Final Assignment

CHAPTER-1 (Fundamentals of Energy Science and Technology)
Q1. What do you mean by primary and secondary energy sources?

Q2. Enumerate the criteria based on which energy resource can be classified
Q3. What are conventional and non-conventional energy sources?
Q4. Distinguish between renewable and non-renewable energy sources.
Q5. What are the advantages and limitations of non-conventional energy sources?
Q6.What are the advantages and disadvantages of conventional energy sources?
Q7. What is the present (31st March 2024) installed capacity of Indian National Grid? Also
provide the breakdown of this capacity among various energy resources.
Q8. What is the gross electricity consumption per capita (india, FY2023). What are the different
sectors of electricity consumption in India also provide the percentage consumption of electricity
among these sectors.
Q9. What is the present installed electricity generation capacity of 10 Major States of India.
Also indicate how much of this installed capacity is from renewable resources.
Q10. What is the gross electricity production in year 2023-24 [ in TWh or BU] indicating the
contribution from various energy resources.
CHAPTER-3 (Energy Storage)

Q1. What is the necessity of energy storage?
Q3. What are the important energy storage methods?
Q4. With the help of suitable schematic diagram, explain the working principle of various
Mechanical energy storage devices.
Q5. Explain the working principle of given Electrochemical Energy Storage device: [Nickel–
Cadmium (Ni–Cd) Battery, Nickel–Metal Hydride (Ni–MH or Ni–MH) Battery, Lithium–Ion
Battery (LIB)].
Chemical Energy Storage [Hydrogen Storage and Reversible Chemical Reactions Storage].
Thermal Energy Storage Methods [Sensible Heat Storage and Latent Heat Storage (Storage in
Phase Change Materials)].
CHAPTER-4 (Solar Energy—Basic Concepts)
Q1. With the help of suitable diagram, explain the working of Pyranometer, Pyrheliometer, and
Sunshine recorder.
Q2. With the help of suitable diagram explain the following angles: Latitude (Angle of
Latitude), Declination, Hour Angle, Inclination Angle (Altitude), Zenith Angle, Solar Azimuth
Angle, Slope (Tilt Angle), Surface Azimuth Angle, Angle of Incidence.
Q3.Explain : i)Air Mass, ii) SOLAR DAY LENGTH, or duration of sunshine hours, or daylight
hours, iii) hour angle at sunrise (or sunset).
Q4. All numerical given in solar geometry pdf notes
CHAPTER-5 (Solar Thermal Systems)

Q1. Classify the solar collector (or types of solar collectors).
Q2. Compare the Concentrating and Non-concentrating Type (Flat Plate Type) Solar
Collectors.
Q4. With the help of neat sketch explain the working of different types of Liquid Flat Plate
Collector.
Q6. With the help of neat sketch explain the working of different types of:
a) Flat Plate Air Heating Collector (Solar Air Heater, Solar Air Collector),
b) Evacuated Tube Collector,
d) Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC),
e) Cylindrical Parabolic Concentrator,
f) Linear Fresnel Lens Collector,
g) Paraboloidal Dish Collector (Scheffler Solar Concentrator),
h) Central Tower Receiver,
Q8. With the help of neat sketch explain the working of :

a)Solar water heating system,
b) SOLAR PASSIVE SPACE HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS,
c )SOLAR INDUSTRIAL HEATING SYSTEMS,
d) SOLAR FURNACE,
e) SOLAR DRYER,
f) SOLAR DISTILLATION (DESALINATION OF WATER),
CHAPTER-6 (Solar Photovoltaic Systems)
Q1. Explain the I-V characteristics of solar cell. Also define, ‘maximum efficiency’ and
‘fill factor’ of solar cell.
Q2 Explain the reasons of low efficiency of solar cells.
Q3. With the help of neat sketches, discuss the applications of Solar PV systems
Q4. With the help of diagram, explain the meaning of solar cell, module, Array, and
Array field.
Q5. With the help of diagram, discuss the fabrication of single crystal (or
monocrystalline) silicon cell, multicrystalline silicon cell, and amorphous silicon cell
Q6. Solved problems given in pdf of ‘PV questions’
CHAPTER-7 (Wind Energy)

Q1.Discuss the Factors Affecting the Distribution of Wind Energy on the Surface of Earth
Q2. With the help of suitable graph explain the Variation of Wind Speed with Height. Also
explain the meaning of terms: wind shear, gradient height, free atmosphere, planetary
boundary layer, surface layer, Ekman layer
Q3. Write the expression that measures the Power in Wind. Explain the meaning of each term.
Q4. Explain: Wind speed frequency distribution curve, Normalized speed frequency diagram,
Wind speed-duration curve, Power versus wind speed characteristics
Q5. Explain the term Capacity Factor.
Q6. What are the features of a suitable siting for wind power generation plants installation?
Q7. With the help of suitable diagram, explain the working principle of Horizontal Axis Wind
Turbine (HAWT). Also explain Various types of rotors for HAWT.
Q8. With the help of suitable diagram, explain the working principle of Vertical Axis Wind
Turbine (VAWT) Various types or rotors for VAWTs
Q9. A propeller type wind turbine has following data: Speed of free wind at a height of 10 m =
12 m/s, Air density = 1.226 kg/m3, α= 0.14, Height of tower = 100 m, Diameter of rotor = 80
m, Wind velocity at the turbine reduces by 20%, Generator efficiency = 85%,Find:(i) Total
power available in wind,(ii) Power extracted by the turbine,(iii) Electrical power generated,
(iv) Axial thrust on the turbine, (v) Maximum axial thrust on the turbine
Q10. Following data were measured for a HAWT: Speed of wind = 20 m/s at 1 atm and 27 °C,
Diameter of rotor = 80 m, Speed of rotor = 40 rpm, Calculate the torque produced at the shaft
for maximum output of the turbine.
Q11 A HAWT is installed at a location having free wind velocity of 15 m/s. The 80 m diameter
rotor has three blades attached to hub. Find the rotational speed of the turbine for optimal
energy extraction.
CHAPTER-8 (Biomass Energy)

Q1. What are the Main advantages &disadvantages of biomass energy.
Q2. Explain various Biomass conversion technologies: (i) physical method, (ii) incineration
(direct combustion), (iii) thermo-chemical method and (iv) biochemical method.
Q3. What is Biomass gasification. classify the biogas Gasifiers. With the help of suitable
diagram, explain the working principle of “Fluidized bed biomass gasification plant”
Q4. Explain the different stages of Biogas production from organic waste. Also list the
advantages of Anaerobic digestion.
CHAPTER-9 (Geothermal Energy)

Q1. What do you mean by geothermal energy. What are the main advantages and
disadvantages of geothermal energy.
Q2. What are the main applications of Geothermal energy.
Q3 What is the origin and distribution of geothermal energy.
Q4. List the various types of geothermal resources.
Q5. With the help of suitable diagram, explain the working of the “Hot Dry Rock binary fluid
system”.
CHAPTER-10 (Ocean Energy )

Q1. What are the limitations of Tidal energy? What are the environmental impacts of OTEC
Q.3 With the help of schematic diagram, explain open and closed Ocean Thermal Energy
Conversion Technology (OTEC) plant.
Q4. A single basin type tidal power plant has a basin area of 2 km2. The tide has an average
range of 13 m. Power is generated during ebb cycle only. The turbine stops operating when the
head on it falls below 3 m. Calculate the average power generated by the plant in single emptying
process of the basin if the turbine generator efficiency is 0.7.Estimate the average annual energy
generation of the plant.
Q5 Water is pumped rapidly from the ocean into the basin at high tide to give an increased water
level of 1.2 m in a tide power basin. If tidal range is 6 m and the efficiency of pump/generator
system is only 50%, find the energy gain due to use of pumping.
CHAPTER-12 (Emerging Technologies)

Q1 What is the fuel cells and what are its potential applications.
Q2. Classify the Fuel Cells: Based on the Type of Electrolyte, based on the Types of the Fuel
and Oxidant, Based on Operating Temperature, Based on Application, Based on the Chemical
Nature of Electrolyte
Q3. With the help of suitable diagram, explain the working principle
(a) Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC)
(b) Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC)
(c) Polymer Electrolytic Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) or Solid Polymer Fuel Cell (SPFC) or
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)
d)Molten carbonate fuell cell(MCFC)
CHAPTER-13 (Miscellaneous Non-Conventional Energy Technologies)

Q1 What are the technologies that converts thermal energy directly into electrical energy.
Q2. What do you mean by Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) power conversion? With the help of
suitable diagram, explain the working principle of magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) power
generator.
Q3. Explain the working principle of thermoelectric power generator.

Q4. Calculate the open circuit voltage and maximum power output for a MHD generator having
following data: Plate area = 0.25 m2, Distance between the electrodes = 0.50 m, Flux density =
1.8 Wb / m2, Average gas velocity = 1200 m / s, Gaseous conductivity = 10 mho / m
Q5. An MHD duct has the dimensions; length l = 2 m, average vertical height, d = 0.35 m,
average width, w = 0.5 m. The magnetic flux density, B = 4.2 T along w, and the gas, velocity,
u = 600 m/s along l. At a performance coefficient of K = 0.65, calculate:(a) generated voltage
and its gradient (b) load voltage

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CHAPTER-1 (Fundamentals of Energy Science and Technology)

Q1. What do you mean by primary and secondary energy sources?

CHAPTER-3 (Energy Storage)

Q4. All numerical given in solar geometry pdf notes

CHAPTER-5 (Solar Thermal Systems)

Q8. With the help of neat sketch explain the working of :

CHAPTER-7 (Wind Energy)

Q5. Explain the term Capacity Factor.

CHAPTER-8 (Biomass Energy)

CHAPTER-9 (Geothermal Energy)

CHAPTER-10 (Ocean Energy )

CHAPTER-12 (Emerging Technologies)

CHAPTER-13 (Miscellaneous Non-Conventional Energy Technologies)

Q3. Explain the working principle of thermoelectric power generator.

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