NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GEOGRAPHY

GRADE 11

07JUNE 2023

MARKS: 150
TIME: 3 hours

This question paper consists of 13 pages.

(EC/JUNE 2023) GEOGRAPHY (Grade 11)

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of THREE questions.
a. QUESTION 1: Atmosphere (60)
b. QUESTION 2: Geomorphology (60)
c. QUESTION 4: Geographical Skills and Techniques (30)

2. Answer all THREE questions.

3. All diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER.

4. Leave a line between subsections of questions answered.

5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.

6. Number the questions correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.

7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.

8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so.

9. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify
or list.

10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer,

e.g.1 020 hPa,14 °C and 45 m.

11. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

12. You may use a magnifying glass.

13. Write neatly and legibly.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR QUESTION 4

14. A 1: 50 000 extract of the topographic map 3025AD PHILIPPOLIS and
1: 10 000 orthophoto map 3025 01 PHILIPPOLIS are provided.

15. The area demarcated in RED/BLACK on the topographic map represents the
area covered by the orthophoto map.

16. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for this.

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 (EC/JUNE 2023) GEOGRAPHY (Grade 11)

QUESTION 1 : WEATHER AND CLIMATE

1.1 Choose the correct term in COLUMN B that matches the description in COLUMN A.
Write the letter (A–H) next to the question number (1.1.1–1.1.8) in your ANSWER BOOK,
for example 1.1.9 J.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1.1.1 Large body of air with uniform properties A Polar front

1.1.2 The zone where westerly winds and polar easterlies meet B Jet stream

1.1.3 Decrease of temperature in the atmosphere caused by C Solar radiation

changes in altitude.

1.1.4 Very strong winds blowing 10 km above the earth's surface D Westerlies

1.1.5 The force which develops due to differences in air pressure E ITCZ

1.1.6 Convergence zone of north-easterly and south-easterly F Earth’s

trade winds. radiation

1.1.7 Upward vertical transference of heat. G Air mass

1.1.8 Winds that form in the Mid-latitude / Ferrell Cell H Adiabatic

lapse rate

I Pressure
gradient (8 x 1) (8)

1.2 Refer to the extract below on concepts, causes and management of drought and
desertification. Choose the correct word(s) in brackets to make the extract geographically
correct. Write the correct word(s) next to the question number, for example 1.2.8 ITCZ.

Desertification in Namibia
Namibia is one of the driest countries in Southern Africa. It is characterized by its arid
conditions and droughts tend to occur now and then. Approximately 2,1 million people
battling its vulnerability of desertification and droughts.
Desertification is known to be a type of land degradation in which a relatively (1.2.1 wet /
dry) land region becomes increasingly (1.2.2 fertile / arid), typically losing its bodies of
water as well as vegetation and wildlife. It is caused by a variety of factors, such as (1.2.3
heavy rain / climate change) and human activities. Human activities that cause
desertification include overgrazing, (1.2.4 correct / incorrect) farming methods and
(1.2.5 planting more / cutting down) of trees.
In order to alleviate this situation and to offset desertification, it is up to us humans to
intervene by implementing the following strategies: Good land management in semi-arid
areas, (1.2.6 save / waste) water in our communities, the number of animals on the land
must be (1.2.7 reduced / increased) etc (7 x 1) (7)

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 (EC/JUNE 2023) GEOGRAPHY (Grade 11)

1.3 Refer to the sketch below showing the earth’s revolution around the sun to answer the
following questions.

1.3.1 Define the concept insolation. (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.2 Choose the correct word from those given in brackets. The factor that determines
the amount of insolation shown on sketch is (latitude / seasons). (1 x 1) (1)

1.3.3 Match the season labelled A to D in the sketch with the descriptions in numbers
I to IV below. Write only the number and the correct letter from the sketch
representing the season next to number in your answer book. E.g. III - F

I 21 December – Southern Hemisphere tilts towards the sun.

II 22 June – Southern Hemisphere tilts away from the sun.
III 21 March – The sun directs insolation onto the equator.
IV 22 September – The sun directs insolation onto the equator. (4 x 1) (4)

1.3.4 Define the concept parallelism. (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.5 Describe the daylength during the dates of the equinox in letter B and D. (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.6 Explain the amount of radiation and daylength at point E and F. (2 x 2) (4)

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 (EC/JUNE 2023) GEOGRAPHY (Grade 11)

1.4 Study the illustration of global air circulation below.

1.4.1 Name the atmospheric cells A, B and C. (3 x 1) (3)

1.4.2 Identify air pressure belt at X and Y (2 x 1) (2)

1.4.3 Describe the influence of Coriolis force on the direction of westerly winds. (1 x 2) (2)

1.4.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss how the air circulation cell
at A developed. (4 x 2) (8)

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 (EC/JUNE 2023) GEOGRAPHY (Grade 11)

1.5 Refer to the synoptic weather map of Southern Africa.

1.5.1 Identify the line marked no 1 in synoptic map. .. (1 x 1) (1)

1.5.2 State the atmospheric pressure recording in the line marked no 1. (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.3 Why is the line marked no 1 important? (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.4 Differentiate between the weather conditions at atmospheric pressure cells A (3 x 2) (6)
and B.

1.5.5 Refer to the enlarged weather station model and describe the weather conditions (4 x 1) (4)
at Port Elizabeth.

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 (EC/JUNE 2023) GEOGRAPHY (Grade 11)

QUESTION 2 : GEOMORPHOLOGY

2.1 Refer to the sketches below showing topography associated with layered rocks.

2.1.1 Identify the type of feature in Sketch A as Cuesta basin or Cuesta dome

2.1.2 Identify the type of feature in Sketch B as Cuesta dome or Cuesta basin

2.1.3 Do these features occur in inclined or horizontal strata?

2.1.4 Identify Slope C as the dip or scarp slope

2.1.5 Identify slope D as the dip or scarp slope

2.1.6 Is slope C steep or gentle?

2.1.7 Is slope D steep or gentle? (7 x 1) (7)

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 (EC/JUNE 2023) GEOGRAPHY (Grade 11)

2.2 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the
answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.8) in
the ANSWER BOOK, for example 2.2.9 A.

2.2.1 … form when rivers incise into joints in rocks.

A. Canyons
B. Domes
C. Mountains
D. Hills

2.2.2 The extensive flat surface of a Karoo landscape is called a …

A. knickpoint.
B. pediment.
C. pediplain.
D. peneplain.

2.2.3 A … is a vertical intrusion of igneous rock.

A. dyke
B. pipe
C. volcano
D. sill

2.2.4 An asymmetrical ridge with a steep dip slope of more than 45° is a …

A. canyon.
B. hogsback.
C. butte.
D. mesa.

2.2.5 A … is a horizontal intrusion of igneous rock.

A. sill
B. pipe
C. volcano
D. dyke

2.2.6 ...are the largest of all intrusive forms.

A. Lopoliths
B. Batholith
C. Laccoliths
D. Domes

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 (EC/JUNE 2023) GEOGRAPHY (Grade 11)

2.2.7 Table Mountain is an example of a …

A. canyon.
B. hogsback.
C. butte.
D. mesa.

2.2.8 The type of topography associated with a basaltic plateau is ...

A. horizontally layered rocks

B. vertically layered rocks
C. massive igneous rocks
D. Cuestas
(8 x 1) (8)

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 (EC/JUNE 2023) GEOGRAPHY (Grade 11)

2.3 Different types of mass movements are illustrated in the photos below.

2.3.1 Define the term mass movement. (1 x 1) (1)

2.3.2 Comment on the possible cause of the type of mass movement at A. (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.3 Explain how the deforestation at B increased the mass movement illustrated on
the sketch. (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.4 Comment on the dangers that the type of mass movement at C has for the
people using the base of the slope. (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss strategies you would

implement to stabilise the area at C. (4 x 2) (8)

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 (EC/JUNE 2023) GEOGRAPHY (Grade 11)

2.4 The sketch below illustrates typical slope elements associated with horizontal layered
rocks

2.4.1 State the kind of landscape where the landform in the sketch is found. (1 x 1) (1)

2.4.2 Name the slope elements labelled A, B, C and D (4 x 1) (4)

2.4.3 Why would tourists use slope element B for rock climbing and abseiling (1 x 2) (2)
purposes? ..

2.4.4 Why will vegetation grow better on slope element D than on the slope element
at C? (1 x 2) (2)

2.4.5 Discuss ONE characteristic of the slope elements A, B and D. (3 x 2) (6)

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 (EC/JUNE 2023) GEOGRAPHY (Grade 11)

2.5 Study the photo below, which illustrate tors.

2.5.1 What are tors? (1 x 2) (2)

2.5.2 Name the massive igneous rock from which tors develop. (1 x 1) (1)

2.5.3 Describe the shape of the present-day core stones of the tors. (1 x 2) (2)

2.5.4 Why is it possible for the core stones to remain in place although they seem very
loose? (2 x 2) (4)

2.5.5 Describe the development of tors. (2 x 3) (6)

[60]
TOTAL FOR SECTION A [120]

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 (EC/JUNE 2023) GEOGRAPHY (Grade 11)

SECTION B

QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

The questions below are based on the 1: 50 000 topographical map 3025AD
PHILIPPOLIS, as well as the orthophoto map of a part of the mapped area.

GENERAL INFORMATION ON PHILIPPOLIS

Philippolis is a small town situated in the

Motheo and Xhariep region of the Free
State Province in South Africa. In 1823 it
served as a missionary outpost for the
Bushman. This makes Philippolis the oldest
settlement in the Free State Province.
Seventy-five of Philippolis’s buildings have
been declared as national monuments.
Philippolis’s climate is characterised by
warm to hot summers and cool to cold
winters. This semi-desert area also brings
fluctuations of temperature from day to night
with an average amount of annual
precipitation of 353,0 mm.
Coordinates: 30° 15' S 25° 16' E

The following English terms and their translations are shown on the topographic
map:

ENGLISH AFRIKAANS
Diggings Delwery
Furrow Voor
Sewerage works Rioolwerke

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 (EC/JUNE 2023) GEOGRAPHY (Grade 11)

3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS

3.1.1 A human feature found at 30°19' 24" S and 25° 17' 17" E is a …

A. Monument
B. Communication tower
C. Wind pump
D. Grave (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.2 Refer to the trigonometrical station 275 at M in block D4, and spot height 1404
at N in block C4 on the topographical map

(a) Identify the landform marked with letter M in block D4. (1 x 1) (1)

(b) Calculate the difference in height between trig station 275, M and spot
height 1404, at N (2 x 1) (2)

3.1.3 Refer to the trigonometrical station 275, M in block D4, and bench-mark 1326,7
P in block C3 on the topographical map

(a) Calculate the gradient between bench-mark 1326,7 at P and

trigonometrical station 275 at M. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be
awarded for calculations. (5 x 1) (5)

(b) Is the gradient calculated in QUESTION 3.1.3 (a) STEEP or GENTLE? (1 x 1) (1)

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 (EC/JUNE 2023) GEOGRAPHY (Grade 11)

3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION

3.2.1 The direction of the wind pump in Block C1 from spot height 1468 in block C1 is
…

A. north east.
B. south east.
C. south west.
D. north west. (1 x 1) (1)

3.2.2 The human-made feature labelled K in block B5 on the orthophoto map is a …

A. hiking trail.
B. school.
C. place of worship.
D. post office. (1 x 1) (1)

3.2.3 Refer to landforms 1 in block B3 and 2 in block B4 on the orthophoto map.

(a) Identify any ONE type of mass movement that could possibly affect
Poding-Tse-Rolo settlement found in block B3 and B3 at the base these
landforms on the orthophoto map. (1 x 2) (2)

(b) Explain TWO human activities that can contribute to any type of mass (2 x 2) (4)
movement.

3.2.4 Philipolis generally receives low rainfall. Mention TWO measures evident in
blocks C5 and D5 on the topographical map that farmers have adopted to
overcome water shortages. (2 x 2) (4)

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 (EC/JUNE 2023) GEOGRAPHY (Grade 11)

3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS

3.3.1 Setting an area to demarcate one area from another is known as ... (1 x 1) (1)

A. Remote sensing
B. Data layering
C. Buffering
D. Spatial resolution

3.3.2 Classify the following statements as spatial data or attribute data.

(a) Main road between O and P on the topographical map is a tar road with (1 x 2) (2)
two lanes.

(b) The wind pump in block E3 on the topographical map is found at 30° 19' (1 x 2) (2)
24" S and 25° 17' 17" E.

3.3.3 Refer to the photo of a golf course in Block A3.

(a) Classify the type of data in the image as vector or raster data. (1 x 1) (1)
(b) Explain how GIS assisted the developers in the location of this golf (1 x 2) (2)
course.

TOTAL FOR SECTION B [30]

TOTAL FOR THE QUESTION PAPER [150]

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