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 CHRISTIAN SOCIAL SERVICES COMMISSION
An Ecumenical Body of Tanzania Episcopal Conference and Christian Council of Tanzania
P.O. Box 9433, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
CSSC-SOUTHERN ZONE FORM FOUR JOINT EXAMINATION

August 2023

PHYSICS 1 MARKING GUIDE

1. 1 mark@ =10 marks:

i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x

C A A C B C C E D A

2. 1mark @ =06 marks:

i ii iii iv v vi
G C E H J D

3. (a) (a) An image is formed when regular reflection of light takes place. Due to the roughness of the
surface of newspaper, diffused reflections take place from it. For this reason, we do not see even
a faint image in the newspaper. (05 marks)
(b) Factors on which the angle of deviation produced by a prism depends:
▪ Angle of prism
▪ Refractive index of the prism
▪ Wavelength of light used
▪ Angle of incidence
(01 mark @ = (04marks))
4. (a) (i) A pair of rough surfaces will have more friction than a pair of smooth surfaces because the
peaks of one surfaces can fall into the valleys of the other, meaning that to keep moving either
something needs to break or the surfaces would need to push apart briefly.(02 marks)
(ii) This is a way of increasing frictional force between two surfaces. Therefore this increases the
normal force on the wheels because frictional force is directly proportional to the normal
force.(02 marks)
(b) Data:

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 weight on the plane(W) = 12N
frictional force(f)= 2N
vertical height of the plane(Ld ) = 2m
slant height of the plane(Ed ) = 3m
soln:

net force(Fr) = F − (mgsinθ + f) but Fr = 0 because the body was pulled with steady
velocity
2
(i) Fy = mgsinθ but sinθ = (001/2 marks)
3
2
𝐹𝑦 = 12 × 3 = 8𝑁

:.The component of the 12N weight down the plane is 8N (01 mark)

(ii) F − (mgsinθ + f) = Fr but Fr = 0 (001/2 mark)

F − (8 + 2) = 0
F = 10N
:.the magnitude of the force F pulling the weight up is 10N (01 mark)
(iii) w. d = F. S where F = force
S = distance
w. d = 10 × 3 = 30N
:.The work done in moving the weight from A to B is 30N (01 mark)
M.A
(iv) e= V.R ×100%
Load(L) 12
M. A = = =1.2
Effort(E) 10
slant height(Ld ) 3
V. R = = =1.5
vertical height(Ed ) 2
1.2
𝑒= ×100%=80%
1.5
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 𝑒 = 80%
:.The efficiency of the inclined plane is 80% (01 mark)

5. (a) Geiger-Muller counter registers pulses even though no radioactive substance is anywhere
near the Geiger-Muller tube due to background radiation. Background radiation are random
radiation from cosmic rays which pass into G-M tube and produce ionization. (04marks)
(b) By Lenz’s law, the induced current in the loop should flow in a direction so as to produces
magnetic flux perpendicular to the plane of loop and in outward direction. By right hand
rule for coil, the induced current in the loop will flow anticlockwise direction. (05 marks)
6. (a) (i) Atmospheric pressure is caused by the weight of the atmosphere pushing down on the
earth’s surfaces. ( 02 marks)
(ii) The atmospheric pressure decreases with increase in altitude. At normal altitude the pressure
of the fluids in our bodies exert slightly greater pressure than atmospheric pressure. As you
move to higher altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is less compared to the body pressure as
human body takes some time to adjust to the changes in atmosphere therefore it causes nose
and mouth bleeding. (02 marks)
(b) (i) The density of water increases to maximum value at 4 0C when pure water is heated to 60C
The graph of density against temperature of pure water for temperature between 0 0C to
60C.

(2.5 marks)

(ii) Cathode rays are particles because they have mass and momentum. This is due to the fact
that they can rotate a paddle wheel when the strike it (2.5 marks)
7. (a) Consider the following demonstration which shows that the dull black surface is better
absorber of heat than a brightly polished surface.
▪ Plate A is highly polished surface while plate B is coated with lamp black to make it
black.
▪ Corks are mounted on the reverse side of each plate with wax
▪ The Bunsen flame is placed midway between the plates as shown on the diagram below

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 (02 marks)
▪ After a while, the wax on the black plate melts and the cork falls where as the wax on
the polished place does not melt. This shows that the black surface absorbs more heat
than that a polished surface.(01 mark)

(b) (i) In molecular terms, energy is needed at the boiling point to overcome the forces of attraction
between molecules in the liquid state so the molecules can escape outside the liquid and form a
gas. The amount of energy needed(latent heat) is much greater than the energy needed to raise the
water to the boiling point, where no change of state occurs.so the water takes longer to boil dry
than to reach the boiling point. . (02 marks)

(ii) The molecules in a liquid are in motion with an average kinetic energy depending on the
temperature, some molecules have kinetic energy greater than the average while others have less.
Evaporation occurs because the more energetic molecules near the surface escape from the liquid
into the space above. This leaves the remaining molecules with an average kinetic energy lower
than before. So the temperature other liquid which is a measure of the average kinetic energy falls.
(02 marks)

(c ) When a test-tube filled with water is heated from below, the heat spreads upwards quickly by
convection. However the water is heated at the top. The warmed water is less dense than the colder
water below and so it stays at the top. The heat can only reach the ice by conduction through the
water and along the glass. Water is a poor conductor of heat and so is the glass. So it takes a long
time for the heat to reach the ice, which therefore remains unmelted or many minutes. . (02 marks)

8. (a) If the volume of an object is increased while its mass is held constant, the density of the object
decreases.(04 marks)

(b) Data:
mass of hydrometer (M)= 28g

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 cross-section area of stem (A)= 0.75cm2
length above the liquid(L)= 3cm
soln:
M
volume of water displaced (V) =
ρ
M 28
V= = = 28cm3
ρ 1
V = 28cm3 (01 mark)
The volume of stem above water = length(L) × cross − section(A)
= 3cm × 0.75cm2 = 2.25cm3
Total volume(VT ) = (28 + 2.25)cm3
= 30.25cm3
:.The total volume of the hydrometer is 30.25 cm 3(01 mark)

Density of the liquid of R. D 1.4 is 1.4 g⁄cm3

M
Volume of liquid displaced (Vl ) =
ρ
28
= = 20cm3 (01 mark)
1.4

𝐍𝐨𝐭𝐞: Volume of hydrometer immersed in the liquid = Volume of liquid displaced

Volume above the liquid = Total volume − volume inside the liquid
30.25 − 20 = 10.25cm3 (01 mark)
Volume of the hydrometer stem(𝑉𝑠 ) = cross − section area of stem(A) × length of stem(L)
0.75cm2 × L ×= 10.25cm3
L = 13.7cm(01 mark)
9. (a) No. The current in a wire is due to drifting of free electrons in a definite direction. But the number
of electrons in the wire at any instant is equal to the number of protons. Hence, the net charge on
the wire is zero. (03 marks)
(b) (i) The width of depletion layer of a p-n junction increases with the increase in reverse bias across
the junction and vice versa. (04marks)
(ii) The width of depletion layer of a p-n junction decreases with the increase in forward bias across
the junction and vice versa. (04 marks)

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 (c) A ray of light incident toward the center of curvature strikes the mirror surface normally i.e. angle
of incidence is 00. According to laws of reflection, the angle of reflection will be 0 0. Hence, the ray
of light will retrace its own path after reflection. (04 marks)
10. (a) (i) Beats is regular rising and falling of sound of two notes of nearly equal frequency when sounded
together.(02 marks)
(ii) Beat occurs when two notes of nearly equal pitch sound together. (02 marks)
(b) Data:
Distance between the first man and the cliff= 510cm
Time interval between original sound and echo = 1.0𝑠
Distance between the two men(S)= x cm
Velocity of sound in air (V)= 340m/s
soln:

(02 marks)
2S
V= . (01marks)
t

2 × (510 − x)
340 =
1.0
x = 340 cm
The distance between two men is 340m.(02 marks)
(c) Difference between sound waves and electromagnetic waves
(i) the origin of the waves:
▪ Sound waves are from physical vibrations while electromagnetic waves arise from oscillations
of charge. .(02 marks)
(ii) the speed of the waves:
▪ Sound waves have lower speeds varying with media while electromagnetic waves have a speed
of 3.0 × 108 m⁄s in vacuum. This speed also varies with the media.(02 marks)
(iii) the transmitting media:
▪ Sound requires material medium for transmission while electromagnetic waves do not.(02
marks)

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11. (a) Consider a circuit shown below, the e.m.f, E when the cell is on open circuit and the terminal
p.d. V when the cell is connected to a low resistance are both measured. The cell has an
appreciable internal resistance when (E-V) has an appreciable difference. The internal resistance
can be measured from 𝑟 = (E − V)/I. (𝟎𝟑 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤)

(𝟎𝟐 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤)
(b) The internal resistance of a lead-acid accumulator is very low, any accidental short circuit
will produce a very large current and this may damage the accumulator. A dry cell has a
much higher internal resistance, so a short circuit will produce a much smaller current than
for the accumulator, which would not damage the dry cell to the same extent. (𝟎𝟐 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤)
(c) soln:

(𝟎𝟏 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤)
E
I=
R+r
1 E E
:. = =
3 2+3+r 5+r
5+r
E= … … … … … … . . (i) (𝟎𝟏 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤)
3
When the 2Ω is placed in parallel with the original 2Ω,the combined resistance:

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 1 1 1
= + = 1 so, R = 1Ω(𝟎𝟏 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤)
R 2 2
The new current flowing:
V 1.2
I= = = 0.4A
R 3
E E
0.4 = =
1+3+r 4+r
E = 0.4(4 + r) … … … … … . . (ii) (𝟎𝟏 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤)
From equation (i) and equation (ii), then:
5+r
= 0.4(4 + r) = 1.6 + 0.4r
3
5 + r = 4.8 + 1.2r
0.2r = 0.2
: . r = 1Ω(𝟎𝟏 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤)
5+r 6
E= = = 2V
3 3
: . E = 2V(𝟎𝟏𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬

Substitute E = 2V into eqn (ii) we get

2 = 0.4(4 + r) (01 Mark)
2 = 1.6 + 0.4r
2−1.6
r= 0.4

r = 1Ω
Therefore, the internal resistance is 1Ω (01 Mark)

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