Decline of feudalism Fall of Constantinople (1453)
Growth of trade and commerce Printing press invention (1440s) Increased interaction with Islamic Patronage of arts by wealthy and Byzantine cultures families like the Medici Development of humanism and Rediscovery of classical texts and individualism ideas
Renaissance
Short-term Effects: Long-term Effects:
Artistic and cultural transformation, Spread of humanism, Literary revival, impact on art and Scientific and architecture, technological scientific revolution, advancements, political and economic Political and social transformation, change. lasting cultural legacy.