1 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (I)

Lesson
Real Number System
Worksheet 1.1
Name: ______________ Class: _____( ) Date: __________
TEACHER’S EDITION
Objectives: 1. Understand the hierarchy of the real number system.
2. Discuss the conversion between recurring decimals and fractions.

Key Points
Conversion between fractions and decimals
All terminating decimals and recurring decimals can be converted into fractions.
Terminating decimals → Fractions Recurring decimals → Fractions
6 3 13 . 1 . 11
0.6   0.13  0.3  0.12 
e.g. 10 5 , 100 e.g. 3, 90

Let’s Check
(from Classwork on p.1.10 of the textbook)
4 5 9 1
 1
Consider the fractions 3 , 2 , 11 , 6.
Which of them can be expressed as
5 4 9 1
 , , 1
(a) terminating decimals? 2 (b) recurring decimals? 3 11 6

Steps for converting recurring decimals into fractions:

(1) Let x be the recurring decimal.
(2) Multiply x by 10n, where n is the number of repeating digit(s) in x.
(3) Find the value of 10nx – x.
(4) Divide the result by (10n – 1) and express the answer in the fraction in the simplest form.

Let’s Try 1 (from Quick Practice 1.1)

Example 1 (Level 1) (from Teaching Example 1.1) Convert the following recurring decimals into
Convert the following recurring decimals into fractions. (Leave your answers in the simplest
fractions. (Leave your answers in the simplest form.)
form.)
(a) 0.7̇
(a) 0.5̇ Solution
Solution
Let x 0.7̇
Let x 0.5̇ i.e. x 0.777 777… ……(1)
i.e. x 0.555 555… ……(1) 10x 7.777 777… ……(2)
10x 5.555 555… ……(2) (2) – (1): 9x 7
(2) – (1): 9x 5 7
5 Since there is 1 repeating
̇ x 9
x 9 digit in 0.5 , we multiply
0.7̇ 7
̇
0.5 5 both sides of (1) by 101,
i.e. 10. 9
9

̇ ̇
(b) 0.315 ̇ ̇
(b) 2.37

Solution Solution
HKDSE Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 1 © United Prime Educational Publishing (HK) Ltd. 2023
Pearson Education Asia Limited 2023
 1 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (I)

Let x Let x
i.e. x 0.315 315… ……(3) i.e. x 2.373 737… ……(3)
1000x 315.315 315… ……(4) 100x 237.373 737… ……(4)
(4) – (3): 999x 315 (4) – (3): 99x 235
Since there are 3
x repeating digits in x
̇ ̇ , we multiply
0.315
both sides of (3) by
103, i.e. 1000.

̇ ̇
(c) 3.45 ̇ ̇
(c) 1.481

Solution Solution
Let x ̇ ̇
3.45 Let x ̇ ̇
1.481
i.e. x 3.454 545… ……(5) i.e. x 1.481 481… ……(5)
100x 345.454 545… ……(6) 1000x 1481.481 481… ……(6)
(6) – (5): 99x 342 (6) – (5): 999x 1480
342 Since there are 2 1480
x 99 repeating digits in x 999
̇ ̇ , we multiply
3.45
38 40
both sides of (5) by
11 10 , i.e. 100.
2 27
̇ ̇  38
3.45 ̇ ̇  40
1.481
11 27

Key Points
Real number system
Natural numbers: Numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, … for counting.
Integers: Positive integers (natural numbers), negative integers and zero, i.e. …, –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …
p q0
q
Rational numbers: Numbers that can be expressed as , where p and q are integers and .
10 4.8̇

e.g. 3 , , 12.9, 25
p q0
q
Irrational numbers: Numbers that cannot be expressed as , where p and q are integers and .
e.g.  2 , , tan 30°
Real numbers: Rational numbers and irrational numbers.
1 5 5.43̇ 7

e.g. –7, –1.1, 6 , 0, sin 60°, 2 , , 2π, 10, 22.5,

HKDSE Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 2 © United Prime Educational Publishing (HK) Ltd. 2023
Pearson Education Asia Limited 2023
 1 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (I)
The relationships among different kinds of real numbers can be summarized as follows:

Real numbers
̇ ̇  ,  0.2, 0, sin 45, 4 ,  , 11, 4.8,
 3,  1,  0.56,
1 ̇ 7, 32.5
e.g. 2 3

Rational numbers Irrational numbers

̇ ̇  1 ,  0.2, 0, 4 , 4.8,
1,  0.56, ̇ 7, 32.5
e.g. 2 3 e.g.  3, sin 45,  , 11

Fractions can be expressed as:

Integers Fractions 1. Terminating decimals
(excluding integers) e.g. –0.2, 32.5
e.g. –1, 0, 7 2. Recurring decimals
1 4
 , ̇ ̇ , 4.8̇
e.g. 2 3 e.g. 0.56

Negative Zero Positive Negative Positive Negative irrational Positive irrational

integers 0 integers fractions fractions numbers numbers
e.g. –1 e.g. 7 (excluding (excluding e.g.  3 sin 45,  , 11
e.g.
integers) integers)
1 4

e.g. 2 e.g. 3

HKDSE Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 3 © United Prime Educational Publishing (HK) Ltd. 2023
Pearson Education Asia Limited 2023
 1 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (I)

Let’s Check
(modified from Classwork on p.1.10 of the textbook)
Consider the following numbers.
̇ ̇  19
5 0.43 2 9

–7.1, 8, , , , –21, , 5 , tan 30°,
Complete the following table.

9
(a) Natural number 8,
9
(b) Integer 8, –21,
̇ ̇
0.43 2 9
(c) Rational number 
–7.1, 8, , –21, 5,
5  19
(d) Irrational number , , , tan 30°
̇ ̇  19
5 0.43 2 9
(e) Real number 
–7.1, 8, , , , –21, , 5 , tan 30°, NF
Let’s Try 2
Example 2 (Level 2) Simplify each of the following and determine
Simplify each of the following and determine whether it is rational or irrational.
whether it is rational or irrational.
(a) 6 5  45
(a) 3 2  8
(b) 12  27
(b) 18  32
Solution
Solution
(a) 6 5  45  6 5  3  5
2
(a) 3 2  8  3 2  2  2
2

 6 5 3 5
3 22 2
3 5
5 2
5 is rational while 2 is irrational. 3 is rational while 5 is irrational.
5 2 is irrational. 3 5 is irrational.
i.e. 3 2  8 is irrational. i.e. 6 5  45 is irrational.

(b) 18  32  32  2  42  2 (b) 12  27  22  3  33
 3 24 2  2 3 3 3
 12  2  63
 24  18
24 is rational. 18 is rational.
18  32 is rational. 12  27 is rational.

HKDSE Mathematics in Action (3rd Edition) 4 © United Prime Educational Publishing (HK) Ltd. 2023
Pearson Education Asia Limited 2023