REVIEWER IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR TOWARDS HEALTH AND

FITNESS (PATHFIT)

What is Physical Education?

According to Webster’s Dictionary

Physical Education is an integral part of education which gives instructions in the

development and care of the body ranging from simple callisthenic exercise, training in
hygiene, gymnastics and the performance.

KEYWORD:
1. Simple callisthenic.
2. Development care of the body.

According to Columbia Encyclopedia

Physical Education and training, is an organized instruction in motor activities that contribute to the
physical growth, health and body image of the individual.

KEYWORD:
1. Motor activities.
2. Contributes to the physical growth of the individual.

According to Central Advisory Board of Physical Education and Recreation

Physical Education as an education through physical activities for the total personality development
of the child to its fullness and perfection in body, mind and spirit.

KEYWORD:
1. Personality development of the child.
2. Perfection in body, mind and spirit

According to Charles A. Bucher

Physical Education is an integral part of total education process, is a field of endeavor which has its
aim the development of physically, mentally, emotionally and socially fit citizens through the
medium of physical activities which have been selected with the view of realizing these outcomes.
KEYWORD:
1. Integral part of total education process.
2. Aim the development of physically, mentally, emotionally, socially fit citizens.

Legal Bases of Physical Education

Article 14, Section 19 of the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the
Philippines mandates:

“The State promote Physical Education and encourage sports program league competitions,
and amateur sports including training for international competition to foster self-discipline,
teamwork, and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry. All
educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country and
in cooperation with athletic club and other sectors.”

Republic Act No. 5708, known as The Schools Physical Education and Sports
Development Act of 1969 provided for:

“An integrated physical education and sports development program in all schools in the
Philippines (Section 2) … the goal is to instill in young citizens a proper appreciation of the
importance of physical development hand in with the mental development in individual and
social activities (1) and the provision for “a well-rounded physical education program must
be saddressed to physical growth, social training, and personal discipline for all pupils and
students as well as superior athletic achievement for those who are psychologically inclined
and physically gifted (2)

Article 2 Section 3 of the Commission on Higher Education Memorandum

Order No. 39
Series of 2021, subject to Policies, Standards and Guidelines on the
Implementation of Tertiary Physical Education: Physical Activity Towards
Health and Fitness (PATHFit) Courses states that:

“One of the goals of general education as articulated by the Commission on Higher

Education is “to help improve the Filipino quality of life”. This succinctly expresses the
aspiration of the Tertiary Physical Education Program. PE, more than any other subject in
the curriculum, is much more direct. It is a subject that is directly applicable and relevant to
a learner’s life in school, out of school and even beyond school. Though PE, the learner can
be more disciplined because the activities and tasks demand physical effort.”

Scope of Physical Education

Games and Sports:

team games like hockey, football, cricket, basketball, and volleyball, etc., and individual
events like athletics, wrestling, boxing, judo, and archery are included in the programs of
physical education. Swimming, diving, canoeing, etc.

Corrective Exercises:

Corrective exercises help to remove the deformities in the body of a child.

Self Defense Activities:

Arnis, Judo, karate, and self-defense activities are included in the programs of physical
education.

Rhythmic Activities:

Gymnastics, Dance, mass physical training, and Dumbbell, etc. are rhythmical activities
necessary for rhythm and balance. Rhythmical activities are also included in the programs of
physical education.

Yogic activities:

Yogic activities such as Asana, Pranayama, Kriyas, etc. are included.

Recreational Activities:

Recreational activities like minor games, chess, carom, horse riding, education campus,
hunting, folk dance, fishing, etc are included in the programs of physical education.
Objectives of Physical Education

Physical Development

Through cautiously selected physical education activities, an individual who participates

energetically will develop and maintain good health and a high level of physical fitness.

Social Development

Involvement in Physical Education activities provide opportunities for the development of

enviable social traits needed for adjustment to the social life in general.
Some traits are:

1. Friendliness
2. Cooperation
3. Respect for the rights of others
4. Good sportsmanship
5. Good leadership and followership
6. Honesty in group competition

Emotional Development

The informal nature of physical education activities offers opportunities for self-expression
and emotional mastery.
Examples of emotional traits are:

1. Self-confidence
2. Self-control
3. Self-reliance
4. Courage
5. Determination
Mental Development

Through participation in physical education activities, the individual develops his mental
capacities as he learns the mechanical principles of underlying movements, as he obtains
knowledge and understanding of the rules and strategies of the games and sports, and as he
discovers ways of improving his movement in gymnastics and dance. Likewise, it enhances
critical thinking how activities are done according to rules, regulations and strategies.
Objectives of Physical Education

Knowledge
it enhances critical thinking how activities are done according to rules, regulations and
strategies.

Physical fitness
improves and maintains the workload of the individual without staggering and undue
fatigue after which have time or energy to meet some more emergencies in life.

Social
to understand oneself; to get along with others for effective living.

Motor skills
it is the learning of the fundamental skills and games.

Aesthetic
relating or responsive to or appreciative of what is pleasurable to the senses.

Nationalism
preservation of cultural heritage through revival of indigenous games, dances and sports.

Conservation of natural environment

such as protection of forest and aquatic resources.

Purposes of Physical Education

1. To develop optimum physical fitness and health of the individual so that he is capable of
living the “good life” and contributing his maximum capacity to the attainment of the goals
of the “New Society”;

2. To produce individuals who can contribute to the economic.

3. To train good leaders with moral integrity of the highest order, and develop other
desirable traits necessary for effective group participation or group living essential to the
New Society.

4. To develop creativity and innovativeness inspired by an abiding faith in God and love of
country and fellowmen.

5. To install a love of and pride for their preservation, and develop an understanding of the
culture of other for a feeling of international brotherhood and unity.

What is Physical Fitness?

Physical fitness is the ability of your body to carry out task without undue fatigue.
With physically fit body, one can perform aspects in sports, occupations and daily activities.

KEYWORD:
1. Carry task without undue fatigue.

What is Physical Activity?

Physical activity is defined as any movement carried out by skeletal muscle that
requires enough energy and is focused on building health. Physical activity are activities
you’ve done since you woke up and step out of your bed.

KEYWORD:
1. Movement carried out by skeletal muscles.

What is Physical Exercise?

 Physical Exercise is a physical activity that is planned, structured and has repetitive
movements intended to improve fitness. It significantly improves general health, good heart
health, increased in muscle size and improve flexibility.

KEYWORD:
1. Has repetitive movements
2. Improve general health

Two components of physical fitness

Health-related fitness components consist of:

cardiorespiratory endurance
It is the ability of heart and lungs to work together to produce enpugh energy and oxygen
that the body needs.

muscular strength
is the ability of a muscle, or a group of muscles, to exert force for a brief period of time.

muscular endurance
the ability of a muscle, or a group of muscles, to sustain repeated contractions or to
continue applying force against a fixed object

flexibility
Ability of each joints to move through the available range of motion.

body composition
It is the amount of body mass, compares to lean mass and fat mass.

Health-related fitness components not only help the body to perform more
efficiently, but also help prevent disease and improve overall health and
well-being.
Skill-related fitness components include:

agility
It relates to the ability to rapidly change the position of the entire body in space with speed
and accuracy.

balance
It is the maintenance of equilibrium while stationary or moving.

coordination
The ability to use the senses, such as sight and hearing, together with body parts in
performing motor task smoothly and accurately.

speed
The ability of to the rate at which one can perform work. It is a combination of speed and
strength.

Power
It relates to the ability to perform movement within a short period of time.

reaction time
This relates to the elapsed between stimulation and the beginning of the reaction to it.

Physical Fitness Principles

The keys to selecting the right kinds of exercises for developing and maintaining each of the
basic components of fitness are found in the principles of specificity, overload, reversibility,
progression, diminishing returns, and individual differences.

Specificity

The type of training in which individuals engage should be directed specifically at improving
their abilities in life. Therefore, choose the right kind of activities to improve each physical
fitness component, also, train specifically for the specific activity of interest.

Overload

If a person works often (frequency) enough, hard (intensity) enough, and long (duration)
enough to load the body above its resting level, physical fitness will improve. If this is done
regularly over a period of time, the body will gradually adapt to the increase in demands.

Reversibility

Physical fitness or the effects of a physical activity program or an exercise program cannot
be stored. If a person stops training for a period of time (three to five days, in some cases) a
process of detraining will begin. If no exercise is done for a long enough period, fitness levels
can revert to the original starting point.

Progression

Increasing the frequency, intensity, and/or duration of an activity over periods of time is
necessary for continued improvement in physical fitness. Improvements in physical fitness
are realized fairly rapidly at the onset of an exercise or training program.

Diminishing returns

The fitter a person becomes, the more difficult it is to continue to become fitter at the same
rate. Individuals who begin jogging can, over a relatively short time, improve the speed and
duration of their runs. However, experienced distance runners may have to spend an entire
training season to decrease their run time by just a few seconds.

Individual differences
Every person has a unique physical and psychological makeup that requires a unique
training program. Factors that may play a role are current fitness level, gender, age,
heredity, susceptibility to injury, rest and recovery needs, and diet. Two people working out
with the same program could experience completely different results.

Principles of Adaptation to Stress

The human body adapt well when exposed to stress. The term stress, within the context of
exercise, is defined as an exertion above the normal, everyday functioning. The specific
activities that result in stress vary each individual and depend on a person’s level of fitness.

Rest, Recovery and Periodization

Is also called Principle of Recuperation. It suggests that rest and recovery from the
stress of exercise must take place in proportionate amounts to avoid too much stress.
Periodization suggest that training plans incorporate phase of stress followed by phases of
rest. It can be organized on a daily, weekly, monthly and even in multi annual cycles.

The FITT Principle

A well-designed personal physical activity plan will outline how often (frequency), how long
(time), and how hard (intensity) a person exercises, and what kinds of exercises (type) are
selected. The exercise frequency, intensity, time, and type (FITT principle) are key
components of any fitness plan or routine.