devices are allowed, hands cannot touch
the bar, and athletes can only jump over the bar
once.
 High Jump Fouls High Jump Scoring and
Measurement
If the athlete's If the athlete
body or any part touches the bar with
of their clothing any part of their The athlete who
touches the bar body, even if they clears the The height of the
and causes it to don't knock it down, highest bar bar is measured
fall, it's a foul. it's a foul. wins the in centimeters.
competition. If
The official
multiple
The landing area is measurement is
If the athlete athletes clear
marked by a the same taken from the top
steps over the
designated zone. If height, the of the bar to the
bar during their ground.
the athlete steps athlete with the
jump, even if fewest fouls
outside this zone
they clear it, it's a wins.
during their jump,
foul.
it's a foul.
 Pole Vault
Pole vault is a dynamic and visually
captivating event in track and field. Athletes
utilize a long, flexible pole, typically made of
fiberglass or carbon fiber, to launch
themselves over a horizontal bar.
The goal of the pole vault is to clear the
highest bar possible, showcasing incredible
strength, agility, and coordination.
 Basic Rules of Pole Vault
Athletes run down a designated runway to gain momentum.
The pole is planted into a box at the end of the runway.
The athlete swings their body over the bar using the pole's
flexibility.
The athlete must clear the bar without knocking it down.
The athlete must land safely within a designated landing area.
 Pole Vault Fouls Pole Vault Scoring and
Measurement
The athlete
The athlete steps
touches the bar The height of the
over the bar during The athlete who
and causes it to bar is measured in
their vault. clears the highest
fall. bar wins the centimeters. The
competition. If official
multiple athletes measurement is
The athlete lands The athlete does not
clear the same taken from the top
outside the clear the bar on any height, the athlete of the bar to the
designated zone. of their attempts. with the fewest
ground.
fouls wins.
 FACILITIES
AND
EQUIPMENT
FOR TRACK AND FIELD

CORDERO, RAIZZA MAE E.

CONSAD, ALVIN JR. D.
 TRACK AND FIELD
• Track and Field is a sport, which is includes disciplines of running, jumping,
and throwing events. The sport traces back to Ancient Greece. The first
recorded examples of this sport were at the Ancient Greek Olympics. In
Ancient Greece, only one event was contested, the stadion footrace. Later on,
the game expanded to more events.

• Events of track and field are divided into three: track events, field events, and
combined events. Track events consist of Sprints, middle-distance, long-
distance, hurdles and relays; Field events consist of jumps and throws; while
combined events consist of pentathlon, heptathlon, and decathlon. Track and
field is usually played outdoors in stadiums. The usual features of a track and
field stadium are the outer running track, and the field within the track.
FACILITIES OF TRACK AND FIELD
EVENTS
 TRACK
•The track itself is the primary surface for
running events, offering a consistent and
durable surface for sprints, middle-distance,
and long-distance races.

•A standard running track has eight lanes,

each 1.22 meters wide. All tracks are run
around in an anti-clockwise direction.
•The length of a standard running track shall
be 400m.
 FIELD
• Field event areas are designated
sections within a track and field facility
specifically designed for the performance
of throwing and jumping events.

• Dedicated areas for Long Jump, High

Jump, Pole Vault, Shot put, and Throwing
events.(Discus, Javelin, and Hammer
throw.
 PA
(PUBLIC ADDRESS) SYSTEM

•A PA system is a crucial part of a track

and field facility, ensuring clear and
effective communication for athletes,
officials, and spectators.
•
•Here’s how it pays a vital role:
1. Announcing Events
2. Providing Instructions
3. Ensuring the atmosphere
4. Ensuring Fairness
5. Emergency Communications
EQUIPMENT FOR TRACK AND FIELD
EVENTS
 STARTING BLOCKS
• Starting blocks are a device used in the sport of
track and field by sprint athletes to hold their feet at
the start of a race so they don't slip as they push out
at the sound of the gun

• For most levels of competition, including all high

level International competition, starting blocks are
now mandatory equipment for the start of sprint
races.

SPIKE SHOES
Spikes Shoes or Track and Field Spikes, are
pointed protrusions usually made of metal,
ceramic or plastic that are screwed into the
bottom of most track and field shoes to increase
traction and minimize the likelihood of slipping.
 BATON
•The relay baton shall be a smooth hollow tube, a
circular in section, made of wood, metal or any
other rigid material in one piece, the length of
which shall be 280 to 300mm.
•The outside diameter shall be 40mmand it shall
not weigh less than 50g
•It shall be colored so as to be easily visible
during race.

TRACK HURDLE
• The hurdles shall be made of metal or some
other suitable material with the top bar of wood
or other suitable material.
• They shall consist of two feet and two uprights
to be fixed at the extreme end of its base.
 DISCUS/DISC PLATE
•Discus disc is an equipment in discus throw
weighing 2kg for men,1kg for women, that is
22cm in diameter for men, and 18cm for
women.

SHOT
•Shot is a heavy spherical object usedin adult
men's shot put competitionand weighs 16
pounds, or 7.26kilograms, while the shot used
inwomen's competition typically weighs8.8
pounds, or four kilograms.
 JAVELIN
• Discus or disc is an equipment in discus
throw weighing 2kg for men,1kg for women,
that is 22cm in diameter for men, and 18cm
for women.

HAMMER IRON
•A heavy steel ball attached with a long wire
(maximum length 122cm) to a handle
weighing 16lb/7.26kg for men,4kg for
women.
 Thank You for
listening!!!
Prepare 1/4 size of paper for a short quiz
 TRUE or FALSE
1. Sprinters should run in designated lanes and cannot cross lanes,
throughout the race.
2. The hammer throw occurs within a throwing square, a safety cage,
and a landing sector, similar to the discus throw.
3. In the basic rule of triple jump, the step phase is taken with the
opposite foot.
4. Shotput is scored based on the speed thrown.
5. A discuss throw is considered foul if the athlete steps outside the
circle, touches the top of the stop board, or if the discus lands
outside the designated sector.
 TRUE or FALSE
6. A standard track and field track is indeed 400 meters in
circumference.
7. The pole vault requires athletes to use a flexible pole to help them
clear the bar.
8. Starting blocks are designed to provide stability and traction to help
runners get a quick and powerful start.
9. A javelin throw is considered valid if the point of impact is within the
designated sector, but it must also land within the sector lines for it to
be considered valid.
10. The long jump pit is filled with sand to provide a soft landing surface
for athletes.
 TRUE or FALSE
1. TRUE 6. TRUE
2. FALSE 7. TRUE
3. TRUE 8. TRUE
4. FALSE 9. FALSE
5. TRUE 10. TRUE