STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

PREPARED BY: DIVINA B. MIGRIÑO

 Write your research title in a 1 whole
sheet of paper.

Identify the parameters in your study.

Write all the parameters and determine what
to nd.
fi
 Criteria of a Good Research Problem
These are:
(1) interesting;
(2) relevant to government's thrust;
(3) relevant to the needs and problems of the people;
(4) innovative;
(5) cost-e ective;
(6) inventive;
(7) yields a return on investment;
(8) original;
(9) measurable; and
(10) time-bound.
ff
 Criteria of a Good Research Problem
These are:
(1) interesting
- It attracts the attention of the researcher so that
he nds research work easy and comfortable.
- It inspires the researcher to work even beyond
o cial hours due to his enthusiasm and strong
determination to investigate until the research is
completed.

2) relevant to government's thrust;

- respond to the government’s trust
ffi
fi
 Criteria of a Good Research Problem
These are:
(3) relevant to the needs and problems of the
people;
- conducting the research is not for his or her
own needs and problems, but to solve the
needs and problems of other people.

(4) innovative;
- new in order to attract the attention of the
people and can be patented.
 Criteria of a Good Research Problem
These are:
(5) cost e ective;
- economical and e ective
- it can augment people’s income and improve their quality of life.

(6) inventive;
- new and unique
- responds to the socioeconomic needs of the country.
ff
ff
 Criteria of a Good Research Problem
These are:
(7) return on investment;
- The output of a good research problem has return on investment in
order to respond to the socioeconomic needs of the country.
- invest-harvest principle is applied in conducting the research;
meaning, if a researcher spends money in research, he also harvests or
gains money so that there is no exhaustion of budget.

(8) original;
- rst of its kind in the world
- responds to the socioeconomic, are patentable, and have high ROI
fi
 Criteria of a Good Research Problem
These are:
(9) measurable;
- uses appropriate research instrument and statistical tool in collecting
data.
-example: the instruments are apparatus, equipment, and other such
tools. After collecting data, appropriate statistical tools are used to
arrived at scienti c results and exact interpretation.

(10) Time-bound;
- can be completed within the time frame allotted.
- the faster and shorter completion, the better!
fi
 TYPES OF EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLES

Variables are an essential part of an eye tracking experiment. A

variable is anything that can change or be changed. In other
words, it is any factor that can be manipulated, controlled for, or
measured in an experiment.
Experiments contain di erent types of variables. We will present
you with some of the main types of experimental variables, their
de nitions, and examples containing all variable types.
fi
ff
Independent Variable

- Factors or conditions you

manipulate in an
experiment.

Dependent Variable
- Factors or conditions you
measure.
Extraneous Variable
- is any extra factor that may in uence the outcome of
an experiment, even though it is not the experiment's
focus.
- Ideally, these variables won’t a ect the conclusions
drawn from the results, as a careful experimental design
should equally spread in uence across your test
conditions and stimuli.
- always be considered and controlled when possible,
as they may introduce unwanted variation in your data.
fl
fl
ff
 Extraneous Variable
All experiments have extraneous variables. Here are some examples
of di erent types of extraneous variables:

• Aspects of the environment where the data collection takes place,

e.g., room temperature, background noise level, light levels;

• Di erences in participant characteristics (e.g., age, gender); and

• Test operator or experimenter behavior during the test, i.e., the test
operator's instructions to the test participants are inconsistent, or
they give unintentional clues of the experiment's goal to the
participants.
ff
ff
Write your research title in a 1 whole
sheet of paper.

Identify the independent, dependent, and

extraneous (control) variables in your study.
LET US START MAKING THE STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESEARCH
PROBLEM
1. SPECIFIC
2. MEASURABLE
3. ACHIEVABLE SMART
4. REALISTIC
5. TIME-BOUND
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM

1. SPECIFIC
- the problem should be speci cally stated.

FOR EXAMPLE:
What is the mean weight increment of mud crab cultured in
the shpond using pellets and bread meal as supplemental
feeds?
fi
fi
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM
2. MEASURABLE
- it is easy to measure by using research instruments,
apparatus, and equipment in gathering the data.
FOR EXAMPLE:
the apparatus and equipment used in collecting data on the weight increment of
mud crab (Scylla serrata) cultured in the shpond using pellets and bread meal
as supplemental feeds are:
a. weighing scale;
b. refractometer for the salinity of water;
c. thermometer for the temperature of water;
d. DO meter for the dissolved oxygen of water; and
e. pH meter for the acidity of water.
fi
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM

3. ACHIEVABLE
- the data are achievable by using correct statiscal
tools to arrive at exact result.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM
FOR EXAMPLE:
the appropriate statistical tool is t-test for this speci c problem,
"Is there a signi cant di erence in the mean weight increment of mud
crab (Scylla serrata) cultured in the shpond using pellets and mud crab
using bread mea as supplemental feeds?"
If results show that there is signi cant di erence in their mean weight
increment of mud crab (Scylla serrata) cultured in the shpond using pellets and
mud crab using bread meal as supplemental feeds, this means that their mean
weight increment of mud crab (S. serrata) cultured in the shpond really differs
from each other. If insigni cant difference exists, this means that the mean weight
increment of mud crab (S. serrata) cultured in the shpond using pellets and
mud crab using bread meal as supplemental feeds is almost the same.
fi
fi
ff
fi
fi
ff
fi
fi
fi
fi
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM

4. REALISTIC
- Real results are attained because they are
gathered scienti cally and not maneuvered.
FOR EXAMPLE:
What is the mean weight increment of mud crab cultured in
the shpond using pellets and bread meal as supplemental
feeds?
fi
fi
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM

5. TIME-BOUND
- Time frame is necessary in every activity because
the shorter the completion of the activity, the better.