The Analysis of Kartilya-1

HISTORICAL WRITINGS
DURING THE THIRD

REPUBLIC
KEY FEATURES OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC
Philippine Third Republic
(1946-1972)
INDEPENDECE
GOVERNMENT SYSTEM
ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPNTME

Key Presidents
Manuel Roxas (1946-1948)
Elpidio Quirino (1948-1953)
Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957)
Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961)
Diosdado Macapagal (1961-1965)
Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1986)
History Writings During Third Republic
In the early 50s
Leopold Von Ranke

-German Historian
No Documents,
No History
Dominated the writings of history
Dr. Nicolas Zafra
-Filipino Historian
Dr.Conrado Benitez
-Filipino statesman,
writer, and educator
Dr. Domingo Eufronio
Alip
-Filipino Historian and
writer
Dr. Gregorio Zaide
-Filipino historian, author
and politician
Dr. Antonio Molina
-historian, educator,
lawyer, polyglot and
diplomat
History During This Period
Gregorio Zaide (Filipino Historian and Politician)
67 books more than 500 articles
Dean of Filipino Historiographers
Fr. Horacio de la Costa (Jesuit priest, historian and
academic)
Fr. Jose Arcilla (Jesuit priest, historian, and author)
In the late 1950s
Teodoro Agoncillo
(Revolt of The Masses, The Story of Bonifacio and the
Katipunan)
1896
Revolution
1872
beginning of the history of the Philippines as a
nation
Lost history (pre-1872)
History of Spain in the Philippines (before
1872)
In the early 80s
Glen Anthony May
(Professor of History at the University of Oregon)
He stated that Agoncillo doesn’t have
much training in historical writings and
he was more of a poet than a Historian.
Renato Constantino (1919-1999)
Filipino Historian
Constantino defined history as the

"collective people's struggle towards
the full realization of freedom and
liberty“
"The Philippines: A Past Revisited"

Karl Marx
(German-born philosopher,
political theorist, economist,
historian, sociologist, journalist,
and revolutionary socialist.)
Marxism
Pre-colonial Period
Pre-colonial Period started in 900
under the Spanish and then
under th United States and then
under Japanese occupation in
world war 2
Archeologist in the late 1960s
William Henry Scott

-American Historian and
Anthropologist
-”Cracks in the Pardiment
Curtain”
Dr. Felipe Landa Jocano
-Philippine Anthropologist
-”The Philippine pre-

history”
Archeologist studied the pre-colonial Period
Henry Otley Beyer

The father of Philippine
archeologist, who made the
theory of the origin of the
Philippine which is the
“Wave of migration theory”.
Reynaldo Ileto
-Filipino Historian
-”Pasyon and Revolution”
“Pasyon”
the life of Jesus Christ,
focused on his Passion,
Death, and Resurrection.
POBRES Y IGNORANTES
Poor and ignorant
Popular themes in Pasyon
Virtues Manifested in Pasyon
Damayan SUBMISSIVENESS
Loob
Liwanag SIMPLICITY
Lakaran
Kalayaan HUMILITY
Nationalist Historians
Teodoro Agoncillo
Renato Constantino
NON-LINEAR
GOMBURZA
refers to three Filipino Catholic
priests,
Mariano Gómes,
José Burgos,
Jacinto Zamora,
who were executed by a garrote on
February 17, 1872, in Bagumbayan,
Philippines by Spanish colonial
authorities on charges of subversion
arising from the 1872 Cavite mutiny.
Jose Rizal
The other center of power
FOLK
HEALER
CULTS
TULISANES
COLORUMS
Historians who criticize Ileto
Milagros Guerrero
Professor of History and served
as Chair of the Department of
History in the University of the
Philippines Diliman
Glen Anthony May

Marx Saying March Block
(French Historian)
“Men make their
own history but The mirror
they do not know of the
that they are collective
making it” conciuosness
of the people
Vicente L. Rafael
is a professor of Southeast
Asian history at the
University of Washington,
Seattle. He received his B.A.
in history and philosophy
from Ateneo de Manila
University in 1977 and his
Ph.D. in history at Cornell
University in 1984.
Contracting Colonialism
Consolacion Rustia
Alaras (born 1941)
is a professor and
former chairperson of
the Department of English and
Comparative Literature
(DECL) at the University of the
Philippines Diliman. A nominee
to the university presidency
twice, she holds a Ph.D.
in Philippine Studies from UP
Diliman.
Consolacion Alaras “Pamathalaan”
“Hangga’t hindi binibigyan

ng patotoo ang kaloob
naming mga maliliit at inaapi,
hindi magkakaroon ng
kaganapan ang bayang ito!
THE PHILIPPINES A CENTURY HENCE
This is an essay written by our

national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal, to
predict what will happen to our
country after a hundred years.
SUMMARY
-Rizal felt that if he informed Spain that the
events that sparked the French Revolution could
have a significant impact on the Philippines.
-So Rizal's essay presents what will happen
to our country in the future. So our
motherland may end up in 3 ways:
•First, the Philippines may remain under
Spanish rule but with some good effects
on the captives.
•Second, the Philippines may sever its
Filipino identity by fighting against Spain.
•Lastly, we may be colonized by other
countries.
So the essay published in The implementation of
Spain's military policies - due
La Solidaridad in to the laws, the population of
Madrid on September the Philippines decreased.
30, 1889, and February Poverty became even more
1, 1890, started to prevalent now than before, and
the livelihoods of farmers
analyze the causes of were ruined. The family,
the suffering of the which is highly valued in
Filipino people at the society, was neglected. Overall,
hands of the Spanish. the aspect of life of the
Filipino people was disrupted.
When Spain arrived in the Philippines, the
gradual destruction of the native culture of
the Philippines began. Because of this, the
Filipinos lost hope in the inheritance left to
them by their ancestors. As time went on, they
lost hope of preserving their lineage because
the natives were prone to being belittled or
discriminated against simply because they were
natives. These are people who value their way
of life and their livelihood.
The natives also became submissive to the
Spaniards, and the powerful Spanish friars
influenced the natives, which led to their
subjugation. Another reason is the use of
force by the Spaniards, which compelled the
Filipinos to submit to them. We know that in
the past, the Philippines did not really resist
invaders, and the reason we were colonized is
because of our natural resources, as they
wanted us to be slaves or subservient to them.
• The native people realized that they should no longer
tolerate the abusive actions of the Spaniards in other
countries.
• Keeping the people uneducated and ignorant had failed.
The Filipinos became conscious and awakened to the
realization that they should fight back and not succumb to
the oppressors.
• Keeping the people impoverished did not succeed either. On
the contrary, a life of perpetual poverty paved the way for
the Filipinos to take action and change their way of life.
They began to explore things that could lead to their
progress.
•The Filipinos survived wars and
hunger, and their numbers
increased after those struggles. In
order for Spain to conquer the
Philippines, they needed to sacrifice
thousands of soldiers, which was
not allowed by Spain, so we were
not colonized.
Key points in the essay or issues related
to our country:
• Abuse of human rights (an example is how Spain
destroyed the livelihood of the natives)
• Lack of freedom of speech (no one dared to fight
back and not succumb to the violence of the
Spaniards)
• Lack of representation in the Spanish Cortes.
‫شكرا على حسن إستماعكم و إنصاتكم‬
‫زادنا هللا توفيقا وعلما نافعا‬
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
MAY ALLAH MAKE IT EASY FOR US IN
EVERY ASPECT OF LEARNING

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HISTORICAL WRITINGS

DURING THE THIRD

ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPNTME

Leopold Von Ranke

Constantino defined history as the

"The Philippines: A Past Revisited"

William Henry Scott

-”The Philippine pre-

Henry Otley Beyer

Glen Anthony May

“Hangga’t hindi binibigyan

This is an essay written by our

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