Compass Coaching

Lecture & Practice Sheet on Cohesive Device

Class 8 এর বািষক পরী ার জন দ িস লবা স Cohesive Device সং া থাক ব। এক passage

দয়া থাক ব যার ম ধ বশ ক য়ক cohesive devices ব বহার করা হ ব। তামা দর কাজ হ পঁ াচ
cohesive device খুঁ জ বর ক র িল করা এবং এ লা ব বহা রর কারণ উ খ করা। এই task এর জন
িনধািরত মাক হ 10. িত স ক cohesive device and purpose এর জন 2 মাক ক র পা ব।
থ মই আ স, আস ল Cohesive device কী? উ র : Cohesive device হ লা এক ধর নর শ (word) বা
শ (phrase) যা প া সজ বা ট ট কািশত ব ব লা এক র সা থ আ রক র সংযুি ঘটায়। যার
ফ ল ব ব লা আরও সুসংব এবং যৗি ক হয়। Cohesive device এর ম ধ Conjunction এবং
connector এর ব বহারও ঘ ট। Example : Trees play a vital role for maintaining ecological balance in
the atmosphere. But we are destroying trees indiscriminately. Therefore, the level of carbon
dioxide is increasing day by day.

Explanation : থম বাক ত গা ছর য়াজনীয়তার িবষ য় বলা হ য় ছ। ি তীয় বাক ত গা ছর

য়াজনীয়তার িবষয় উ প া ক র মানু ষর ারা িনিবচা র গাছ ক ট ফলার কথা বলা হ য় ছ এবং বাক
বলার জন But ব ব ত হ য় ছ; কারণ ি তীয় বাক থম বাক র িবপরীতাথক আইিডয়া িদ । তারপ রর
বাক ত গাছ ক ট ফলার কার ণ কী ধর নর িতি য়া হ তা কািশত হ য় ছ। অথাৎ গাছ ক ট ফলার
ফলাফল প য ভাব পির ব শ তির হ সটা বলা হ য় ছ এবং cohesive device িহ স ব এখা ন ব ব ত
হ য় ছ Therefore. এটা সাধারণত ফলাফল িন দশ কর ত ব ব ত হ য় থা ক। িন িকছ Cohesive Device
এবং এ লার Purpose ত ল ধরা হ লা :
Some basic cohesive devices and purpose of using these :
Adding information (আরও তথ যাগ কর ত) : And, Also, As well as; Furthermore/Morcover/In
addition, Besides, Again ইত ািদ।

Sequencing information (ধারাবািহকতা কাশ কর ত) : Firstly/Secondly/ Thirdly/ Finally,

Next/Then/After that: Before After ইত ািদ।

Emphasizing information (তথ র বাড়া ত) : Above all/Most importantly: In fact/Actually

ইত ািদ।
Contrasting information (িবপরীতমুখী/িবপরীতাথক তথ দান কর ত) : But/However, On the other
hand; Although/Though ইত ািদ।

Giving evidence (উদাহরণ বা মাণ ত ল ধর ত): For example:, Such as/like: According to/Based on
ইত ািদ।
Explaining results/Consequences / Cause and effect (ফলাফল বা পিরনিত ত ল ধর ত) : As a
result/Therefore/Thus, That's why, So/Then ইত ািদ।

Providing explanations (কারণ ব াখ া কর ত) : Because/Since/As; Because of/So that ইত ািদ।

Drawing conclusions (উপসংহার বা মতামত ত ল ধর ত) : In conclusion/To sum up; In short/In brief
ইত ািদ। উপ রা cohesive devices লা ছাড়াও আরও অ নক words এর ব বহার হয় যা আমরা উপ রর
ণী ত আরও িব ািরতভা ব জান ত পার বা।
Read the following passage and identify five cohesive devices used in the text, and analyze the
purpose of using them in the sentences. Use the table below to complete the activity. 2x5=10

1. Climate change means the changes in climate. At present, climate on earth is constantly
changing, Due to climate change, the weather pattern in any specific region on earth as well as
across the whole earth is changing. Human activities are greatly responsible for it. We are cutting
down trees for habitation and agricultural purpose. Besides, use of chemicals in industries causes
serious harm to the ozone layer. Consequently, there is a rapid increase in temperature causing
greenhouse effect,

2. Rural life and urban life have many common sides. But differences between them are greater.
Rural people do not have adequate educational and medical facilities. Besides, they face problems
with their communication network. On the other hand, the urban people enjoy an educational and
medical facilities. Moreover, the people of cities and towns enjoy a smooth and easy
communication system. That's why, there is a rush of people to come to cities from villages every
year.

3. Undoubtedly, population problem is one of the greatest problems in our country. Though
Bangladesh is a small country, it has a huge population. The government finds it difficult to
provide basic necessities. In fact, it has become a great concern to all. With a view to solving this
problem some necessary steps should be taken. In this regard general people should help the
government. If the population growth is controlled, people will lead a happy life.

4. Actually, there are some differences between practical knowledge and bookish knowledge. But
often they are thought to be the same. If a man is educated in the truest sense, he will be able to
lead a life completely different from others. Besides, he can distinguish between right and wrong.
So, education is very important.

5. A healthy man can do any work. And he can eat any food he likes. That's why, he can enjoy life in
every way. On the contrary, an unhealthy man is unhappy, for he cannot eat and do what he likes.
Besides, he lives and dies poor. He may have intelligence, merit, learning and power, but he cannot
put them to the use and reap their benefits. Therefore, health is the source of all happiness in life.

6. Read the following passage and identify five cohesive devices used in the text, and analyze the
purpose of using them in the sentences. Use the table below to complete the activity. 2x5=10 The
paragraph and the essay are different from each other. But there are some similarities between
them. Firstly, the paragraph has a topic sentence to introduce the main idea. Secondly, it has a
number of sentences in the middle to develop that main idea. Finally, there is a concluding
sentence in it to bring the main idea to a close. Similarly, the essay also consists of a beginning, a
middle and an end. It is, therefore, obvious that the paragraph and the essay share some common
features in respect of the structures.

7. Many schools have a uniform. But students sometimes do not like the idea of wearing uniforms.
However, there are arguments for and against. One argument for school uniform is that you don't
have to waste time in the morning thinking what to put on. Besides, if pupils were allowed to wear
cloths, they would tend to wear expensive cloths, Moreover, some clothes may not be suitable for
schools. In fact, a person's choice of clothes reflects his/her personality and taste. In comparison
to that, wearing a school dress does not allow a person to express his/her individuality in this way.

8. I personally believe that libraries are among humanity's most important institufiotis for several
reasons. Firstly, most of humanity's collective knowledge is stored in libraries. Secondly, libraries
protect and preserve this knowledge. They also classify or group the materials into logical and
easily available divisions. Furthermore, libraries make the materials available to everyone and even
provide librarians to help us find what we need. Finally, libraries are our link to the past and our gift
to the future.

9. English is a language that is used everywhere in the world as a common language. That's why, it
is called an international language. Without English, we cannot do anything in this modern world.
Moreover, 80% of all the information in the world's computers are in English. Besides,
organizations often need employees who speak and write a standard from of English. For
business communication and correspondence with foreign countries English is a must. But
without learning English grammar none can write or speak English correctly. So, we need to learn
the grammar and use them in our sentences.

Your answer should be like below:

Cohesive Device Purpose of using it

1. That's why Cause and effect / To show consequence

2. Moreover To add information

3. Besides To add information

4. But To show difference / To contrast an information

5. So To show consequence