FMT PRACTICAL

BY
SACHIN & SGM
29TH BATCH
WEAPONS
HEADING UNDER WHICH
WEAPONS IS TO BE WRITTEN
1. IDENTIFICATION
2. DIAGRAM (rusted / colour /
material) WITH MEASUREMENT,
SHARP/NOT
3. TYPE OF INJURY
4. MLI
 Cane
Injuries : Abrasion, bruise(parallel)
MLI : 1. Simple/grievous hurt
2. Homicide
 Gupti
Injuries :
Whole - Abrasion, bruise, fracture
Metal - puncture, penetration, perforation
Handle - Abrasion, bruise (parallel)
MLI : 1. Simple/grievous hurt
2. Homicide
3. Rarely accidental
 Hammer (hatodi)
Injuries : Abrasion, bruise, laceration
Fracture - depressed / depressed
comminuted / radiating / suture separation
MLI : 1. Homicide
2. Rarely accidental/ suicidal
 Hunter’s whip (chabuk)
Injuries : Abrasion, bruise,
laceration(handle)
strangulation(patterned)
MLI : 1. Simple/grievous hurt
2. Rarely homicidal
 Razor (khur)
Injuries :
Sharp edge - incision, cut throat
Blunt edge - Abrasion, bruise
MLI : 1. Accidental
2. Homicidal / suicidal
3. Fabricated
 Dagger (chora)
Injuries :
Sharp edge - incision, cut throat
Blunt edge - Abrasion, bruise,
laceration
Pointed tip - puncture, penetration,
perforation
MLI : 1. Homicidal
2. Accidental / suicidal
3. Hilt impression (protection)
 Bhojali
Injuries :
Sharp edge - incision, cut throat
Blunt edge - Abrasion, bruise,
laceration
Pointed tip - puncture, penetration,
perforation
MLI : 1. Homicidal
2. Accidental / suicidal
 Spring knife (Rampuria knife)
Injuries :
Sharp edge - incision, cut throat
Blunt edge - Abrasion, bruise,
laceration
Pointed tip - puncture, penetration,
perforation
MLI : 1. Homicidal
2. Accidental / suicidal
 Sickle
Injuries :
Cutting edge (serrated) - laceration, bone
cut
Blunt edge - Abrasion, bruise, laceration
Pointed tip - puncture, penetration,
perforation
MLI : 1. Homicidal
2. Accidental / suicidal
POISONS
HEADINGS UNDER WHICH
POISONS ARE TO BE WRITTEN
1. IDENTIFICATION
2. FD & FP
3. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
4. Mx / Rx
5. MLI

14
Arsenic trioxide FD : 200 - 300 mg FP : 1 - 2 days
C/F : A - Aldrick Mees’ lines
R - Raindrop pigmentation
S - Sole hyperkeratosis
E - erythromelalgia
N - neuropathy
I - icterus
C - cirrhosis
Mx : Gastric lavage, soap wash, BAL, symptomatic Rx
MLI : 1. Homicidal (mainly)
2. Suicidal (rare)
3. Accidental
4. Occupational
5. Environmental
 Mercuric sulphide FD : 1 - 2g FP : 3 - 5 days
C/F : H - Hatter’s shakes
G - gingivostomatitis
M - mercurialentis / Minamata disease
E - erethism
R - renal change
C - cerebral palsy
U - urticaria
R - rash
I - intension tremor
Mx : gastric lavage, BAL, N-acetyl penicillamine,
demulcent
MLI : 1. Accidental (mainly)
2. Homicidal & suicidal (rare)
 Lead tetra-oxide FD : 20 - 40 g FP : 1 - 2 days
C/F : A - anemia / anorexia / arthralgia / abortion
B - basophilic stippling
C - colic / constipation
D - drops (wrist / foot)
E - encephalopathy
F - facial pallor / Fanconi syndrome
G - gout like
H - HTN / headache / hallucination
I - infertility / irritability / insomnia
Mx : CaNa2EDTA IV, NaHCO3 , BAL, dietary Mx
MLI : 1. Accidental – acute (rare) , chronic (mainly)
2. Homicidal (rare)
 Carbolic acid FD : 25 – 50mL FP : 3 - 4 hours
Active ingredient : Phenol
C/F : S - sweating
A - anorexia
C - constricted pupil / carboluria / cartilage
deposition (ochronosis)
H - headache
I - increasing weight loss
N - numbness
Mx : gastric lavage, demulcents, saline containing 7g
NaHCO3 IV
MLI : 1. Suicidal (mainly)
2. Accidental
3. Homicidal (rare)
4. Abortification
 Copper sulphate
FD : 10 - 20g FP : 18 hours - 3 days
C/F : C - colic abdominal pain / cramps / coma
O - oliguria
P - paralysis limbs
P - perspiration (cold)
E- emesis (green colour) / eructation
R - rhabdomyolysis
Mx :
MLI : 1. Suicide(mainly)
2. Accidental
3. Homicide (rare)
 Opium (poppy) fruit cover FD : 2g FP : 6 - 12 hours
AP : phenanthrene & benzyl - isoquinolone derivatives
C/F : M - muscle relaxation
O - orthostatic hypotension
R - respiratory depression, reflex absent
P - pinpoint pupil
H - hallucinations
I - irregular feeble pulse
N - nausea
E - euphoria
S – sedations
Mx : gastric lavage, activated charcoal, Naloxone (antidote)
MLI : 1. Suicide(mainly)
2. Accidental (common)
3. Homicide (rare)
4. Euthanasia (favoured drug)
 Seeds of Semecarpus anacardium
FD : 5 - 10g FP : 12 – 24 hours
Active principle : Semicarpol, bhilawanol
C/F : F - fever
U - ulceration
M - micturition painful(brown colour)
E - eczematous contact dermatitis
I - irritation, itching
P - painful blisters
Mx – gastric lavage, demulcent, washing externally with
lukewarm water containing antiseptic
MLI : 1. Accidental(mainly)
2. Homicide / Suicide (rare)
3. False charges of bruise
4. Malingering
5. Criminal abortion
IDENTIFICATION
This is a picture showing mugging
It is a type of strangulation caused by
holding the neck of victim in the bend of
elbow / knee of assailant
MLI :
1. Homicide
2. Understanding position of assailant
3. Cause of death
4. May / may not show any external /
internal injury marks
5. PM appearance like that of ligature
strangulation with broad object
 This is a picture showing forearm
with self inflicted parallel incised
wound
Also called ‘hesitation cuts’
MLI : 1. Suicide
2. Fabricated suicide
3. To avert suspicion
4. False criminal charge / offense
5. Malingering
6. Can be seen in mentally ill persons
7. To make simple injury appear
serious
This is a picture showing PM staining
present on back of body with pale
& blanched area of contact pallor
on shoulder & gluteal region
Also called Livor mortis / PM lividity
MLI : 1. Sign of death
2. Cause of death
3. Time since death
4. Manner of death
5. Posture during / after death
6. Movement of body after death (rare)
 This is a picture showing
communited skull fracture
Also called Spider-web / mosaic fracture where
skull broken into multiple pieces by multiple
intersecting fracture line
MLI : 1. RTA
2. Fall from height on hard surface
3. Homicide (heavy weapon)
4. Complication of fissure / depressed
fracture
5. Firearm injury
6. Position of assailant
7. Direction of injury
 This is a picture showing Grazed
abrasion on right lateral & anterior
aspect of trunk
Also called sliding / scrape / grinding abrasion
which is caused by horizontal / tangential
friction between skin & hard rough surface
MLI : 1. RTA
2. Site & direction of force
3. Age, character & manner of injury
4. Cause of death
5. Cause of abrasion (vehicle, machinery,
etc)
 This is a picture showing dried
saliva mark over front of trunk due
to dribbling in antemortem
hanging
MLI : 1. Usually suicidal
2. Rarely homicidal
3. Cause of death
4. Position of hanging
5. Time since death
 This is a picture showing oblique
ligature mark around neck & dried
saliva dribbling mark over cheek
due to antemortem hanging
MLI : 1. Usually suicidal
2. Rarely homicidal
3. Cause of death
4. Position of hanging
5. Time since death
6. Type of material used
 This is a picture showing man in
complete hanging position
MLI : 1. Usually suicidal
2. Rarely homicidal
3. Cause of death
4. Position of hanging
5. Time since death
6. Type of material used
 This is a picture showing ligature
mark around neck of person &
saliva dribbling mark on right side
of trunk with protrusion of tongue
MLI : 1. Usually suicidal
2. Rarely homicidal
3. Cause of death
4. Position of hanging
5. Time since death
6. Type of material used
 This is a picture showing froth
coming from mouth & nostril
depicting drowning
Type of froth : fine, copious, white ‘shaving lather’ like
which does not collapse when touched with knife
point
Other condition froth seen : strangulation,
electrocution, epileptic shock, opium/OP poisoning
MLI : 1. Usually accidental
2. Suicidal (common)
3. Rarely homicidal
4. Location of drowning (grass, gravel, sand from
clenched fist)
5. Position / posture during drowning
 COMMON COBRA
Neurotoxic
C/F -
Local :
1. small reddish wheal at the bite site
2. bitten area tender with burning pain
3. Local necrosis causes wet gangrene
General :
1. Ptosis
2. Extremities muscle weak
3. Paralysis starts in lower limb
4. Drooping of head, eyelids & lower lips
5. Hypersalivation, paresthesia around mouth

MLI :
1. Accidental
2. Suicide / homicide (rare)
 COMMON KRAIT
Neurotoxic
C/F -
Local :
1. No swelling at the bite site
2. bitten area no burning pain
General :
1. Ptosis
2. Extremities muscle weak
3. Quadripareisis, respiratory paralysis lead to
death
4. Drowsiness more
5. No nausea & froth
#All C/F milder than cobra & bites are quick &
nocturnal with painless venom

MLI :
1. Accidental
2. Suicide / homicide (rare)
 RUSSELL’S VIPER RUSSELL’S VIPER SAW SCALED VIPER
Vasculotoxic / hemotoxic
C/F -
Local :
1. Local reaction with pain & oozing
2. Extensive necrosis leading to gangrene
General :
1. Bilateral parotid swelling
2. Petechial hemorrhage, epistaxis, gum bleeding
3. Acute renal failure
4. Hemodynamic shock
5. Death – circulatory failure (early)
hemorrhagic complication (late)

MLI :
SAW SCALED VIPER 1. Accidental
2. Suicide / homicide (rare)
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VENOMOUS & NO-VENOMOUS
SNAKE
SL. FEATURE VENOMOUS NON-VENOMOUS
No.
1. HEAD SCALES SMALL (VIPERS), LARGE (COBRA, LARGE WITH EXCEPTIONS
KRAIT) UNDER VENOMOUS SNAKES

2. BELLY LARGE, COVER ENTIRE SMALL, DON’T COVER ENTIRE

SCALES BREADTH BREADTH
3. FANGS LONG, CANALIZED SHORT, SOLID

4. TAIL COMPRESSED NOT COMPRESSED

5. BITE MARK 2 FANG MARKS WITH/WITHOUT NUMEROUS SMALL TEETH

SMALL TEETH MARKS MARKS
 MANAGEMENT OF SNAKE BITE
1. REASSURANCE
2. IMMOBILIZATION OF LIMB
3. AVOID INTERERENCE WITH BITE WOUND LIKE
SUCKING, MAKING INCISION OR APLLYING
TORNIQUET
4. CHECK AIRWAY, BREATHING & CIRCULATION
5. GIVE POLYVALENT ANTI SNAKE VENOM
X-RAYS
 This plain x-ray showing lateral & AP view of elbow joint

OSSIFICATION STATUS OF FUSION AGE

CENTRE
OLECRANON FUSED >16 yrs
PROCESS OF ULNA
MEDIAL FUSED >14 yrs
EPICONDYLE
LATERAL FUSED >14 yrs
EPICONDYLE
HEAD OF RADIUS FUSED >16 yrs

Final opinion : The age is estimated to be more than 16yrs

 This plain x-ray showing lateral & AP view of elbow joint

OSSIFICATION STATUS OF FUSION AGE

CENTRE
OLECRANON APPEAR BUT NOT >9 & <17 yrs
PROCESS OF ULNA FUSED
MEDIAL APPEAR BUT NOT >6 & <16 yrs
EPICONDYLE FUSED
LATERAL APPEAR BUT NOT >11 & <16 yrs
EPICONDYLE FUSED
HEAD OF RADIUS APPEAR BUT NOT >5 & <17 yrs
FUSED

Final opinion : The age is estimated to be between 11 to 16yrs

 This plain x-ray showing AP view of wrist joint

OSSIFICATION STATUS OF FUSION AGE

CENTRE
PISSIFORM BONE APPEARED >10 yrs

LOWER END OF APPEARED BUT NOT >2 & <19 yrs

RADIUS FUSED
LOWER END OF APPEARED BUT NOT >5 & <18 yrs
ULNA FUSED
BASE OF 1ST APPEARED BUT NOT >2 & <17 yrs
METACARPAL FUSED

Final opinion : The age is estimated to be between 10 to 17yrs

This plain x-ray showing AP view of wrist joint of both hands

OSSIFICATION STATUS OF FUSION AGE

CENTRE
PISSIFORM BONE APPEARED >10 yrs

LOWER END OF APPEARED BUT NOT >2 & <19 yrs

RADIUS FUSED
LOWER END OF APPEARED BUT NOT >5 & <18 yrs
ULNA FUSED
BASE OF 1ST FUSED >15 yrs
METACARPAL

Final opinion : The age is estimated to be between 15 to 18yrs

 This plain x-ray showing AP view of hip joint of both side
OSSIFICATION STATUS OF FUSION AGE
CENTRE
HEAD OF FEMUR FUSED >17 yrs

GREATER FUSED >17 yrs

TROCHANTER
ILIAC CREST APPEARED BUT NOT >14 & <20 yrs
FUSED
ISCHIAL APPEARED BUT NOT >16 & <20 yrs
TUBEROSITY FUSED
TRIRADIATE OBLITERATED >15 yrs
CARTILAGE

Final opinion : The age is estimated to be between 16 to 20yrs

 This plain x-ray showing AP view of hip joint of both side
OSSIFICATION STATUS OF FUSION AGE
CENTRE
HEAD OF FEMUR APPEARED BUT NOT >1 & <17 yrs
FUSED
GREATER APPEARED BUT NOT <17 yrs
TROCHANTER FUSED
ILIAC CREST NOT APPEARED <14 yrs

ISCHIO-PUBIC RAMI FUSED >8.5 yrs

TRIRADIATE NOT OBLITERATED <14 yrs

CARTILAGE

Final opinion : The age is estimated to be between 8.5 to 14yrs

 MLI OF X-RAY
1. AGE DETERMINATION
2. TYPE OF FRACTURE
3. ANY DEFORMITY
4. ANY ASSOCIATED PATHOLOGY
5. SEX DETERMINATION (HIP JOINT X-RAY)
BONES
 This is a human skull dried & devoid of soft tissues
Sl. Features MALE FEMALE
No.
1. GENERAL APPEARANCE LARGE, HEAVY, SMALL, LIGHT,
ROUGH SMOOTH
2. CRANIAL CAPACITY MORE LESS

3. FOREHEAD SLOPING VERTICAL

4. SUPRA-ORBITAL RIDGE PROMINENT NOT PROMINENT

5. ORBITS SQUARE ROUND

6. GLABELLA PROMINENT NON PROMINENT

 OSSIFICATION CENTRE STATUS AGE
MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE
TEETH SOCKET 16 SOCKETS ERUPTED >17yrs

BASI-OCCIPUT & BASI- FUSED >20yrs >18yrs

SPHENOID
POSTERIOR FUSED FUSED
SAGITTAL 1/3rd 40 - 50yrs 30 - 40yrs
SUTURE
ANTERIOR 1/3rd FUSED NOT FUSED
CORONAL UPPER 1/2 NOT FUSED NOT FUSED 40 - 50yrs <40yrs
SUTURE
LOWER 1/2 FUSED NOT FUSED

Final opinion (male) : The age is estimated to be between 40 to 50 yrs

Final opinion (female) : The age is estimated to be between 30 to 40 yrs
 This is a human mandible dried & devoid of soft tissues
Sl. Features MALE FEMALE
No.
1. GENERAL APPEARANCE LARGE, THICKER SMALL, THINNER

2. CHIN SQUARE ROUNDED

3. MENTAL TUBERCLE PROMINENT NOT PROMINENT

4. ANGLE OF BODY & RAMUS LESS OBTUSE MORE OBTUSE

5. CONDYLES LARGER SMALLER

 OSSIFICATION CENTRE STATUS AGE

TEETH SOCKET 16 SOCKETS ERUPTED >17yrs

MENTAL FORAMEN MIDDLE POSTION >17yrs / MIDDLE AGE

CONDYLAR PROCESS ABOVE CORONOID >17yrs / MIDDLE AGE

POSITION PROCESS

Final opinion (both): The age is estimated to be more than

17yrs to middle age
 This is a human sacrum dried & devoid of soft tissues
Sl. Features MALE FEMALE
No.
1. GENERAL APPEARANCE LONG, HEAVY, SHORT, LIGHT,
ROUGH SMOOTH
2. 1st SACRAL VERTEBRA BREADTH > BREADTH OF ONE < BREADTH OF ONE
SIDE ALA SIDE ALA
3. INNER CURVATURE UNIFORMLY ABRUPTLY CURVED
CURVED OF LAST 2
SEGMENTS
4. SACROILIAC ARTICULATION LARGE UPTO 3RD SMALL EXTEND
SEGMENT UPTO 2 – 2 ½
SEGMENT
Sacral intervertebral discs fuses from below upwards by
21 to 25 yrs
The fusion starts with puberty
Final opinion (both) : The age is estimated to be more
than 21yrs & has crossed puberty
 This is a human hip bone dried & devoid of soft tissues
Sl. Features MALE FEMALE
No.

1. GENERAL APPEARANCE LARGE, ROUGH SMALL, SMOOTH

2. SHAPE HEART SHAPE INLET ELIPTICAL SHAPE

INLET

3. GREATER SCIATIC NOTCH NARROW, DEEP, BROAD, SHALLOW,

SMALL LARGE

4. PELVIC OUTLET SMALL LARGE

5. OBTURATOR FORAMEN LARGE OVAL SMALL TRIANGULAR

6. SUB-PUBIC ANGLE V-SHAPED U-SHAPED

 OSSIFICATION CENTRE STATUS OF FUSION AGE

ISCHIOPUBIC RAMI FUSED >7 YRS

TRIRADIATE FUSED >12 YRS

CARTILAGE

ILIAC CREST FUSED >19 YRS

ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY FUSED >20 YRS

Final opinion (both): The age is estimated to be more than

20yrs
 MLI OF BONES
1. AGE DETERMINATION
2. SEX DETERMINATION
3. TYPE OF FRACTURE
4. ANY DEFORMITY
5. ANY ASSOCIATED PATHOLOGY
6. RACE DETERMINATION (SKULL, MANDIBLE)
INJURY REPORT
 MULTIPLE GRAZED
ABRASION ABRASION
ABRAIDED LACERATED
CONTUSION WOUND
 INJURY REPORT
Name of person :
Ref. no. : Age : Sex :
Address :
Consent : Consent take for physical examination in his
own language
Marks of identification : 1.
2.
Date & time of examination :
Observation : (draw the chart on next page for
given case / cases)

N.B. : Fill information as per availability / add extra points as per your choice
Sl. TYPE SIZE SHAPE POSITION DURATION KIND OF SIMPLE / REMARKS
No. WEAPON GRIEVOUS
1. ABRAIDED 1.5cm Irregular Present <24hrs Hard, blunt Simple injury X-ray
CONTUSION X obliquely over object with advised
1cm mid forehead rough for skull
X 1cm below surface fracture
Soft hairline
tissue
deep
2. MULTIPLE 1cm Irregular Present on <24hrs Hard & Simple injury ---------
ABRASIONS X left hand rough
(3 IN NO.)
1cm knuckle object
X
Skin
Deep
Sl. TYPE SIZE SHAPE POSITION DURATION KIND OF SIMPLE / REMARKS
No. WEAPON GRIEVOUS
3. LACERATED 4cm Irregular Present on <24hrs Hard, blunt Grievous X-ray
WOUND X ly linear left parietal object injury advised
0.5cm area for skull
X fracture
Skull
depth

4. GRAZED 12cm Irregular Present on <24hrs Blunt, Simple injury X-ray

ABRASIONS X right lateral & rough advised
16cm anterior object for ribs
X aspect of fracture
Skin trunk
deep