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CRITICAL THINKING

Part I: Multiple choice questions (30p)

CODE 1 : 21/05/2023
1. Identify the fallacy involved here:
You should not believe what he says about our economy because he is a left-
learning, card- carrying liberal.
A. Ad hominem
B. Scare tactics
C. Hasty generalization
D. Bandwagon

2. Identify the ambiguity:

"Quyết định liều tiêm cho trẻ 5-11 tuổi" (VTV news)
A. Semantic ambiguity
B. Syntactic ambiguity
C. Grouping ambiguity
D. No ambiguity

3. What should you not rely on when making a judgement?

A. bservation
B. Interests
C. Common knowledge
D. Past experience

4. Choose the best fallacy, if there is one, for the following: You have been
lecturing me about not joining a gang. But Dad, you were a gang member
and you never went to jail. So I'll make my own decision about joining a
gang ,
A. Ad hominem
B. Appeal to emotion

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C. Two wrongs make a right

D. Bandwagon

5. When Klemline spokeman described Ukraine war as "special operation",

what thetorical device did he use?
A. Hyperbole
B. Rhetorical definition
C. Rhetorical analogy
D. Euphemism

6. Decide whether the following statement is deductive or inductive

Some antibiotics are effective for treating certain bacterial infections. You have
a bacterial infectionYou are taking the antibiotic Q. Thus the antibiotic you are
taking will be effective in treating your bacterial infection
A. Inductive
B. Deductive

7. Which diagram best describes the inner structure of the following argument?
(1) My working overtime each day for the next three weeks, and (2) my
coming in on weekends, (3) will guarantee that I will finish the report early.
Of course, (4) it is also possible that working a normal 40-hour week will
lead to the same result. Therefore, (5) finishing the report early will lead to a
bigger pay- check. (6) It could also lead to a promotion.

A 1 2 4 B 1 2 3 4 5 C 1 2 3 4 5

3
6 6
5 6

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D 2 3 4

1 5

8. Which of the following arguments is/are valid? You can choose more than
one option
A. Yamamoto or Jiabao will be the US president in 2016. Therefore, Yamamoto
will be the US president in 2016.
B. Jiabao will be the US president in 2016. ThereforeYamamoto or Jiabao will
be the US president in 2016
C. Yamamoto will be the US president in 2016, Therefore, Jiabao will never be
the US president again
D. Yamamoto or Jiabao will be the US president in 2016. Jiabao will not be the
US president in 2016Therefore, Yamamoto will be the US president in 2016.

9. Evaluate the argument in the following statement.

It's not the care that if Sam makes the team then Frank will make the team. It's
not the case that either Sam or Bill will make the team Thus, Bill won't make
the team and Frank will make the team
A. Valid
B. Invalid

10.Decide whether the following statement is true or false

One way the fallacy of division can occur is by the mistaken transfer of an attribute
of an object as a whole to the individual parts of the object.
A. True
B. False

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CODE 1 : 03/01/2023
1. Choose the fallacy, if there is one, for the following:
An article in a cheap magazine has the title "the panda's will save us from
climate change!". In the article it makes the claim that just after the panda bear
population started declining we saw a rise in global warming
A. Post-hoc/cum-hoc
B. Hasty generalisation
C. Straw man
D. Circle reasoning

2. What kind of inductive reasoning is it?

Many inexplicable phenomena have eventually been explained by science, so
consciousness will eventually have a scientific explanation.
A. Inducing from analogy
C. Generalizing from a sample
B. Causal reasoning
D. Inductive syllogism

3. Which of the following is not a claim?

A. Studies show that COVID-19 vaccines are effective at keeping you from
getting COVID-19.
B. That doesn't make me feel any safer
C. Stop making that stupid noise!
D. It is reasonable to tax the wealthy to pay for coronavirus

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4. Determine whether the following argument is valid (V) or invalid (1):

All pollution-free devices are completely efficient machines. No automol
completely efficient machines. No automobiles are pollution-free devices.
A. Valid
B. Invalid
5. Choose the best fallacy, if there is one, for the following:
A state government is debating whether or not they should lower the voting age
member of parliament says that if they were to allow for a lower voting age to 17,
then 16 year olds would start insisting on the right to vote! If we lower it to 17,
why not 16? Before long, babies will be voting!
A. subjectivism
B. wishful thinking
C. overgeneralization
D. slippery slope
6. Identify the ambiguity/vagueness if there is: "We should raise tax on the
wealthy:"
A. semantic ambiguity.
B. syntactic ambiguity
C. grouping ambiguity.
D. vagueness.
7. Evaluate the argument in the following statement.
"We approached women in malls, college campuses, office buildings, and airports,
until we had interviewed a thousand. Eighty-two percent told us they don't feel
disadvantaged by being women. Even accounting for the error margin, that gives a
clear majority who feel this way."
A. Valid
B. Invalid
C. Weak
D. Strong

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8. Identify the rhetorical device involved here:

"Open this envelope and you'll get a check for three million dollars, if your name
appears on our list of winners."
A. Stereotype
B. Weaseler
C. Downplayer
D. Proof surrogate

9. Determine whether the following is valid (V) or invalid (1):

If the jam is tasty then the berries are sweet. Either the berries are sweet or sugar
must be addedIf sugar must be added but the jam is not tasty, then the jam will not
sell well. The berries are not sweet. We can conclude the jam will not sell well.
A. Valid
B. Invalid
10. "Evidences show that people who live in the Antarctic score higher on
happiness surveys than those who live in Florida." Which is the best conclusion
that can be drawn from this data?
A. Floridians would be happier if they moved to Antarctic.
B. People in colder climate are happier than those in warmer climate.
C. There are only happy people in the Antarctic
D. Those in the Antarctic who scored high on a happiness survey probably like
snow

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CODE 3 : 03/01/2023
1. Consider the following argument and determine whether it is an inductive
generalization or analogical argument:
I'm scared to let Susan see me in this sweaterA couple of my other friends told me
it makes me look like a child, and she's at least as critical as they are.
A. Argument from analogy
B. Inductive Generalization

2. Evaluate the argument in the following statement

All pollution-free devices are completely efficient machines. No automobiles are
completely efficient machines. No automobiles are pollution-free devices.
A. Valid
B. Invalid

3. Is there an argument in the following text?

"From the 15th century European sailors reach the lands of the east by sailing west.
Those who sailed on and survived eventually arrived back in Europe. When they
claimed they had sailed around the world, few people believe them."
A. Yes
B. No

4. Which is NOT a likely premise for this situation? I can't turn on the lamp in
the family room
A. The lamp isn't plugged into an electrical outlet
B. We just bought a new couch in a color that matches the lamp
C. There's a power outage in the neighborhood
D. The light bulb in the lamp has burned out

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5. Determine the validity of the following argument:

If the jam is tasty then the berries are sweet. Either the berries are sweet or sugar
must be added
If sugar must be added but the jam is not tasty, then the jam will not sell well. The
berries are not sweet. We can conclude the jam will not sell well.
A. Valid
B. Invalid

6. Choose the best fallacy, if there is one, for the following:

A state government is debating whether or not they should lower the voting age. A
member of parliament says that if they were to allow for a lower voting age to 17,
then 16 year olds would start insisting on the right to vote! If we lower it to 17why
not 16? Before long, babies will be voting!
A. Appeal to Pity
B. Slippery slope
C. 2 wrongs make a right
D. Scare Tactics

7. Choose the best fallacy, if there is one, for the following:

Students who break the rules should be suspended from school. I broke the rule
but I shouldn't be suspended because I would be in a lot of trouble with my
parents!
A. Appeal to Emotion
B. Appeal to popularity
C. Straw Man
D. Begging the Question

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8. "Evidences show that people who live in the Antarctic score higher on
happiness surveys than those who live in Florida". Which is the best
conclusion that can be drawn from this data?
A. Floridians would be happier if they moved to Antarctic
B. People in colder climate are happier than those in warmer climate
C. There are only happy people in the Antarctic
D. Those in the Antarctic who scored high on a happiness survey probably like
snow

9. Identify the ambiguity in the following sentence:

John saw the woman on the mountain with a telescope.
A. Semantic ambiguity
B. Grouping ambiguity
C. Syntactic ambiguity
D. No ambiguity

10. Identify the rhetorical device involved here:

Every choice you make is like spinning the wheel of fortune-sometimes you will
get the result that you desire, while other times you will end up with something
you always hoped to avoid.
A. Hyperbole
B. Rhetorical definition
C. Rhetorical analogy
D. Euphemism

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CODE 3 : 04/01/2023
1. Identify the ambiguity:
"The burglar threatened the student with the knife."
A. Semantic ambiguity
B. Syntactic ambiguity
C. Grouping ambiguity
D. No ambiguity

2. Evaluate the argument in the following statement:

It's not the case that both Alex and Sally are invited If Alex is invited, then Harold
is invited.
But it is not the case that Harold is invited. Thus, Sally must be invited
B. Invalid
A. Valid

3. Which is an example of hyperbole?

A. The deck of our boat was as slippery as melted butter!
B. This bag of groceries weighs a ton!
C. Onto each life some rain must fall.
D. Marco's lasagna is better than Mira's.

4. Consider the following statements:

(1) Around 80 percent of the girls wore uniform. Rani is a girl. Therefore, she wore
uniform.
(2) Some actors in the school drama are girls. Aby is a boy. Therefore, Aby is an
actor.
A. (1) is an inductive statement and (2) is a deductive statement

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B. (1) is a strong inductive statement and (2) is weak deductive statement

C. (1) is strong inductive statement and (2) is weak inductive statement
D. (1) is deductive statement and (2) is inductive statement

5. Consider the following argument and determine the kind of reasoning:

"A large proportion of NEU students who read like to read something related to
business. Whenever in the library I count how many students are reading; and a
little over half of them have a business book in front of them."
A. Argument from analogy
B. Inductive generalization
C. Statistical syllogism
D. Causal resoning

6. Which one of the followings is correct with reference to deductive

argument?
A. The relation between premises and conclusion is one of matter of fact
B. The relation between premises and conclusion is one of logical necessity.
C. The relation between premises and conclusion is that of empirical necessity.
D. The relation between premises and conclusion is a matter of ascertainment
of probability.

7. What is wrong with the following argument?

We should not change our grading system to numbers instead of letters. The next
thing you know, they will take away our names and refer to us by numbers, too!
A. Students should not have a say in the type of grading system used in their
school.
B. There is nothing wrong with the argument.
C. The conclusion is too extreme.
D. It does not explain why they want to get rid of letter grades.

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8. Name the fallacy in this statement:

"Why not vote for Lan to be the monitor? Everybody thinks she's the most
potential."
A. Appeal to popularity
B. Appeal to emotion
C. Appeal to authority
D. Adhominem

9. Which of the following best identifies the phrase "It implies that"?
A. It is a premise indicator.
B. It is a conclusion indicator.

10. Choose the best fallacy, if there is one, for the following:
Look Tom, you could go to the police with your information about our
questionable accounting practices here at Bentron. But remember, you have a
family to feed. Besides, you know how rumors of this kind of disloyalty can spread
through the industry. You'll never work as an accountant in this town again.
A. Appeal to Emotion
B. Genetic Fallacy
C. Two wrongs make a right
D. Strawman

STUDOCU 1:
1. "Scientists say that covid-19 will disappear in summer like flu." Identify the
rhetorical device involved here.
A. dyphemism
B. downplayer
C. proofsurrogate
D. hyperbole

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2.
An argument is ___________ if it is valid and all of its premises are true.
A. sound
B. strong
C. unsound
D. weak
3.
An argument is ___________ than another argument if its premise makes the same
conclusion more likely.
A. valid
B. invalid
C. stronger
D. weaker
4.
"Are you still worried about the covid-19 outbreak in HN?" Identify the rhetorical
device involved here.
A. Rhetorical question
B. loade-dquestion
C. innuendo
D. no device
5.
Which of the following best identifies the term "As a result"?
A. indicator of premise
B. indicator of conclusion
6.
Jim tells his roommate “I’ve got a lot of work to do, but, sure, I’ll go have a few
drinks with you tonight. I’ll get the work done when we get back." If Jim has such

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conversations often, then his reasoning probably represents the slippery slope
fallacy.
A. True
B. False
7.
Which of the following sentences is not a claim?
A. Life exists on planets other than Earth
B. Dare to stay off drugs
C. Something's force equals its mass multiplied by its Acceleration
D. Joe owns a pet dog.
8.
Which fallacy is at work in the following? "Estelle claims we should have the kids
vaccinated, but that doesn’t persuade me, since she works for Pfizer or one of those
other drug companies."
A. appeal to emotion
B. circumstanticaladhominem
C. inconsistency fallacy
D. 2 wrongs makes a right
9.
When one uses “heroes” instead of “soldiers”, which device does he apply?
A. euphemism
B. weaseler
C. dysphemism
D. downplayer
10.
Identify the fallacy in this argument. "The problem of alcohol usage among
teenagers is grossly overstated. After all, the people who are now clucking about
"bad decisions" are the same people who drank when they were teenagers. "

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A. appeal to pity
B. inconsistency fallacy
C. mistaken appeal to popularity
D. post-hoc fallacy
11.
"This is a rose plant. Why do you expect that it flowers well in summer?" What
kind of reasoning is it?
A. reasoning from analogy
B. generalizing from a sample
C. statistical syllogism
D. causal reasoning
12.
"Whenever I talked to her, she seemed to be streessed. It must be me who make her
feel stressed." "What kind of reasoning is it?
A. reasoning from analogy 0
B. generalising from a sample
C. causal reasoning
D. statistical syllogism
13.
"Hiện nay dù trường học vắng tanh, các bệnh viện lại nghìn nghịt người, các tòa
nhà
văn phòng vẫn nườm nượp, nhà máy xí nghiệp đều đang hoạt động, nhà ga, bến tàu
vẫn đông. Thậm chí ngoài đường phố, các ngã tư vẫn đông nghẹt người mỗi khi
chờ
đèn đỏ. Lây nhiễm có thể xuất hiện ở bất cứ đâu. Vậy sao lại phải đóng cửa trường
học khi còn nhiều nguy cơ khác!"
Choose the fallacy if there is

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A. bandwagon
B. adhominem
C. scare tactic
D. perfectionist
14.
It’s immoral to treat the dog that way, and that’s exactly what you are doing." What
kind of reasoning is it?
A. inductive
B. deductive
15.
Is the second speaker addressing the issue raised by the first person?
A : Why not support same sex marriage? They deserve happiness.
B : You wouldn't say that if your daughter was not a lesbian, would you?
A. Yes
B. No

Part II: Reading critically (40p)

CODE 1 : 21/05/2023
Passage A: Read the passage and answer critical questions that follow. (10p)
It has only just begun to dawn on us that in our own language alone, not to speak
of its many companions, the past history of humanity is spread out in an
imperishable map, just as the history of the mineral earth lies embedded in the
layers of its outer crust. But there is this difference between the record of the rocks
and the secrets which are hidden in language: whereas the former can only give us
knowledge of outward dead things such as forgotten seas and the bodily shapes of

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prehistoric animals-language has preserved for us the inner living history of man's
soul. It reveals the evolution of consciousness.
What is the argument in the above message structured of?

Premise 1: The past history of humanity is spread out in an imperishable map in

language.
Premise 2: The record of rocks can only provide knowledge of outward dead things
such as forgotten seas and the bodily shapes of prehistoric animals
Premise 3: Language has preserved the inner living history of man's soul.
Premise 4: The inner living history of man's soul reveals the evolution of
consciousness.
Conclusion: Therefore, language, unlike the record of rocks, has the unique ability
to preserve the inner living history of man's soul and reveal the evolution of
consciousness.

Passage B: Read the passage and answer critical questions that follow.(20p)
Tại Việt Nam, một số bệnh viện tâm thần có quan tâm trị liệu tâm lý, nhưng mức
độ chủ trong thường rất thấp. Theo số liệu của WHO, tỷ lệ chuyên gia tâm lý trên
một trăm nghìn dân còn Việt Nam là 0,03; trong khi ở Anh là 9 và ở Mỹ là 31 (1)
Trị liệu tâm lý cũng không được bảo hiểm y tế chi trả. Đầu năm 2019, Hội tâm lý
trị liệu Việt Nam mới được thành lập. Cuối năm 2020, danh mục nghề nghiệp của
Việt Nam mới có mà số nghề "nhà tâm lý học". Trong khi đó, thế giới đã phát triển
hàng chục trường phải trị liệu tâm lý, nhiều trường hải đã được đánh giá hiệu quả
không kém gì thuốc.
Chính vì quá mới mẽ và không được quan tâm nên trị liệu tâm lý tại Việt Nam vẫn
1 một ngành thiếu chuyên nghiệp, bệnh nhân dễ bị phó mặc cho các nhà tâm lý học
“tự xưng” (2)

What is the argument in the above message structured of?

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Premise 1: The number of psychological experts per capita in Vietnam is very low
compared to countries like the UK and the US.
Premise 2: Psychological therapy is not covered by health insurance in Vietnam.
Conclusions: Due to lack of attention and professional development, psychological
therapy in Vietnam is still an underdeveloped field.

What thetorical devices are used for the underlined and numbered sentences and
phrases?

(1) Statistical data

(2) Comparisons and contrasts

Passage C: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. (10p)
In archaeology, as in the physical sciences, new discoveries frequently undermine
accepted findings and give rise to new theories. This trend can be seen in the
reaction to the recent discovery of a set of 3.3-million-year-old fossils in Ethiopia,
the remains of the earliest well-preserved child ever found. The fossilized child
was estimated to be about 3 years old at death, female, and a member of the
Australopithecus afarensis species. The afarensis species, a major human ancestor,
lived in Africa from earlier than 3.7 million to 3 million years ago. "Her
completeness, antiquity and age at death make this find of unprecedented
importance in the history of paleo-anthropology," said Zeresenay Alemseged, a
noted paleo-anthropologist. Other scientists said that the discovery could
reconfigure conceptions about the lives and capacities of these early humans.

Prior to this discovery, it had been thought that the afarensis species had
abandoned the arborcal habitat of their ape cousins. However, while the lower
limbs of this fossil supported findings that afarensis walked upright, its gorilla-like
arms and shoulders suggested that it retained the ability to swing through trees.

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This has initiated a reexamination of many accepted theories of early human

development. Also, the presence of a hyoid bone, a rarely preserved bone in the
larynx that supports muscles of the throat, has had a tremendous impact on theories
about the origins of speech. The fossil bone is primitive and more similar to that of
apes than to that of humans, but it is the first hyoid found in such an early human-
related species.
1. The organization of the passage could best be described as
(A) discussing a controversial scientific discovery
(B) contrasting previous theories of development with current findings
(C) illustrating a contention with a specific example
(D) arguing for the importance of a particular field of study
(E) refuting a popular misconception
2. The passage quotes Zeresenay Alemseged in order to
(A) provide evidence to qualify the main idea of the first paragraph (B) question
the claims of other scientists
(B) question the claims of other scientist.
(C) provide evidence to support the linguistic abilities of the afarensis species
(D) provide evidence that supports the significance of the find
(E) provide a subjective opinion that is refuted in the second paragraph
3. Each of the following is cited as a factor in the importance of the EXCEPT
C. to document out the rules for certacion
D. to create and maintain a workplace free from discrimination
E. to ensure qualified employees are hired

3. Which of the following actions would NOT be in violation of the equal

employment opportunity program?

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A. promoting a less-experienced woman over a more experienced woman because

the less- experienced woman is more attractive
B. reprimanding an employee who refuses to work with a female coworker
C. not hiring a prospective employee because she is pregnant
D. terminating an employee because they are a devout Christian
E. not promoting an employee who has just announced he is a homosexual.
4. What writing style does this excerpt portray?
A. legal policy
B. advertisement
C. news story
D. informational memo
E. story
5. If you owned Smith Co and you wanted to hire someone to enforce these rules,
what primary characteristic would you want in this potential employee?
A. knowledge about the SmithCo's product
B. communication skills
C. human relations skills
D. honesty and integrity
E. familiarity with your employees

CODE 1 : 03/01/2023 + CODE 3

Passage A: Read the passage and answer critical questions that follow
Cuộc cách mạng nào cũng cần có một hình ảnh, một cái mốc.
Chắc không ai tranh cãi, châu Âu là nơi khởi xướng của cuộc cách mạng công
nghiệp, khi động cơ hơi nước của James Watts dễ dàng vượt qua cỗ xe tam mã vào
năm 1775. Lần thứ hai những tiến bộ về công nghệ được gắn chữ "cách mạng"

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chắc là Bóng đèn của Edison sáng chế năm 1878, được Lênin khái quát thành Cách
mạng - Chính quyền xô viết + Điện khi hóa Toàn quốc.
Lần thứ ba, tôi muốn gắn với Bill Gates, khi ông này dám tuyên bố năm 1975: máy
tính là cái quái gì cơ chứ, nếu như bà cụ nhà tôi không dùng được.
Vậy lần thứ tư này bắt đầu từ lúc nào, có biểu tượng nào đại diện rõ ràng nhất?
Với tôi, cảm xúc có tính “cách mạng” nhất chắc là khi đọc tin con chim của Hà
Đông, được bảo tàng Victor & Albert - một bảo tàng về các thiết kế hàng đầu thế
giới nước về Anh quốc năm 2014. Một chiếc điện thoại bẻ ti, chứa một mẫu phần
mềm bé tí, do một lập trình viên Việt Nam viết ra trong 3 ngày, được một bảo tàng
lớn bỏ ra 100 nghìn cura được đặt trang nghiêm trong một chiếc hộp kính, ngay tại
quê hương của cách mạng côn | nghiệp lần thứ nhất.
Phần mềm ấy đại diện cho cái gì vậy, nếu không phải là một thời đại?
(1)Thứ nhất, nó được lưu trữ không phải vì nó là phần mềm, mà nó là một “mẫu
nội dun có tính nghệ thuật, như một ca khúc, có tính gây nghiện, như một chai
rượu. Thứ hai được phổ biến gần như tức thời từ một ngôi làng vô danh ở Việt
Nam ra toàn cầu với phí bằng 0. Và cuối cùng nó mang lại vị thế công nghệ toàn
cầu cho Hà Đông. Chỉ nhìn bức ảnh Hà Đông ngồi trà đá với CEO của Google là
chúng ta thấy ngay. Cách mạng luôn có tính bất thường và phá vỡ các quy luật cũ.
Nên cũng không có gì lạ rất nhiều nhân vật có máu mặt trong giới CNTT Việt Nam
gọi Hà Đông là một hiện tượ “bất thường, ngoài quy luật”.
(2) Hóa ra là trong khi các cây đa cây đề còn đang thảo luận, đã có một thế hệ các
thanh niên làm “cách mạng chui”.
Cuộc cách mạng ấy, nếu có, chắc sẽ không bắt đầu từ trên xuống, theo một chỉ đạo
hay án nào, mà từ những sự ngoài quy luật ở dưới lên.

Nguyễn Thành
http://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/goc-nhin/cach-mang-4-0-357828

1. What is the issue being addressed?

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The issue being addressed is the question of when the fourth revolution, or "cách
mạng lần thứ tư," (fourth revolution) started and what symbol represents it.
2. What is the argument in the above message structured of?

The argument in the above message is structured as follows:

Premise 1: The first industrial revolution started with James Watt's steam engine.
Premise 2: The second industrial revolution was marked by Thomas Edison's light
bulb.
Premise 3: The third industrial revolution began with Bill Gates and the advent of
personal computers.
Conclusion: The author is looking for the starting point and symbol of the fourth
revolution.

3. What rhetorical devices are used for the underlined and numbered sentences/
phrases?
Rhetorical devices used in the underlined and numbered sentences/phrases are:
(2) Hyperbole: "nhiều nhân vật có máu mặt trong giới CNTT Việt Nam gọi Hà
Đông là một hiện tượng 'bất thường, ngoài quy luật'" (translation: many characters
in the Vietnamese IT industry call Hà Đông an "unusual, extraordinary"
phenomenon).
(2) Contrast: "Cuộc cách mạng ấy, nếu có, chắc sẽ không bắt đầu từ trên xuống,
theo một chỉ đạo hay án nào, mà từ những sự ngoài quy luật ở dưới lên."
(translation: That revolution, if it exists, probably won't start from the top,
following any specific direction or plan, but rather from unconventional
occurrences from below).

Passage B: Read the following passage and answer the seven questions that follow

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In the United States, where we have more land than people, it is not at all difficult
persons in good health to make money. In this comparatively new field there are so
many avenues of success open, so many vocations which are not crowded, that any
person either sex who is willing, at least for the time being, to engage in any
respectable for occupation that offers, may find lucrative employment. Those who
really desire to attain of an independence, have only to set their minds upon it, and
adopt the proper means, as they do in regard to any other object which they wish to
accomplish, and the thing is easily done. But however easy it may be found to
make money, I have no doubt many of my hearers will agree it is the most difficult
thing in the world to keep it. The road to wealth is, as Dr. Franklin truly says, "as
plain as the road to the mill." It consists simply in expending less than we earn;
that seems to be a very simple problem. Mr.Micawberone of those happy creations
of the genial Dickens, puts the case in a strong light when he says that to have
annual income of twenty pounds per annum, and spend twenty pounds and
sixpence, is to be the most miserable of men; whereas, to have an income of only
twenty pounds, and spend but nineteen pounds and sixpence is to be the happiest of
mortals. Many of my readers may say, "we understand this: this is economy, and
we know economy is wealth; we know we can't eat our cake and keep it also." Yet
I beg to say that perhaps more cases of failure arise from mistakes on this point
than almost any other. The fact is, many people think they understand economy
when they really do not.

1. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the
passage?
(A) Getting a job is easier now than it ever has been before.
(B) Earning money is much less difficult than managing it properly.
(C) Dr.Franklin advocated getting a job in a mill. (D) Spending money is the
greatest temptation in the world.
(E) There is no way to predict changes in the economy.

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2. What would this author's attitude likely be to a person unable to find

employment?
(A) descriptive
(C) ingenuous
(B) conciliatory
(D) incredulous
(E) exculpatory

3. According to the author, what is more difficult than making money?

(B) traveling to a mill
(A) getting a job
(C) reading Dickens
(D) understanding the economy
(E) managing money

4. Who is the most likely audience for this passage?

(A) economists
(B) general readers
(C) teachers
(D) philanthropists
(E) children

5What is the best definition of economy as it is used in this passage?

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09:01 4/7/24 Critical Thinking đề

(A) exchange of money, goods, and services

(B) delegation of household affairs
(C) efficient money management
(D) less expensive
(E) luxurious accommodations

CODE 3 : 4/1/2023
Passage A: Read the passage and answer critical questions that follow. ...Làm sao
để giảm thiểu nạn bạo lực học đường? Chắc chắn đầu tiên là trách nhiệm của nhà
trường. Thầy cô cần theo sát, lắng nghe, chia sẻ và quan sát những biểu hiện bất
thường của học sinh để kịp thời phát hiện. Hội đồng kỷ luật nhà trường cần nghiêm
khắc xử lý trường hợp vi phạm để răn đe sự tái phạm và phòng ngừa. Trong các
giờ chơi, giờ nghỉ, trưởng cần bảo đảm tuần tra các phòng học, các góc khuất trong
trường - hiện có trường học đã lắp camera ở các phòng học hành lang, cầu thang
Và trên hết, giáo viên phải làm gương về việc tuyệt đối không sử dụng bạo lực dù
lời nói hay hành vi.
Bản thân tôi cũng luôn lo lắng, bời dù bỏ thời gian nhiều đến đâu để theo sát lớp
thì cũng sẽ có những khoảng trống không có mặt giáo viên. Đến bây giờ tôi vẫn
thật sự sợ hãi khi nghĩ nếu hôm ấy tôi không phát hiện con dao, hay nếu học sinh
không đủ tin tưởng báo với cô việc bị dọa đánh. Không ai cô thể nói trước điều gì,
tôi cũng không dám khẳng định cuộc đời đi dạy của mình sẽ luôn kiểm soát tốt mọi
lứa học sinh. Nhưng nếu nhà trường và giáo viên đều cố gắng nghiêm khắc từ đầu
thì sẽ hạn chế được nhiều nguy cơ xẤu.
Chương trình giáo dục cũng là một nhân tố không thể thiếu. Nhà trường là nơi giáo
dục cho các em biết đúng sai không phải bằng lý thuyết suông mà bằng những
hành động cụ thể. Cần chỉ rõ cho các em hậu quả phải gánh nếu vi phạm nội quy,
vi phạm pháp luật Thay vì những bài học khô khan, lý thuyết suông như "Trung
thực là gì" hay "Khiêm tốn là gì" thì cần có những bài học về ứng xử, học kỹ năng
sống để tự bảo vệ mình, học kiểm soát cảm xúc để biết kiềm chế bản thân, bởi lứa
tuổi cấp hai, cấp ba rất dễ nổi loạn, rất thích chứng tó bân thán và cũng rất dễ mắc

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sai lầm. Trong chương trình phổ thông, kỹ năng sống mới ở dạng tích hợp trong
các môn học, rất ít ỏi và
chưa đáp ứng đủ thực tế cuộc sống, giáo viên cũng không được học bài bản về môn
học này. Nên chăng mỗi ngôi trường cẦn có chuyên viên tâm lý đảm nhiệm giáo
dục kỹ năng sống, là một địa chỉ mà học sinh có thể chia sẻ tâm tư tình cảm hay
những khó khăn sợ hãi mà mình gặp phải, khi các em chưa dám nói với ba me và
giáo viên chủ nhiệm? (1)
Và cuối cùng, yếu tố quan trọng bậc nhất là gia đình. Gia đình lÀ Mái trường đầu
tiên của con trẻ (2), Bạo lực trong gia đình là mầm mống của bạo lực trong xã hội.
Cha mẹ tuyệt đối tránh sử dụng bạo lực trước mặt con trẻ. Với tư cách một giáo
viên, tối mong dù có bận đến đâu, phụ huynh hãy quan tâm đến những gì con mang
đi học mỗi ngày, đến thái độ, cách cư xử, hay những biểu hiện sợ sệt không bình
thường, những vết tích khác thường trên cơ thể con.
Quan trọng nhất là chỉ có phụ huynh mới có thể kiểm soát những gì con em mình
đọc, xem hằng ngày, phim ảnh bạo lực, clip đánh nhau lột quần áo, game bạo lực
chém giết..chúng đầy rẫy trên Internet. Nó có thể xâm nhập (3) tâm hồn, biến các
em thành những đứa trẻ nghiện bạo lực từ lúc nào mà người lớn không biết.
(Nguồn: Phạm Mính Phưong Hắng, 1/4/2019, Học trò đánh bạn, www.vnexpress net)

1. What is the issue being addressed?

The issue being addressed is how to reduce school violence.

2. What is the argument in the above message structured of?

Premise 1: The responsibility to minimize school violence lies with the school.
Premise 2: Schools should closely monitor and observe students for any abnormal
behavior.
Premise 3: Strict disciplinary action should be taken to deter and prevent
violations.
Premise 4: Teachers should set an example by not using violence.

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Conclusion: By implementing these measures, the risk of negative outcomes can

be minimized.

3. What rhenorical devices are used for the andaland and numbered semences
and phrase?
(1) Repetition: The phrase "để kịp thời phát hiện" ("to timely detect") is repeated.
(2) Enumeration: The numbered sequence of points, such as "Premise 1," "Premise
2," etc., is used to structure the argument.
(3) Rhetorical question: The question "Không ai có thể nói trước điều gì?" ("No
one can predict what will happen, right?") is used to emphasize uncertainty and the
need for proactive measures.
Passage B: Read the following passage and answer the ucations that follow. Prior
to the nineteenth century, both human and animal populations were limited by the
fine resources (such as food) to which they had access When the enormous
increases in prosperity ushered in by the Industrial Revolution emtially freed many
Western nations from these constraints, scientists of the time expected Mathasim
explosion in population. However, In inverse relationship between prosperity and
reproduction was soon noted, the average size of families fell The trend continues
to this day and has spread to recently industrialized portions of the world.

Early biologists tried to explain the transition to smaller families by drawing

comparisons to the animal world. Animals that have many young tend to live in
hostile, unpredictable environments Since the odds against any given offspring's
survival are high, baving many offspring increases the chance that at least one or
two of them will survival. In contrast, animals that have fewer children but invest
more resources in childrearing tend to live in stable, less bostile environments.
While the young of these "high-investment" species enjoy the benefits of a
relatively safe environment, they need to compete with animals whose young are
equally unlikely to perish early in life. Therefore, the biologists observed, progeny
that have acquired the skills they need to compete while sheltered by a family have
an advantage over their less prepared competitors. By malogy, if people living in a

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prosperous environment produced only a few, pampered children, those children

would out compete the progeny of parents who had stretched their resources too
widely

Critics of this theory argue that there are limitations in conflating animal and
human behavior. They argue instead that changes in social attitudes are adequate to
explain this phenomenonTo a family in a society that is tied to the land, a large
number of children is a great boon They increase family income by being put to
work early, and usually some can be persuaded to care for their parents into old
ageAs a society becomes richer, and as physical labor becomes less
importanteducation may extend into the early twenties, making children
economically unattractive as they now consume family assets rather than produce
them. Meanwhile, plans such as pensions and Social Security mitigate the need for
children to care for their parents into their dotage.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to discuss the transition to smaller
families in human populations and provide explanations for this trend.
Part III: Express yourself (30p)
CODE 1 : 21/05/2023
Is a world where humans don't lie a better world?
(thế giới mà con người không nói dối có tốt hơn không ?)
Write a passage of about 150 words to express your response to this controversial
issue. Use three or more different rhetorical devices to make your arguments more
different rhetorical devices to make your arguments more persuasive. You cannot
use the same device more than once for credit. Underline and give a side remark on
the devices that are used.

On the journey to seek a better world, honesty plays a crucial role. I believe that a
world where people do not lie will be a better world. Honesty has a profound and
significant impact on all aspects of life. In a world where people do not lie, trust
and confidence are built strongly. People can place trust in one another and form

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sincere and sustainable relationships (1). Moreover, honesty provides us with a

foundation for fairness and ethics. When people speak the truth, make decisions,
and act based on accurate information, there is no room for injustice or
generalizations. When people refrain from lying, trust and respect in relationships
increase. This fosters stronger bonds and healthier communication between
individuals(2). Honesty creates an atmosphere of transparency and authenticity,
where people feel secure and valued. It promotes integrity and ethical behavior,
leading to a more harmonious and productive society. When honesty prevails,
conflicts arising from deception and mistrust are minimized, allowing for effective
problem-solving and cooperation. Ultimately, a world where people embrace
honesty cultivates a positive and trustworthy environment, enhancing the well-
being and prosperity of individuals and communities alike. Imagine a world where
every word is filled with sincerity and genuine intention(3). Each word is like a
heartfelt smile, a warm embrace, and a soulful encouragement. In that world,
people no longer need to hide their emotions or fear deception. They can freely
share their honest thoughts and open their hearts. It is a peaceful space where
everyone finds tranquility and easily builds trust. Each person's heart is filled with
trust and connection, and relationships are stronger than ever. It is evident that the
world would be a better place if people embraced honesty. When truthfulness
prevails, trust flourishes, and genuine connections are formed. Honesty fosters
transparency, authenticity, and integrity, creating a foundation for a harmonious
and prosperous society. Moreover, a world where people speak the truth allows
individuals to express themselves freely and authentically, fostering a sense of
emotional security and personal growth. It is a world where words hold genuine
meaning, carrying the power to uplift, encourage, and strengthen the bonds
between people. Let us strive for a world where honesty reigns, and in doing so,
create a future filled with trust, understanding, and shared prosperity.
(1) Comparative and analytical methods: explore the impact of honesty. This
allows us to assess how honesty influences trust, relationships, and overall
well-being.
(2) Imaginative and emotive techniques: evoke empathy and foster a desire for a
better world.

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(3) Logical reasoning: the benefits of honesty in relationships. This logical

analysis provides a rational basis for understanding the advantages of
honesty in fostering healthy and fulfilling relationships.

CODE 1: 3/01/2023
Facebook is an incredible platform that gives us unprecedented opportunities for
interaction, allowing us to experience an exhilarating sense of responsibility and
the power to change the world, all with one click (1). Simple mouse on the "Like"
and "Share" (3) buttons. This is a special platform where we can unite and create
unity. Facebook has become a catalyst for change. Its ability to connect individuals
from diverse backgrounds and cultures fosters solidarity and collective action (2).
By vivid imagery, emotional appeal, and repetition, we are forced to act and
contribute to a better world. With every "Like" and "Share" (3), we are building a
global community committed to positive change. Facebook's immense reach and
influence amplifies our voices, allowing us to raise awareness, mobilize support,
and create real change. Facebook's power and influence it enhances our voices,
allowing us to create awareness, rally support, and create real change. It empowers
us to be agents of progress, providing a platform where our collective actions
create ripple effects far beyond our reach as individuals.(2) So let's embrace the
power of Facebook and harness its potential for good. Together, we can make a
difference and shape a brighter future for ourselves and generations to come.

The rhetorical devices used:

(1) Vivid images: evokes strong visual and emotional images.
(2) Engaging in emotions: Capturing the reader's emotions by highlighting the
ability to change lives and make a difference.
(3) Repetition: The repeated use of the phrases "Like" and "Share" emphasizes
their importance and reinforces the call to action.
STUDOCU 1 :
Are covid-19 vaccine passports a good idea?

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Write a passage of about 100 words to express your view on the issue. Use three or
more different rhetorical devices to support your arguments. You cannot use the
same device more than once for credit. Underline and give a side remark on what
devices are used.

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