NAME _________________________________ ADM NO.

___________________

STREAM ___________________________________ SCHOOL _____________________

INDEX NO ___________________________________ DATE ________________________

231/1
Biology paper 1
TIME: 2 HOURS

HAWK 2, JUNE 2023

Instructions to candidates
(a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above
(b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
(c) Answer all the questions in the spaces provided
(d) Additional pages must not be inserted
(e) This paper consists of 11 printed pages
(f) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and
that no questions are missing.

For examiners use only.

Question Maximum score Candidate’s score

1-28 80

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1. Name two branches of biology that an oncologist needs to study in details. (2marks)
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2. (a) State two causes of seed dormancy. (2marks)
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(b) Name the tissue in plants responsible for:

(i) Primary growth. (1mark)

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(ii) Secondary growth. (1mark)

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3. (a) A form one student trying to estimate the size of onion cells observed the following on the microscope’s
field of view. If the student counted 20 cells across the field of view, calculate the actual size of 1 cell.
(3 marks)

4. Name the causative agent of the following diseases. (2marks)

i) Candidiasis…………………………………………………………………….…………………
ii) Cholera……………………………………………………………..……………….…………...

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5. (a) State two adaptations of the alveolus to its functions (2marks)
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(b) What is the significance of the cartilage found in the human trachea being incomplete? (1mark)
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6. Suggest three reasons why green plants are included in a fish aquarium. (3marks)

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7. Give two reasons why accumulation of lactic acid during vigorous exercise leads to an increase in heartbeat.
(2marks)
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8. A teacher set-up the apparatus below to investigate a certain phenomenon. The cobalt (II) chloride paper
was placed on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf as shown.

i) What was the aim of the experiment? (1mark)

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ii) What observations were made after 2hrs? (2marks)
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9. Below is the dental formula of a mammal.

0 0 3 2
i , c , pm , m
4 0 3 3

(a) What is the total number of teeth? (1mark)

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(b) (i) What is mode of feeding in the mammal? (1mark)
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(ii) Give one reason for your answer above. (1mark)

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10. The diagram below represents a cell organelle

X
Y

a) Explain how the above cell organelle is adaptation to its function. (1mark)
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b) State the function of the part labeled X. (1mark)
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c) Explain how dark stage of photosynthesis is dependent on the light stage. (2marks)
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11. A student set up an experiment to investigate a certain process. Study it and answer the questions that
follow. The cubes are of the same size and shape.

(a) (i) Name the process being investigated. (1mark)

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(ii) What observations would be made after 40 minutes? (1mark)

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(b) Account for your observation. (2 marks)

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 (c) Suggest a control experiment for this experiment. (1mark)

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12. Which one of the cell organelles would be found in large numbers in;
a) An enzyme secreting cell (1mark)
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b) A rapidly respiring cell in comparison to other cells in the same organism (1mark)
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13. The diagram below represents an experimental set up to investigate a certain scientific concept. The potted
plant was first destarched by keeping it in dark for four days.

The set up was then placed in sunlight for five hours and leaves were tested for starch.

a) What scientific concept was being investigated? (1mark)

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b) i) Give the results likely to be obtained after starch test for A and B.

A …………………………………………………………………………. ……… (1mark)

B ………………………………………………………………………………… (1mark)

iii) Account for the results in leaf A in b (i) above. (1mark)

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14. state two functions of enzyme thrombokynase in blood clotting process (2marks)
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15. The illustration below show different types of neurons along reflex arc.

i.) Identify the three neurons marked 1, 2 and 3. (3marks)

1………………………………………………………………………..………………………

2…………………………………………………………………..……………………………

3……………………………………………………………………………………………….

iv) Using an arrow, show the direction of nerve impulse transmission on the diagram. (1mark)

16. Give two physiological changes that occur in the body to lower carbon (IV) oxide level back to normal
after a vigorous exercise. (2marks)

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17. The scheme below shows a process that takes place in the human gut.
Trypsinogen + substance K Trypsin
a) Name substance K (1mark)
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b) In which part of the gut does the process occur (1mark)

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 c) Name the substrate that is acted upon by trypsin and the product formed. (2marks)
Substrate……………………….…………………………………………………………………………
Product……………………………….……………………………………………………………………
18. What is meant by the following terms? (3 marks)
i) Genetic counselling

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ii) Test cross

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iii) Variation
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19. The diagram below represents a certain organism.

State the phylum and class to which it belongs. (2mks)

Phylum …………………………………………………………………………………………………
Class …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
20. a) Explain the importance of transport in plants. (2marks)
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b) What is the role of root hairs in plants? (1mark)

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21. Small birds like the European robin puff up (swell up) their feathers during winter. Explain the significance
of this behavioral response. (3 marks)
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22. a) During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur? (1mark)
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b) State the functions of the following male hormones.

i) Follicle stimulating hormone. (1mark)

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ii) Luteinizing hormone. (1mark)

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23. (a) Which substance in the cigarettes smoke may cause lung cancer. (1mark)
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(b) The table below shows differences in air breathed in and out.

Gas Volume of air Volume of air

breathed in breathed out

Oxygen 21.00 16.00

Carbon (IV) oxide 0.04 4.00

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 What is the reason for the differences? (2marks)

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24. An experiment was set to investigate a certain aspect of response. A seedling was put on a horizontal
position as shown in figure M below. After 24 hours, the set up was as shown in figure N.

M N

a) Name the response exhibited. (1mark)

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b) Explain the curvature of the shoot upwards. (3marks)

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25. a) What is alternation of generations (2marks)

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b) Explain why leaves of Pteridophytes are referred to as Fronds. (1mark)

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26. Explain why the shortest food chains are always the most efficient (1mark)
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27. In a prolonged drought period, forage was scarce. It made animals reach out for higher forage and this way
the giraffes got the stretched long necks.
(a) What is the term used for a characteristic such as the long necks outlined? (1mark)
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(b) What is the name given to the theory that describes the evolution of such structures like the long
necks? (1 mark)
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(c) State and explain the limitation of the theory you named in (b) above. (2marks)
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