Paints & Varnishes-Pages

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Course Outcome:

➢Use relevant engineering materials in industry.

Unit Outcomes:
➢Identify the ingredients of the given paints.

➢Differentiate salient properties of the given paint and varnish.


Paint
❖ Paint is used as a final finishing to any surface and also as a coating to protect
and decorate the surfaces.
❖ Paint dries up by oxidation, polymerization or/and evaporation of its
components and gives a thin film which has considerable hiding power.
❖ Paint film is opaque so it is very useful to completely cover and hide the surface.

Paint is a mechanical dispersion mixture of one or more


pigments in a vehicle.
❖ A pigment is solid colouring material suspended in a liquid medium (vehicles,
thinner) that on drying forms protective or decorative film on various surfaces
❖ Paint is available in different forms: oil based, cement based and water based.
Purposes of Applying Paint:
❖Paint protects the iron from corrosion and rusting.
❖Paint protects the iron from wear and tear.
❖Paint protects the wooden surfaces from insects and
fungi.
❖Paint protects the wooden surfaces from moisture.
❖Paint reflects the heat and light.
❖Paint provides beautiful appearance to the surface
on which it is applied. i.e. To give aesthetic look.
❖Paint provides smoothness to the surfaces.
Characteristics of Paint:
❖ It should be easily applicable on the surface with a brush, roller or spraying devices.
❖ It should possess a high spreading or covering power.
❖ It should cover the body uniformly and homogeneously on which it is applied.
❖ It should be resistant to wear and tear of the atmosphere.
❖ It should maintain its colour, smoothness and finish for a long time.
❖ The film produced should be washable.
❖ The film should be glossy and attractive.
❖ It should protect the surface against chemical and environmental effect for a long
time.
❖ It should be elastic.
❖ It should possess good adhesion capacity on the surface.
❖ It should be cheap and ready to use.
❖ The film should not crack or shrink on drying.
❖ When paint is applied on a metal, it should resist corrosion.
Constituents of Paint
1) Pigment
2) Vehicle or film forming materials/drying oil
3) Thinners
4) Driers
5) Pigment extenders or fillers
6) Plasticizers
7) Anti skinning agents
Constituents of Paint- Pigment
Pigment is a solid substance added during manufacturing of paint,
which gives color and opacity to the paint film .
Examples:
White Pigments - White lead, Zinc oxide, Titanium oxide
Colored pigments: Red – Red lead, Ferric oxide, Chrome red
Green – Chromium oxide
Blue – Prussian blue
Black – Carbon black
Brown – Umber brown
Constituents of Paint- Pigment
Functions of Pigments:
1) It provides opacity to the paint film.
2) It provide desired colour to the paint.
3) It gives protection to the paint film by reflecting harmful ultraviolet
radiations.
4) It provides durability and strength to the paint film.
5) It improves impermeability of the film to the moisture.
6) It imparts aesthetic appeal /look to the film.
Constituents of Paint- Vehicle
It is a film forming constituent of paint. Vehicles are a carrier for non-volatile
components of paint.
Examples:
Vehicles for oil paints are -linseed oil, soya bean oil, dehydrated castor oil, fish oil
Vehicle for water based paint is water.
Functions of vehicle:
1) It provides toughness and durability to the paint film.
2) It provides good adhesion to the film.
3) It provides water proof ness to the film.
4) It helps to form the film by evaporation or by oxidation and polymerization of
the unsaturated constituents of the drying oil.
Constituents of Paint- Thinner
Thinner is a colorless solvent that are added in the paint.
Thinner is used to thin oil based paints so that the paint is easy to
apply on the surface.
Thinner evaporates while drying the paint and get dry pigmented film.
Examples:
Turpentine, mineral spirit, benzene, dipentene, naptha, toluene, xylol,
kerosene, methylated napthalene etc.
Functions of Thinner:
1) It reduces the fluidity of paint.
2) It makes the paint smoother.
3) It helps to penetrate the paint into porous structures.
4) It helps to dry the paint film by evaporation.
5) It suspends the pigment.
Constituents of Paint- Drier
Driers are oxygen carrier catalyst.
Examples :
Resinates, linoleates, tungstates and napthnates of Co,
Mn, Pb and Zn.
Functions of Driers:
1) It increases the rate of drying of paint film by oxidation,
polymerization and condensation.
2) It improves the drying quality of the oil film.
Constituents of Paint- Filler
Fillers are the inert solid material but do not effect on the colour of
the paint but they do alter some properties.
Examples:
Quartz, Sand (SiO2), Talc, Baryte (BaSO4), Kaoline, clay, Limestone
Function of fillers or extenders:
1) It increases the durability of the paint.
2) It reduces the cracking of paint film after drying.
3) They increase the random arrangement of pigment particles.
4) They act as a carrier substance for pigments.
5) They are used to fill the voids or pores in the paint.
6) It reduces the cost of paint.
7) It gives good adhesion, hardness and toughness to the paint film.
8) It provides a water resistance to the paint.
Constituents of Paint- Filler
Fillers are the inert solid material but do not effect on the colour of
the paint but they do alter some properties.
Examples:
Quartz, Sand (SiO2), Talc, Baryte (BaSO4), Kaoline, clay, Limestone
Function of fillers or extenders:
1) It increases the durability of the paint.
2) It reduces the cracking of paint film after drying.
3) They increase the random arrangement of pigment particles.
4) They act as a carrier substance for pigments.
5) They are used to fill the voids or pores in the paint.
6) It reduces the cost of paint.
7) It gives good adhesion, hardness and toughness to the paint film.
8) It provides a water resistance to the paint.
Constituents of Paint- Filler
Fillers are the inert solid material but do not effect on the colour of
the paint but they do alter some properties.
Examples:
Quartz, Sand (SiO2), Talc, Baryte (BaSO4), Kaoline, clay, Limestone
Function of fillers or extenders:
1) It increases the durability of the paint.
2) It reduces the cracking of paint film after drying.
3) They increase the random arrangement of pigment particles.
4) They act as a carrier substance for pigments.
5) They are used to fill the voids or pores in the paint.
6) It reduces the cost of paint.
7) It gives good adhesion, hardness and toughness to the paint film.
8) It provides a water resistance to the paint.
Constituents of Paint- Plasticizer
Plasticizers are the substance which imparts elasticity to the
paint film.
Examples :
Tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, diamyl
phthalate, dibutyl tartarate.
Function:
1)Plasticizers are the substances which imparts elasticity to the paint
film and prevents the cracking of film after drying.
Constituents of Paint- Anti skinning agent

Example:
Polyhydroxy phenols
Function:
To prevent gelling and skinning of the paint film.
Constituents of Paint- Anti skinning agent

Example:
Polyhydroxy phenols
Function:
To prevent gelling and skinning of the paint film.
Constituents of Paint & Functions
Constituent of Paint Function
1. Pigment 1.Impart color, opacity, aesthetic look.
2. Protect paint film by reflecting ultra violet light.
2. Vehicle 1. Film forming constituent.
(Drying oil or medium) 2. Impart water proof ness and durability.
3. Thinner 1. Reduce the viscosity of the paint.
2. Dissolve film forming constituent and suspend the pigment.
4. Drier 1.Acts as the oxygen carrier catalyst
2.Improve the drying quality of the paint.
5. Filler 1. Increases the durability of the paint
(Extender) 2. Acts as a pigment carrier.
6. Plasticizer 1. Prevent cracking.
2. Impart elasticity.
7. Anti skinning agent 1.Prevent gelling and skinning of the paint film
Varnishes
❖ Varnish is a solution of a natural or synthetic resins in drying
oil or in volatile solvent or in drying oil and volatile solvent
(thinner) both.
❖ When it is applied on a surface, it gives a transparent, hard,
protective film.
❖ The film dries up by evaporation, oxidation and
polymerization of its constituents leaving behind glossy,
lustrous and durable film.
Types of Varnishes

1)Oil varnish or oleoresinous varnish:


❖ It is a mixture of natural or synthetic resin, oil and thinner
(volatile solvent).
❖ Oil varnish dries up by evaporation of volatile solvent followed by
oxidation and polymerization of the drying oil.
❖ The presence of oil reduces the brittleness of the film.
Example: Copal varnish: Copal varnish is prepared by mixing copal in
linseed oil (drying oil) and turpentine (thinner)
Types of Varnishes

2) Spirit varnish
❖ It is a mixture of resin in a volatile solvent (thinner).
❖ Spirit varnish dries up by evaporation of the volatile solvent and the
film produced is brittle and has a tendency to crack and peel off.
❖ To avoid the brittleness of film small amount of plasticizer is added in a
spirit varnish. Such a varnishes are usually used for polishing wooden
surfaces.
Example: A solution of resin shellac in alcohol.
Sr. No. Paints Varnishes
1 Paint is a mixture of pigment in Varnish is a mixture of resin in drying
vehicle. oil or thinner or in both.
2 Paint contains pigments. Varnish do not contains pigment.
3 Paint produces opaque film. Varnish produces transparent film.
4 Painted surface reflects heat and Varnished surface do not reflects
light. heat and light.
5 Paint has different colours. Varnish has little or no colour.
Thank You

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