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11
SCIENCE
QUARTER
Week 4

CapSLET
Capsulized Self-Learning Empowerment
Toolkit

Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga City

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

WRITTEN BY:
CHONA T DUMDUM, T-I LEIZEL S. ESONA, T-II
San Roque NHS MANICAHAN NHS
 1

Earth &
SUBJECT & Life -----------------------------------------------------------
QUARTER 2 WEEK 4 DAY ________________--__________________
GRADE/LEVEL Science dd/mm/yyyy
Grade 11
TOPIC Process of Genetic Engineering
LEARNING 4. Describe the process of genetic engineering. (S11/12LT-IIej-17)
COMPETENCY 5. Evaluate the benefits and risks of using GMOs. (S11/12LT-IIej-19)
IMPORTANT: Do not write anything on this material. Write your answers on the separate
sheets. Do not forget to answer the Self-Assessment Questions (SAQs).

UNDERSTAND
Process of Genetic Engineering

What are genes?

Genes are the basic functional unit of heredity,

transferred from parent organism to its offspring. Genes
carry the blueprint of life codified in the double helical
structures called DNA.

Genes define the

Cell
characteristic, structure, Chromosome
growth, and behavior of
the organism to a large
extent. Long limbs, blue
Nucleus
eyes, red flowers, blue
wings, broad leaves,
muscular body, high IQ
Gen
etc. for example might e
be greatly impacted by
GENES. DNA

What is Genetic Engineering?

 Genetic Engineering is the direct modification of an organism’s genome, which is

the list of specific traits (genes) stored in the DNA. Changing the genome enables
engineers to give desirable properties to different organisms
 Also called Recombinant DNA Technology, Genetic Modification and
Biotechnology, Gene cloning, Gene manipulation, and New genetics.
 Organisms created by genetic engineering are called genetically modified
organisms(GMOs).

WRITTEN BY:
CHONA T DUMDUM, T-I LEIZEL S. ESONA, T-II
San Roque NHS MANICAHAN NHS
 2

 Genetic engineering is a set of techniques that are used to achieved one or more
of the three goals:

How is Genetic Engineering done?

1.To reveal the
processes of how
genes are inherited and
expressed. .
The process of Genetic
Engineering is not a simple task,
it requires complex machinery
and innovative minds. Since
2. To generate genetic farming began, humans have
economic benefits which been selectively breeding
include: improved plants different plants, doing so,
and animals for provided more food and better
food for all. This process is
agriculture, and efficient
genetic engineering in much
production of valuable
simpler terms than we think of it
biopharmaceuticals.
today.

Now, when one thinks of

genetic engineering, they are
3. To provide effective more likely to picture a
treatment for various complicated science which
diseases particularly involves altering the very building
genetic. blocks of life. All genetic changes
affect the protein synthesis of the
organism. By changing which
proteins are produced, genetic
engineers can affect the overall
Did you know that…… traits of the organism.
Genetic modification can be
completed by a number of
Dolly was the first mammal cloned. different methods:
She had the same exact DNA as
 Inserting new genetic
her mother and had no father.
material randomly or in
Cloning is a form of asexual targeted locations
reproduction.  Direct replacement of
genes (recombination)
Only one genetic parent.
 Removal of genes
 Mutation of existing genes
Genetic engineering uses
different types of techniques.
The following are:

 1.Artificial selection
 2. Cloning
 3. Gene splicing
 4. Gel electrophoresis:
SAQ 1: How is genetic engineering changing
our world? analyzing DNA

WRITTEN BY:
CHONA T DUMDUM, T-I LEIZEL S. ESONA, T-II
San Roque NHS MANICAHAN NHS
 3

Steps in creating GMO

In describing the process, the example of a bacterium carrier is use to create a

genetically modified plant that will be used as a guide to each step.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
bacterium

1 The plasmid is removed

from the bacterium, and the
T-DNA is cut by a restriction
enzyme.

2 Foreign DNA is
cut by the same
enzyme.

3 The foreign DNA is

inserted into the T-
DNA of the
plasmid.
4
The plasmid
is reinserted
into a
bacterium.
5
The
bacterium is
used to insert
the T-DNA
carrying the
foreign gene
into the 6
chromosome of The plant
a plant cell. cells are
grown in
culture.

7 A plant is generated from

a cell clone. All of its cells
carry the foreign gene
and may express it as a
new trait.

SAQ 2: Why do you think the plant in the figure above became a subject for gene
modification?

WRITTEN BY:
CHONA T DUMDUM, T-I LEIZEL S. ESONA, T-II
San Roque NHS MANICAHAN NHS
 4

What is GMO?

Genetically Modified Organisms are the ones in

which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in History of GMO Development
such a way as to get the required quality. This technology
is often called ‘gene technology’, or ‘recombinant DNA 1973: created first genetically
technology’, or ‘genetic engineering’ and the resulting modified bacteria
organism is said to be ‘genetically modified’, ‘genetically
engineered’, or ‘transgenic’ (Sabha, 2009). 1974: created GM mice
1982: first commercial
Genetic modification may include the addition of
development of GMOs
DNA from species that would not breed in nature. It may
also involve removing species strand of DNA. Genes of (insulin-producing bacteria)
one organism are cut, spliced, and forced into genes of 1994: began to sell
another related or unrelated organism in a laboratory to genetically modified food
create an unnatural and new organism or crop called
Genetically Modified Organism. 2003: began to sell GMOs as
pets (Glofish)

Bacteria are the most common GMOs because their

simple structure permits easy manipulation of their
DNA.
One of the most interesting uses for genetically
modified bacteria is the production of hydrocarbons
(plastics and fuels) usually only found in fossil fuels.
 Cyanobacteria have been modified to produce
plastic (polyethylene) and fuel (butanol) as
byproducts of photosynthesis
 E. Coli bacteria have been modified to
produce diesel fuel

Venomous Cabbage
Scorpion genes added to the
cabbage prevent insects from
eating it. But safe for human
consumption

WRITTEN BY:
CHONA T DUMDUM, T-I LEIZEL S. ESONA, T-II
San Roque NHS MANICAHAN NHS
 5

What are the benefits and risks of using GMOs?

(Benefits) (Risks)

ENVIRONMENTAL

Pest-resistant crops mean less Toxins in pest-resistant GMOs could

chemical insecticides are used. negatively impact non-target organisms
and harm ecosystems.

Less need to plow and spray crops also Cross species pollination could spread
save fuel, reduced carbon footprint. herbicide resistance genes and create
‘super-weeds’.

Improved shelf-life means less Biodiversity could be negatively affected by

wasted/spoiled food in stores. destruction of pests, weeds, and even
competing plants.

Carbon-storage and decrease the effect

of climate change may be acquired from
the use of GM trees. Recent research by
WWF shows that since 1988 there have
been 184 GM tree field trials globally.

HEALTH
Nutritional value of foods can be Antibiotic resistance genes used as
improved by enhancing vitamins. markers during gene transfer could spread
to pathogenic bacteria.
Crops can be produced that lack natural Transferred genes could mutate and
allergens or toxins. cause unexpected risks.

GM crops can be engineered to produce Proteins transcribed and translated from

cheap, edible vaccines. transferred genes could cause allergic
GM bacteria produce cheap medical reactions in human or other animals-
compounds such as insulin and clotting currently GM foods are not necessarily
factor. labeled.

AGRICULTURAL
Crops can be made to be drought, cold, Big biotech companies hold monopolistic
and salinity resistant, expanding range legal rights(patent) over GM seeds and
for farming and increasing crop yields. farmers must pay large sums for seeds
each year. They are not permitted to save
and resow seeds, so strains are not able
to adapt to local conditions.
Herbicide resistant GM crops allow easy GMOs with pest toxins could increase
killing of weeds that sucks nutrients from evolution of resistance in certain pest
crop plants. populations.

Crop varieties can be produced that are

resistant to viruses.
GM crops can produce herbicides to kill
pests.

WRITTEN BY:
CHONA T DUMDUM, T-I LEIZEL S. ESONA, T-II
San Roque NHS MANICAHAN NHS
 6

SAQ 3: If farmers may prefer to yield GMO crops, do these GMO crops have an impact on
bees or butterflies? Why? Why not?

Let’s Practice! (Write your answer on a separate sheet.)

Now, it’s time for you to experience an activity that will help you
understand more about GENETIC ENGINEERING. 
Task 1: Describe me Genetically!!!
Directions: Currently, millions of diabetics worldwide use synthetic
insulin to regulate their blood sugar levels. Below is the flowchart of how insulin is
being produced out from bacteria. Give a brief description of what happened at
every stage during insulin production.
Bacterium Human cell
1

Plasmid DNA DNA

2

2
3

3
4

6
6

Guide Questions:
1. What is the role of the human cell at the start of the flowchart?
2. Do you agree that genetic engineering has made a substantial impact on human
welfare? Why? Why not?

WRITTEN BY:
CHONA T DUMDUM, T-I LEIZEL S. ESONA, T-II
San Roque NHS MANICAHAN NHS
 7

Task 2: GMO Facts or Myths!!!

DIRECTIONS: Evaluate each statement whether it is FACT or MYTH about GMO.
Write FACT if the statement is true and MYTH if the statement is false on your answer
sheet.
_____1. Genetic engineering is a radical technology.

_____2. GMOs are too new for us to know if they are dangerous.

_____3. GMOs is the only answer to make sure the world is food-secure.

_____4.Genetically modified crops cause farmers to overuse pesticides and herbicides.

_____5. GMOs could create super-insects and super-weeds.

_____6. GMOs can harm beneficial insect species.

_____7. GM crops and products could cause allergic reactions.

_____8. GMOs are vital in producing cheaper vaccines, antibiotics, and insulins.

_____9. Consuming GM products can change our gene sequence.

_____10. GMOs aren’t limited to food .

REMEMBER
Key Points

 GENETIC ENGINEERING is the process of using technology to change the genetic

makeup of an organism- be it an animal, a plant, or a bacterium.

 There are several steps in the process of genetic engineering. Scientist follow a step
by step process in order to alter the DNA of an organism.

 Genetically Modified Organisms are the ones in which the genetic material (DNA)
has been altered to get the desired quality.

 Some of the benefits of using GMOs are: Minimization of pesticide use, Carbon-
storage and climate change, Increase agricultural activity, Edible vaccines, and
Intentionally “invasive” uses.

 While some of the risks are: Genetic contamination/inter-breeding, Competition

with natural Species, Increased selection pressure on target and non-target
organisms, and Impossibility of follow-up.

WRITTEN BY:
CHONA T DUMDUM, T-I LEIZEL S. ESONA, T-II
San Roque NHS MANICAHAN NHS
 8

TRY
Good Job for accomplishing the given activities and for answering every question correctly!
Now, let us deepen your learnings by answering the exercises below. 

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet.

1. Genetic engineering can be used to alter 6.The diagram below represents one
bacterial cells in order to produce human technique used in biotechnology. The
insulin. The stages in the process are: substance used to cut the bacterial DNA
so that the human DNA could be
I. Insulin gene extracted from a human cell. inserted is a _______.

II. Bacteria divide and produce large

quantities of human insulin.

III. Plasmid is removed from bacterial cell

and “cut” open.

IV. Insulin gene is inserted into bacterial

plasmid.
A. S- Gene; T-Plasmid
The correct sequence of these stage is B. S- Gene; T- Bacterium
A. 1,3,4,2 C. S- Chromosome; T- Plasmid
B. 1,3,2,4 D. S- Chromosome; T- Bacterium
C. 3,4,2,1
D. 3,1,2,4 7. Which of the following describes what
happens after the section of DNA has
2. Which of the following best describes the been inserted into the plasmids?
process of genetic engineering? A. The plasmid is taken and
destroyed.
A. swapping of genes between organisms B. The plasmid is inserted into a
B. construction of new genetics of DNA human.
C. hybridising of different species C. The plasmid is cloned.
D. transfer of DNA from one organism to D. The plasmid is inserted back into
another a bacterial cell.

3. Which among the condition below you think be 8. A result of genetically modified crops,
the last to happened of an organism which chemical use on farms has:
had underwent genetic engineering?
A. Gone up dramatically.
A. A plant that received external DNA to B. Gone down dramatically.
produce natural insecticides. C. Gone up on some crops but there
B. A new plant variety created as a result is little or no change on others.
of mutation. D. Not changed.
C. Seedless fruits resulting from spraying
the flowers with chemicals. 9. What are the current benefits of having
D. A plant that naturally possesses foods made from genetically modified
medicinal properties. crops?

4. Which might be the result of the gene of an A. They improve farm profitability
organism that had underwent genetic and make some farmers’ jobs
modification? easier.
B. They allow farmers to greatly
A. The gene was removed. decrease the amount of crops
B. The gene was added. produced.
C. The gene was replaced. C. They improve the quality taste of
D. The gene was divided. food.
D. They cause damage to the
environment.
WRITTEN BY:
CHONA T DUMDUM, T-I LEIZEL S. ESONA, T-II
San Roque NHS MANICAHAN NHS
 9

5. In some people, the lack of a particular 10. What effect does eating genetically
enzyme causes a disease. Scientists are modified foods have on your genes?
attempting to use bacteria to produce this
enzyme for the treatment of people with the A. It could cause your genes to
disease. Which row in the chart best mutate.
describes the sequence of steps the scientists B. It could cause your genes to
would most likely follow? absorb the excess genes.
C. It has no effect on your genes.
Row
Step A Step B Step C Step D D. The effect on human genetics
Identify Insert the Remove Extract the
1 the gene. gene into the gene. enzyme. aren’t known.
a
bacterium.
Insert the Identify Remove Extract the
2 gene into the gene. the gene. enzyme..
a
bacterium.
Identify Remove Insert the Extract the
3 the gene. the gene. gene into enzyme.
a
bacterium.
Remove Extract the Identify Insert the
4 the gene. enzyme.. the gene. gene into a
bacterium.

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
"Findarticles.Com | Cbsi". 2020. Findarticles.Com.
https://www.findarticles.com/cf_0m0999/7183_318/5417903//print.jhtml.

REFERENCE/S 2020. https://info.vttresearch.com/.

2020. https://www.basf.com/en/company/research/ourfocus/plant-biotechnology.html.

2020. https://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/human_genome/elsi/gmfoods.shtml.

"Google Books". 2020. Books.Google.Com.Ph. https://books.google.com.ph.

"Chris Paine". 2020. Slideshare.Net. https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/diverzippy/.

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WRITTEN BY:
CHONA T DUMDUM, T-I LEIZEL S. ESONA, T-II
San Roque NHS MANICAHAN NHS