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    Module 3b

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    descarl38

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    Module 3b

    Uploaded by

    descarl38
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    Module 3b

    Uploaded by

    descarl38

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    MODULE 3b

    Further Properties of Inverse Laplace Transforms. Below are some properties that may be
    helpful in evaluating the inverse Laplace transform.

    Property 1: Let 𝐿{𝐹(𝑡)} = 𝑓(𝑠) and 𝑓(𝑠) has a term 𝑠 in the numerator.

    Suppress 𝑠 in the numerator and get the inverse Laplace of the remaining term. After that,
    differentiate the result with respect to 𝑡.

    Property 2: Let 𝐿{𝐹(𝑡)} = 𝑓(𝑠) and 𝑓(𝑠) has a term 𝑠 in the denominator.

    Suppress 𝑠 in the denominator and get the inverse Laplace of the remaining term. After that,
    integrate the remaining term from 0 to 𝑡.

    Example 5.4. Evaluate the inverse Laplace transform of the following.

    𝑠
    1. 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)2}

    We can solve this using partial fraction (Case 2).


    𝑠 𝐴 𝐵
    (𝑠+1)2
    = 𝑠+1 + (𝑠+1)2 (Get the LCD)
    𝐴(𝑠+1)+𝐵
    = (𝑠+1)2

    (Solving A and B by equating like powers of the variable)

    𝑠 𝐴(𝑠+1)+𝐵
    (𝑠+1)2
    = (𝑠+1)2
    (Get the numerator)

    𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠 + 𝐴 + 𝐵

    For the variable 𝑠: 1=𝐴

    For the constant term: 0=𝐴+𝐵


    0=1+𝐵
    𝐵 = −1

    𝑠 𝐴 𝐵
    (𝑠+1)2
    = 𝑠+1 + (𝑠+1)2
    1 −1
    = 𝑠+1 + (𝑠+1)2
    𝑠 1 −1
    𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)2} = 𝐿−1 {𝑠+1 + (𝑠+1)2}
    1 1
    = 𝐿−1 {𝑠+1} − 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)2}

    1
    𝐿−1 { } = 𝑒 −𝑡
    𝑠+1
    1 1
    𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)2 } = 𝐿−1 {𝑠2 } where 𝑎 = −1 , 𝑛 = 2
    𝑠→𝑠−(−1)
    𝑡 2−1
    = 𝑒 −𝑡 ((2−1)! )
    𝑡
    = 𝑒 −𝑡 (1! )
    = 𝑡𝑒 −𝑡

    𝑠 1 1
    𝐿−1 { } = 𝐿−1
    { } − 𝐿−1
    { }
    (𝑠 + 1)2 𝑠+1 (𝑠 + 1)2
    = 𝑒−𝑡 − 𝑡𝑒−𝑡

    𝑠
    Another Solution. Using Property 1 since 𝑓(𝑠) = (𝑠+1)2 has the term 𝑠 in
    the numerator.

    1
    First, evaluate 𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)2}. (Suppress 𝑠)

    1 1
    𝐿−1 {(𝑠+1)2} = 𝐿−1 {𝑠2 } where 𝑎 = −1 , 𝑛 = 2
    𝑠→𝑠−(−1)
    𝑡 2−1
    = 𝑒 −𝑡 ((2−1)! )
    𝑡
    = 𝑒 −𝑡 (1! )
    = 𝑡𝑒 −𝑡

    Then, differentiate the result.


    𝑑
    (𝑡𝑒−𝑡 ) = 𝑡[𝑒 −𝑡 ∙ (−1)] + 𝑒 −𝑡 (1) (Product rule)
    𝑑𝑡
    = 𝑡(−𝑒 −𝑡 ) + 𝑒 −𝑡
    = −𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡
    = 𝑒 −𝑡 − 𝑡𝑒 −𝑡
    1
    2. 𝐿−1 {𝑠(𝑠2 +1)}

    We can solve this using partial fraction (Case 1 and 3).


    1 𝐴 𝐵𝑠+𝐶
    = 𝑠 + 𝑠2 +1 (Get the LCD)
    𝑠(𝑠2 +1)
    𝐴(𝑠2 +1)+(𝐵𝑠+𝐶)𝑠
    = (𝑠+1)2

    (Solving A, B and C by equating like powers of the variable)

    1 𝐴(𝑠2 +1)+(𝐵𝑠+𝐶)𝑠
    = (Get the numerator)
    𝑠(𝑠2 +1) (𝑠+1)2
    1 = 𝐴(𝑠2 + 1) + (𝐵𝑠 + 𝐶)𝑠
    1 = 𝐴𝑠2 + 𝐴 + 𝐵𝑠2 + 𝐶𝑠

    For the constant term: 1=𝐴

    For the variable 𝑠: 0=𝐶

    For the variable 𝑠 2 : 0=𝐴+𝐵


    0=1+𝐵
    𝐵 = −1

    1 𝐴 𝐵𝑠+𝐶
    =𝑠+
    𝑠(𝑠2 +1) 𝑠2 +1
    1 −𝑠
    = 𝑠 + 𝑠2 +1

    1 1 −𝑠
    𝐿−1 {𝑠(𝑠2+1)} = 𝐿−1 {𝑠 + 𝑠2 +1}
    1 𝑠
    = 𝐿−1 {𝑠 } − 𝐿−1 {𝑠2 +1}
    = 1 − cos 𝑡

    1
    Another Solution. Using Property 2 since 𝑓(𝑠) = 𝑠(𝑠2 +1) has the term 𝑠 in
    the denominator.
    1
    First, evaluate 𝐿−1 {𝑠2 +1}. (Suppress 𝑠)

    1
    𝐿−1 {𝑠2 +1} = sin 𝑡

    Then, integrate the result from 0 to 𝑡.


    𝑡
    ∫0 sin 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = − cos 𝑡 |𝑡0
    = − cos 𝑡 − (− cos 0)
    = − cos 𝑡 − (−1)
    = − cos 𝑡 + 1
    = 1 − cos 𝑡

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