हिन्दी

350 शब्दों में निबधं लिखिए

1.भ्रष्टाचार भारत की एक गंभीर समस्या है ,इसका समाधान बताइए
अथवा
२. समय के महत्व पर प्रकाश डालिए
साहित्य- गद्य संकलन
-मजबरू ी कहानी का सारांश लिखिए ।
- तलु सीदासजी का जीवन परिचय, साहित्यिक परिचय एवंउनके पदों की व्याख्या लिखिए!
-साराआकाश में उत्तरार्ध का सारांश अपने शब्दो में लिखिए

Maths
List of suggested assignments for project work:
Section-A
1.Real life applications of integral and derivatives with suitable example.
2..Explore how calculas is used in various field such as navigation astronomy, engineering ,and
physics.
3.Defining matrices and it's types.
4.Difine direction cosine and direction ratios in three dimensional geometry also give suitable
example.
5. For a given function, give the geometrical interpretation of Mean Value theorems. Explain the
significance of closed and open intervals for continuity and differentiability properties of the
theorems
6. Explain the concepts of increasing and decreasing functions, using geometrical
significance of dy/dx. Illustrate with proper examples.
8. Demonstrate application of differential equations to solve a given problem (example,
population increase or decrease, bacteria count in a culture, etc).
9.Explain the conditional probability, the theorem of total probability and the concept of Bayes'
theorem with suitable examples.
10. Explain the types of probability distributions and derive mean and variance of binomial
probability distribution for a given function.
Section-B
1. Using Vector algebra, find the area of a parallelogram/triangle. Also, derive the area
analytically and verify the same.
2.. Using Vector algebra, prove the formulae of properties of triangles (sine/cosine rule, etc.)
3.. Find the distance of a point from a given plane measured parallel to a given line.
4. Find the area bounded by a parabola and an oblique line.
5. Find the area bounded by an ellipse and an oblique line.
Section-C
6. Draw a rough sketch of Cost (C), Average Cost (AC) and Marginal Cost(MC).
7. For a given data, find regression equations by the method of least squares. Also find angles
between regression lines.
8.Using any suitable data,find the minimum cost by applying the concept of Transportation
problem.
9. Using any suitable data, find the minimum cost and maximum nutritional value by applying
the concept of Diet problem.
10.Using any suitable data, find the Optimum cost in the manufacturing problem by formulating
a linear programming problem (LPP)

Physics
Project work
1. Solar Energy: Efficiency of Photovoltaic Cells
- Investigate the efficiency of various photovoltaic cells under different light conditions and
temperatures.
2.Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday’s Law
- Experiment with electromagnetic induction by varying coil configurations and magnetic fields.
3.Optical Instruments: Design and Application of Telescopes
- Build a simple telescope and explore its magnifying power and applications.
4.Electrical Circuits: Series and Parallel Configurations
- Compare the behavior of electrical circuits in series and parallel configurations.
5. Photoelectric Effect: Light and Metal Interaction
- Demonstrate the photoelectric effect and verify Einstein’s equation.
6.Magnetic Fields: Lorentz Force and Its Applications
- Study the Lorentz force on current-carrying conductors and its applications in electric motors.
7.Optics: Diffraction and Interference Patterns
- Study the diffraction and interference of light using single and double slits.
8.Electrostatics: Capacitors and Dielectrics
- Explore the behavior of capacitors with different dielectric materials.
9. Modern Physics: Quantum Tunneling
- Investigate the principles of quantum tunneling using potential barrier models.
10.Nuclear Physics: Fusion and Fission Processes
- Analyze the processes of nuclear fusion and fission and their energy implications.

Chemistry
CHEMISTRY PROJECT WORK TOPICS :-
CLASS 12th
(PROJECT SHOULD BE OF MINIMUM “15” AND MAXIMUM “20” PAGES)
TOPIC NO.
1-Amino Acids : Peptides, Structure and classification, proteins and their role in the
growth of living beings
2-Nucleic Acid : DNA and RNA – their structure, unique nature.Importance in evolution and
characteristic features.
3-Carbohydrates and their metabolism, blood
haemoglobin and respiration
4 Vitamins and Hormones
5 Simple idea of chemical evolution
6-Natural polymers (any five) – Structure, characteristics and uses
Synthetic polymers (any five) – Methods of preparation, characteristics and uses
7-Types of Dyes – Methods of preparation, characteristics and uses
8-Chemicals in medicines : Antiseptics, antibiotics, antacids, etc. and their uses
9-Preparation of soap, nail polish, boot polish, varnish, nail polish remover,
shampoo and perfumes
10 Chemical and chemical processes in forensic studies
11 Insecticides, pesticides and chemical fertilizers
12 Ancient Indian medicines and medicinal plants
13 Organic chemistry in Nutrition, Food science and Biotechnology
14 Effect of Green House Gases
15 How plastics have changed the world, both socially and economically
Biology
1.Human reproductive system-Pranshi sachan
2.Sexually transmitted diseases(STD)-Anirudh pratap singh
3.Population Explosion and Birth control-Ansh shukla
4.Mendel's laws of inheritance.-Deepanshu yadav
5.AIDS-Divyanshi sachan
6.Human genetic disorders.-Prachi Tharu
7.Structure of DNA-Rakshit singh rawat
8.Communicable or Infectious disease.-Shreyansh verma
9.Cancer-Trisha tiwari
10.Drugs and Drug abuse.-Pragya umrao
11.Microbes in human welfare.-Srashti pal
12.Recombinant DNA technology.-Swapnil sachan
13.Interaction between organisms.-Suraj rajput

Suggested Evaluation Criteria for Project Work:

Format of the Project:
(i) Content
(ii) Introduction
(iii) Presentation (graphs, tables, charts,
newspaper cuttings, diagrams, photographs,
statistical analysis if relevant)
(iv) Conclusion/ Summary
(v) Bibliography

ACCOUNTANCY
A list of suggested Projects is given below:(1 mandatory and choose any 1 from rest)
1. Preparation of Journal / sub-division of journal,Ledger, Trial balance and Financial
Statements of a partnership form of business
on the basis of acase study.
• Develop a case study showing how two or more friends decide to come together and start a
business with a certain amount of
capital.
• Prepare their Partnership Deed including interest on capital, partner’s salary,
commission, interest on drawings, interest on partner’s loan and rent paid to a partner.
• Write in detail, their transactions during the year: purchases - cash and credit, sales - cash and
credit, expenses,purchase of fixed
assets and depreciation charged on them, any outstanding expenses, prepaid
expenses,accrued income, drawing bills of exchange, accepting bills payable etc.
• From this case study developed (which should have at least 15 transactions), pass the journal
entries, post them into the ledger
, prepare a Trial Balance and the Trading and Profit andLoss Account, Profit and Loss
AppropriationAccount and Balance Sheet.
• The various expenses, for comparison purposes, could be depicted in the form of bar
diagrams and pie charts.
• Calculate relevant accounting ratios like liquidity, solvency, activity and profitability
giving their formulae and computation (all this could be part of the viva-voce)
• The ratios could also be shown graphically and/ or pictorially (bar diagrams and pie
charts) and if possible, could be compared with the ratios of the industry.
2. Preparation of a Cash Flow Statement with the help of audited / unaudited / imaginary
Balance Sheets of a company for two
consecutive accounting years or two consecutive quarters of an accounting year could be taken
along with at least five
additional information(depreciation,purchase/ sale of fixed assets, dividend
paid/proposed, tax paid/ proposed, amortization of intangible assets, profit or loss on sale of
fixed assets including provision for depreciation on them and profit or loss on sale of
investment).
• The results of the operating, investing and financing activities could be shown
graphically and/ or pictorially (bar diagrams and pie charts).
3. Preparation of Common Size and Comparative Income Statement and Balance Sheet of
acompany by taking into account its audited, unaudited / imaginary financial results of two
consecutive quarters of an
accounting year or of two consecutive accounting years.
• The comparison has to be made in the form of Common Size and Comparative Income
Statement and Balance Sheet.
• The comparison could also be shown graphically and/ or pictorially (bar diagrams and pie
charts).
4. Taking the audited/ unaudited / imaginary financial results of any leading company, its
liquidity, solvency, activity and profitability ratios of two consecutive accounting years or of two
consecutive quarters of an accounting
year should be calculated and the comparison of the ratios of both the years or
quarters should be showngraphically and/ or pictorially (bar diagrams and pie charts).

COMMERCE (857)
Candidates will be expected to have completed two projects from any topic covered in Theory.
A list of suggested Projects is given below:(choose any two topic)
1. Compare marketing strategies adopted by two different companies of the same industry
(FMCG / Telecommunication / media /education industry etc.) keeping in mind the following:
− Product mix
− Price Mix
− Place Mix
− Promotion Mix
2. Collect newspaper/magazine clippings of five cases filed by consumers in the Consumer
Court.Find out the rights
violated, and the redressal mechanism used.What was the outcome of each case?
3. Visit a commercial Bank. Find out the procedure to open a savings account.
Find out the details of various Agency & General utility services provided by the bank.
4. Compare the interest rates offered by five different commercial banks on fixed deposits
under various categories (general and senior citizens) and various time durations.Find out the
procedure and formalities for opening a
fixed deposit account.What is the procedure for closing the account on maturity and
before maturity period?
5. Select five different companies across varying industries such as I.T., textiles, FMCG, Health
Care, etc., included in the
SENSEX. Keeping a hypothetical base money of Rupees One Lakh, invest in the shares of the
selected companies.
The movement of share prices selected by you should be monitored over a period
of one month on a daily basis. A uniform / standard practice of either using the opening price or
the closing price on a particular day
of the week should be used by all students in the class. At the end of the month,analyse
yourinvestment in a spread sheet and give reasons for your choice of scripts.
6. Find out the names of companies under various sectors (FMCG, Pharma, automobile, etc)
included in the NIFTY and the SENSEX.
Make a chart of the same and track its movements over a period of one week.
7.Select any business undertaking. Study the selected business in terms of ownership, capital
and profitability.Make a S.W.O.T. analysis and present it in a tabular form.

ECONOMICS (856)
Candidates will be expected to have completed two projects from any topic covered in Theory.
A list of suggested Projects is given below:(choose any two topic)
1. Study a Public Sector Enterprise with reference to its relevance to the Indian Economy and its
future prospects.Analyse
the trend of its growth for the last ten years.
2. Conduct a Socio-Economic survey of a locality (minimum sample size should be 30
households)with reference to:
(a) Demographic features.
(b) Consumption Pattern – Expenditure on necessities, comforts and luxuries.
(c) Occupational structure.
3. Compare the contribution made by different sectors of the economy towards GDP
growthduring the planning period.
4. Prepare a report on the competition in the Aviation Sector in India with reference to:
(a) Performance of the Public Sector and Private Sector.
(b) Operational strategies adopted by budget/low cost carriers.
5. Make a comparative analysis of lending performance of five Commercial Banks in the
past six years with reference to the changing CRR and SLR.
6. Make a comparative study of the allocation of financial resources of the Central Government
Budget on Agriculture, Defence, Industry and Education in the last ten years. Prepare a report
on your observations.

English
Word limit for English Language project:
500 words
Word limit for English Literature project: 1000-1500 words
File Type: Cardboard file (Use creative decoration for the cover page)
Kindly arrange the pages in the following sequence:
1. Topic/Title of the project (Signature of Examiner at the bottom of the page)
2. Index
3. Acknowledgement
4. Introduction
5. Main Body (with sub-headings)
6. Conclusion
7. Bibliography
8. List of suggested English Language Topics (Select any one of the following)
a) The text of a brochure
b) A product description
c) A process description (e.g. Instruction to operate a device, a recipe scientific experiment)
d) Description of a sporting event
e) An autobiographical experience
f) Review of a television serial List of suggested English Literature Topics (Select any one of the
following)
a) Analysis of the theme from any short story/poem in the prescribed text
b) Analysis of a character from the drama or any short story/ poem in the prescribed texts.
c) Background- historical cultural literary context and relevance of the writer/poet chosen
d) Summary/paraphrase of the chosen text
e) Appreciation of the literary qualities of the chosen text
Note: Prepare the project as guided by your subject teacher in class.