LaYING OUT DIMENSION

SLOPE TAPING & CORRECTION IN TAPE SOLUTION : PROBLEM #5 :

WI Tape

1) SLOPE TAPING d
, =
_ (s ) : (h ) , ,
2
=
11824 45)2 .
-

14 2532 .

B(TERMINAL POINT) =
824 44m
↑
.

Distance da =
X(z) ·

(n . )
=
1 (1244 38) 2 ·
-

(6 47)
.
GIVEN :

(StOPE =

1244 36 N1 :
50 m ·

metal tape
n (difference in elevation) .

D =
di + dz =
824 44m . + 1244 .
36 m 1 :
38 m
I
A
19
-
LINITIAL Point D W 45 m
=
:

2008 80 .
m
-
d
- I
CHORIZONTAL DISTANCE) PROBLEM #3 :
Measurements wI Tape Corr : 50: 49 950m .
:

0 050m ; too
. short ; laid out

FORMULA : SOLUTION :

·
d =
sCosX a) (Ecorr() =

0 .
05m(s) =
0 .

038m

·
d =
s-h GIVEN :
Gw =
0 .

05m) *m) =
0 045m
.

NL(NOMINAL LenGTH) :
50-m Tape C11 =

38m + 0 .

038m =
38 .

038m

#) CORRECTION IN TAPING M1 (Measured LenGTH) 465 : .

285m Cu =
45m + 0 . 045m
=

45 045m
.

HOW CORRECTION APPLIED : corr(correction) :

0 016m
.

,
too long
measured b) ILLUSTRATION :

Measured LAID-OUT SOLUTION :

TOO LONG
t -

C(Total correction) Corr() )

?

diagonat(
=

(465 285y
t
0 016m
.

-
=
TOO SHORT .

C = 0 .

149m
(45 045m) .

FORMULA :
CL =
M1 +
2 =
465 285m + 0 149m .
.

·
Corr =
Th -NA =
465 434m .

solution : ↓ (C1)" + (C1w)

↓ ↓

/(38 048m)2 (45 045m)2

correctionau
=

NoA
.
+ .

PROBLEM #4 :
/Measurement w/tape d = 58 .

957m

Con
to be applied T

·
C1 ML =
IC , Given :

↓ ↓
corrected determine If N :
50 - m Steel tape
Length too long/short I
-
corr :
0 025m .

,
too short ; measured

(M1)W :
127 002 .
m

PROBLEM #1 :
(SLOPE TAPING) (M1)L :
180 455 ·

SOLUTION :

9) actual Dimension of Lot

I Given :

S
3
=

756 52 M . Clw =

0 025 .

m
/12002m) =
0 .

0u

9 1525' 211 (180455m)

:

=
0 025 .

m =
0 .

Oo

11
-
d
T

-
CLW =

127 ·

002m-Yasumdiboshor :

126 .

C11 =

180 455m · -
0 090m
.
=

180 .
365m

SOLUTION :
d :
slosa =
756 .

52 cos(1525') b)
& =
729 30 .
m
NOT corrected Area :

A + X ( =
127 062m · x 180 455m.
=

22 928 ,
.
994m2

PROBLEM #2 :
(SLOPE TAPING) corrected Area :

As Ch *
Chw =
120 .

998 m
x 180 345m .
=
22 , 905 .
994 m

ERROR :

E :

(1 -Ac) 1
=
22 , 928 994m 22 905 994m2 .
:

,
.
=
22 . 979m
I
38m
1244 2/
·

S2
hz =
6 47m
.

45m I
824
.

/
y
=
31

hi =
4 25m
.

X' -

, /
 CORRECTION DUE TO SLOPE PROBLEM #1 :
CorreCTION Due TO SLOPe PROBLEM#4 :
Correction Due to Temp
.

# Here :

1 B
,
S =
measured slope distance between points A& B
.

h difference elevation between A ILLUSTRATION : SOLUTION Ct CL(T-Ts)

Hlghe
in & B : =
.
:

"d =
horizontal distance As Ct =
0
0000116m/0c (2
.
,
500 00.

m) (42 : 20) -
I Ch =

slope correction / difference between B =1 = C =

2500 Nm-0 438m =

2499 36m
Ten !
· .
.

9m
A

320 . ga
I
& U2 10 85 m .

460
I
S
(
the slope length and horizontal distance
h, =
12 22 m .
.

·
C

Ch =
5-d .
A
.
PROBLEM #5 :
CORRECTION PUe TO TENSION

a
- d
FOLLOWING PYTHAGORean THeOReM :

-
- d di + da =

s? =
d + he SOLUTION :

Given :
SOLUTION :
TRANSPOSING TERMS :

S
=
330 49 m
660 97m
.
di =
330 49m ·
-

(2gm) Op (Pm Ps) 1

: -

AE
=

(12 -5 5) 50
10 05) (2 /x10")
.
= 0 .
003m

/k
= . .

h =
s- =
(s =

d)(s d) + hi = 12 22.

m =
320 26m .

he 10 .

85

97m-(% 85m gim)

=
m

Since Ch (s-d) =
da =
600 .

·
h2 =

ch(s + d) =
640 88 . m
PROBLEM #6 :
Correction Due to
Tension

·
Ch =a) d =
di + da =
330 26m + 660 .

.
88m
=
99) .
14m

FOR GENTLE SLOPES ; assumes Stope(s) =

distance (d)((0% -20 %) SOLUTION :

·
Ch =
2 PROBLEM #2 :
Correction Due to slope a) 1 45.

kg = 0 .
00 cm
sa
30m (120cm) ( 9 x10" im .

FOR Steep Scopes : (Between 20 % -30 % ) b) Cp

=mps) = 15) (g0m) = + 0 00
.

10 06 cm/2) (2x10" keykx2)

=
.

Ch
·

ILLUSTRATION :

2400
. 850m
C 21 =
(38 55/20) (0 00125)
.

.
=
+ 0 04
.

1320 420m
OBSTRUCTION
.

FOR Very Steep Scopes ; (Greater than 30 %) , 2) 1 938 55 0 04 938 59m

M
5
=
1 +1 = .
+ .
=
.

Ch s(l-cust) h 155m
=
·
=

To Determine The
SLope % =

At (100 % )
percentage of slopes :
!
I . d d =

,
+ de

SOLUTION :

TO Determine The HORIZONTAL Distance :

Steep slope = horizontal dist .

(d) =

-Ch

155m
d S Ch di , 400 850m
2
8155m 050m)
= - =
· -
-

&(2 850m) ,
400 .

5 .

003
↓
m 0 .
05
CORRECTION DUE TO TEMPERATURE di
=

2395 842m .

(pz) (155m 420m)3)

c(T)I
Ct :
d2 =
1320 420m- . -

0
standard temp
.

↓
corrected served g .
om otobl
temperatureLength temperaturea
da =
1311 292 m
~
.

coeff Of .

Linear expansion & :

di + da =

2395 842m .
+ 1311 292m .
=
3707 134m .

ItTape made of steel : C =

0 .

0000116m/0c
ex 30m-steel tape CL 30m (0 0000116m/c) 000348m expansion of steel PROBLEM #3 Correction Due to TEMP
=
0
.
: = .
= .

FOR 1 :

· IF TOTAL
C orr :
M1 (measured Length
·
If correction per tape Length :
NL (NOMINAL LENGTH)

USUALLY Ts is 20C

SOLUTION :
NOMINAL e
too long
Correction Due TO TENSION :
9) Ct C L(T-Ts) = =
0 .

0000116m/c (50m) (35" 20 %: +

-

0 0087m
.

measured
a

Cp =
(Pm -

Ps)1 # Here :
b) Ct =

C1(T -Ts) =

0 .

0000116m/x (532 · 28m) (35" -

20 % =
+ 0 .

0926m
AE Cp TOTAL ELONGATION (m)
:

532 28m
0087m)
.

Pm :
Pull applied (m) checking :
som (+ 0 . =
+ 0 .

0926m
Ps : Standard Pull (kg)
d) 1
'
' =
1 = Cp 1 :
measured Length
=
1 * C+ =

532 28 . + 0 0926
.
=
532 37m
.

A : cross sectional area of tape (sg .

(m)
.
: Modulus OelasticityOtupe material
For cross-sectional area :

Where :

A =
W W :
Total weight
↓ (unit weight) *

1: unit weight (approx . 7 866 x10

.

Kg/cm3
 CORRECTION PUE TO SAG PROBLEM #2 :

Figures :

steel tape 30 m mark

-

0 -
m mark

*
P
&
~
L - C

ILLUSTRATION :

1st support 2nd Support

Steel tape

so
15m mark
asm
0
P4n
mark 30 m mark 8m
Om M n
= P
A
g

↓ - Cs Cs:
,
+ Cs2 25 =
Els ,
...

1st support and support 3rd support

8Lim m
13 25m :

steel tape
Om mark 10m mark 20m mark 30m mark
solution :

X Tp
0419/m)2(8m)3
n N M a
22 13 10 .

a) Cs1
-
&

Cs Cs , + Cse
Csg =24
=
↓ -
+

C32
1st support 2nd Support 3rd support 4th support =24p 24(6kg)2
(0 0419/m) (95m)3
.
2

=
=
0 .
0289m
24p2
=

& 24(6kg)
Steel tape
b) [cs :
0 .

8389m
5mmark Ammar are
Om mark 7 .

22 5 .
m mark 30 m mark
#N n
= p

0
&

Cs Csi + Csc + Csg + Cs4

=
=
1 -

Cs =
50m -

0 189m
.
=
49 9411m .

↓ -

1st Support 2nd Support 3rd Support 4th support 5th support
PROBLEM #3 =

o m mark steel tape

"1/111/1/1/1/1119111111111111111111111111111
-

- -

FORM419 50m

dom sim
:

Where :
an

Cs =

2213 Cs =
correction due to sag

24p2 W =
weight of tape per unit Length (kg(m)
W =
total weight of tape between supports (kg)
L interval between 11
25m + 12 25m +
tame (kg)
: :

We supports
:

Since W =
21 or
=

wel
p
=
tension
/pull applied on the

Cs =
Wel SOLUTION :

244 a .

W =
21 =
0 .

035kg(m (50m)
=
1 .

75kg
NORMAL TENSION Wil W1lk =
=
0 .
45 kg(m (25m)
·
Cp =
Cs =
0 .

875kg
(Pm-Ps)1 W21 WLAE WAE 815k (25m)
p
C
·
=
P =
0 001
;
.

= = =
=

AE 24p2 24(Pm -

Ps)/48989794( [Em-Ps) _
24 (6 .

5kg)
·
0 . 204WYAE Cs =

Cs , + (s =

((0 0189m) .
=
0 .

0378m

↓ Pm-Ps 1268 254m

b) TOTAL correction 10 0378m) 0 9580m
.

: .
= .

fom
(Cs')
PN =
P =
Pm >
- 0 . 204WAE
↓ Pn-Ps
Where :
Ph =
normal tension (kg) 6) I 1 Cs' = - =
1248 2 th- .

0 .

9588 =
1267 2972m .

W =
total weight of tupe (kg)

A =
cross-sectional area of tape (cm2)

E =
modulus of elasticity (kg/cm2)

Ps standard pull tape (kg)

:

For

PROBLEM #1 correction :
due to sag

SOLUTION :

Cs =
W21 =
10 .

91kg) (20m) = 0 .
016

24p 24(8kg)
H =
1 -

Cs =

70m
-

0 0163m
.
=
29 .
9838m
 COMBINED CORRECTION TWO-PEG TEST

↑ reveling Rod
-
Leveling
-
t
Sight
o

SOLUTION
-

&
-

:
d' HORIZONTAL LINE

0475k
-

h1= 0 0675k2
-
- =
1 72m
:
0
In
. .
.

a :

*
-

- k 5 On a
=
= .

Given :
1 :
2395 25m .
[35 A =
0 03. i'm

N1 =

30 m #520
-0 0000116/0 . point A

Pm =

49 Ps Jkg =
E =
2 0 x 10" kg) cm FORMULA :

Elevation
.

↓
Diff .

SOLUTION ·
DEq (a- b) =
and DEb (d -e) =

9) Ct =
C1(T -Ts) =
10 .

000011414)(2395 (5m)(35-20%) ·
=
+ 0 .
42 m
·

TDEa =
a-(b e) -

and TDEp (d-e) =

-

b) Cp (Pm Ps)1 (a b) + (d c)
·
= -
=
(4k/ 5(/)(2395 25m)
- .

=
-
0 .

04m ALSO TDE = - -

AE 10 cm2) (2 0x10" K/g/cy) ↓

Difference
.
03 .

True
Note :

& d' inclined upward

1 1+C
·

a) IF DEat DEbc
=

+
Cp 2395 25m + 42 1395 43m
=
= .
0 -
0 04m
.
=
.

inclined downward
.

& d' =

d =
c + TDE

-
&

Given :

N = 50 -

m 04cm2
# .
8kg Solution :

=
5
5kg .
E =
2 10 . x 10 kg/cm 9) DEa =
(a- b) =
1 505m- 2 04m
.

.
= -

0 .
549m)dift .elex As
2 =
0 .

05kgIm 1 =
458 650m .

DEp =
(d c) .
=
0 .

938m-1 449m .
= -

0 511m
.

(diff .
Clev of A& B)
determined
by B
since DEafDEpc line of sight is not in adjustment
SOLUTION :
b) TDE =
(a b) + (d c) [0 549m)
- -

=
.
+ 10 511m) .

= 0 530m .

2 2 ↑
a) Cp =
(Pm -Ps)1 =
18kg-5 5k/) (458 45m) .
·

= + 0 .

014m true diff . In clex.

AE

POg o
d =
C + TDE =
1 .

449m-0 550m .
=
0 919m
.

6)C Was c) e d-d 0 978m 0 919m =

0 09- envinline
-
= = .
.
.

24Pm 24(8k/)2 d) since did'

,
(0 .
938m> 0 .

919m) ,
inclined upward-loosen
Cs :
&13 =
(0 .

05 kg/m)" (8 45)3 .

=
-0 .
00m
upper capstan-headed screw-tighten lower screw

24Pm 24/8kg)
Cs =
9(-0 203) m . +
1 - 0 001m) .
= -

1 828m
.

curvature & Refraction :

at point of tangency
C) 11 =

LECpICs
=
458 450m .
+ 0 .

01m-1828m =
476 834m
.
Horizontal live

i
distance)
*
&
tracted i
vertica Level Line

Eas &
vertical Live

Formula :

voett
of refractinone

h
=

↓
departure of length of Line
telescope line of sight (km)

of sight (m)

SOLUTION :

ha = 0 .
0ui5K2 =
0 .

0475(2052:0 .

004m

(525.85-240 5)
.

Ny =
0 .
0675k2 =
0 0015
.
=
0 . 00

a -
ha
a =
3 455m .
-

0 .

004m =
3 .

451m
b -

hy
b =
2 806m .
-

0 005m .
=
2 .
80m

DE
=
a -
b =
3 45/m .
=

2 80/m.
=
0 .
45 m
DIFFERENTIAL LeveLING Formulas :

FORMULA : SLOPETAPING :
d =
SCOSX
, d =
1sihe
HI
ELeXBMa BS
=
CORRECTION
+

Corr TL-NL
TOO LONG (M)
=
+

ELEXTP , =
H1-FS IN TAPING : C =
corr (MH/NL) TOO SHORT (M)
-

Ct =
ML IC ,

(0 %)

site
-
20

Due
PROBLEM #1 : Scope :

Steep

(+) ( -

STA BS H1 FS Eley
+
I HoRIZonTaL dist
:
:

determine %:
128 % 389 127 133 m
BM , 1 254
.
slope %: (100 %) d Sch=

Tpl 1 Ill
.
127 . 419 1 884
. - 126 503
.

Due to Temp :
Ct =

CL( + -Ts) ; TS :
202
TOTAL Corr : ML

1 228 127 32 1 527 126 092

TP2
.
. .

per tape length NL

.
:

125 074 to Tension :

(PmPs)L
126 263 due Cp
BM 1 189 244
L LE
=

2
.
.
.

. =
,
,

. 017
2 124 244 (A)
BM2 1 070
.
125 .
314 . cross-sectional area

454
A
= Cunit weight)
TPs 1 831 .
124 ·

491 2 .

122 .
44

w =
Due to SA6 :
Cs Cs
= ,
745 724 L-)
BM4 2 .
121 .

EBS =+ 7 49.
m
[Fs = =

13 097
.

Two PerTest :
DEa (a= -

b) & DEp =
(d c)
-

TDEa =
a- (b e) & TDEy (d -e)
-
= -

C
CHECKING :

BMI ELEX 127 ·

133 m
Id + DE)d - inclined
upward
+ ZBS + 7 49m
.

curvature &
: h =
0 . 0475k
-
IFS Refraction (m) (km)

TEMPELEY To m D L .
.
= HI =
ELeX + BS

ELEX =
H1-FS