CHONG FEE WAH 061120115 FYP FINAL REPORT 2010

REFERENCE

[1]file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/My%20Documents/Downloads/

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Washing%20Machine%20Information/washing-machine.htm

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[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washing_machine

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[3]file:///D:/Semester%2020092010/Product%20Design%202/Washing%20Machine%20Dr
or

ums% 20_%20Washing%20Machine%20Reviews.htm
by
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te

[4] http://www.laundry-sustainability.eu/en/3-1_Sinner.htm
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[5] Loper, David E., "An analysis of confined magnetohydrodynamic vortex flows". Case
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Institute of Technology. Washington, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; for

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sale by the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, Va.
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1966. (NASA contractor report NASA CR-646) LCCN 67060315

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[6] Statistical design of experiments with engineering applications. Kamel Rekab and
Muzaffar Shaikh. Florida institute of technology. 2005. ISBN L-57444-625-8

[7]file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/My%20Documents/Downloads/
ANOVA/Analysis_of_variance%20%28ANOVA%29_files/Analysis_of_variance%20%28
ANOVA%29.htm

[8] http://origin.samsung.com/my/products/washingmachine/index.asp

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APPEND
DICES

AP
PPENDIX A (i) Top-loading Wasshing Machhine

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Top looading agitaators: In theese types off washing machines
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thee rotation of
o the agitato
or that is sittuated in the centre of the drum likke a pole. As
A the drum
m

al
beeings to vibrrate, the pole gets rotaated thereby
y moving th
he clothes. A
Although th
hese are lesss
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ex
xpensive, theey are a littlle rough on clothes.
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Figure : Top-load
ding Agitato
ors

ure : Detail Sketch of Top-loading

Figu T g
Agitators

Top Loading
L Imp
pellers: In th
hese types of
o washing machines,
m t drum inccludes a fan
the n
lik
ke structure known as the
t impeller that is situ
uated at thee bottom off the drum. The clothess

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aree moved byy the propellling action of the water that is donne by the faan. As the ag
gitation and
d
forrce is applieed on waterr, these typees of machinnes are belieeved to be gentler
g on clothes.

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Figure : Top-looading Imppellers
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F
Figure : Deetail Sketch of Top-loadding Impelllers

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AP
PPENDIX A (ii) Frontt-loading Washing
W Machine

Front loaders: In these typess of washingg machines, a propelleer as well ass a pole likee
aggitator is abbsent. Here the laundryy is movedd and washed by the ttumbling acction of thee
druum. The druum as well as the motoor thus needds to be of high
h and durrable qualityy.

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: Froont-loadingg
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F
Figure
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Figure : Detail S
Sketch of Frront-loadingg

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APPENDIX A (iii) Test Materials List

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APPENDIX A (iv) Enzyme Protecase

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APPENDIX A (v) Constraint Properties and 25 Solutions

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APPENDIX A (vi) Location of the centre mass of the liquid segments in the bucket

Consider a the liquid spinning in the cylindrical bucket about its vertical axis with a
constant angular velocity of ω Fig. 1.
The spinning liquid creates centrifugal forces of the mass elements that are given by the
following formula
fi = mi rbω2 (1)

where mi is the mass element along the length Δl of the liquid (Δl = r Δα) (Fig. 1a), r is the

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radius of the location of the mass element in the liquid; and ω is a angular velocity of the
liquid, b is the height of the bucket

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The whole mass of the liquid has the expression M = ∑ mi , which is the sum of the mass
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elements of the liquid.
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The total centrifugal force of the spinning liquid will have the following expression by
or

integrating Eq. (1) of centrifugal forces of the spinning liquid at definite limits (Fig. 1a)
by

R 2π
F = ∫ ∫ mibrω 2 rdrdα = (1/ 3)mibω 2r 3α R 2π
= (2 / 3)mibπR3ω 2 = (2 / 3) MRω 2 (2)
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where area of the liquid’s surface is A = πR2, and the mass of the liquid is M = miV, and V
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= Ab = mibπR2 is the bucket volume.

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Eq. (2) shows that the centrifugal forces F locate on the circle which radius is (2/3)R of
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bucket radius. Also it means the on the distance of (2/3)R of the bucket the centre mass of
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liquid segments locates. To get stable high speed of the liquid rotation it is necessary to
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have liquid stream from nozzle tangential to the circle of (2/3)R. It means the liquid stream
will act on the centre mass of the liquid segments.
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Fig. 1

Cosφ = (2/3)R/R = 0.6666. φ = 48.190. The best inclination of the nuzzle to the bucket
border will be φ = 48.190

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APPENDIX A (vii) Engineering Invention & Innovation Exhibition Recognition

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