AIJIJa~

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► History of Puigab
►tiH•a eT fef3 1
>-1

• In India, the prehistoric period is divided into

1. The Paleolithic (Old Stone Age),
2. Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age),
3. Neolithic (New Stone Age) and
4. The Metal Age.
• ~•a3 ~ , ~-fef.Bd 1Acl crHm:J cifarJlrfa"pw~
1) 1lA1efAFilcc ~thra~,
2) >IRfAfttcc (lfCf thra ~ '
3) fnefAfttcc (~t.hra~ "t)f3
4) tf'3'~.

► Metal Age ('QT3' tilyT)

• The Neolithic period is followed by Chalcolithic (copper-stone)
period when copper and bronze came to be used.
• The new technology of smelting metal ore and crafting metal
artifacts is an important development in human civilization.
• But the use of stone tools was not given up.
• Most importantly, the Harappan culture is considered as a part of
Chalcolithic culture.
• ol Gft; ftt o1 ~ 3 ~ 8Hol ft; ftt o1 ,,,.fhw(?er ~ t=re "31a ~ ~ et
~crr3)-~"fltl -
• ~~~~~1:P3"~ o1H1 (¼3lrw Ele•~e et~ ao1c'> 18t-0
Hm-~MJfE"q~ fc;:;o( •fi~I
• l.2l.fEfc~Fit1"et~ra Jdl dfet1
• ~3~~~~for~ >-il1(¼3l ~ o1Hol8lft1o1 ~ t T
V n - . -
 Adda~
M 1cu:M

► Harappan Civilization/ Indus

Valley Civilization
►~ Rf~W)l3•/ mt:r ~
Rf~1\13 1

H und/Qldt
(Hctlntffnd)
Cultu,..

Kulll
Cultu,w

• Ch•nhu- D • • o
• 5o1ff Koh ...,.11,:1 An1r1•
Alutr• eana•
sttk~gcm D o , lnahdlno Culture

::~~{!ho~•vlra
SurkOIAda ~~rt..:t:;--

Source • Wikipcdia

► Harappan Civilization/ Indus Valley Civilization

• Belongs to Bronze age (2500-1700 B.C.)
• The earliest excavations in the Indus valley were done
oHarappa (Harappa was first discovered by Brittish .
archaeologist Sir Alexander Cunningham (~HdlA.iad ~
) during excavations in 1872 discovered but after him Dayaram
Sahni completed excavation in 1921 located in the West Punjab
on the bank of river Ravi
• oM=ft ~ (Bronze age) (2500-1700 B.C. ) o1'"8 J-taQ3 ~
•rnrrura-M,~"3l.foTil"~oft3t~m
•~a~~ ~~.~fc:H lJa•:::73~-~ FTo ~Aa1A·.iaa
~ ?> 1872 ~ oft3t FIT, l.fd" ~ ~ ~ e&Pd 1H
J-1 aol ?> 19 21 M, t©-IT ~ M, ~ re ~ ~ J-t ftj3 ~
1

l@t crr.:ft-1 -
::::
oMohenjodaro discovered by R.D. Banarjee in 1922 in Sind on
the bank of river Indus .
• ~ oJS p~ ces @re now in ~~k~~an. ., ,.
• cl e et 1::fn l'){Tcf :;ft ~ 19 2 2 ~ ffltr oa- e- ci@"
fflt:J f.i kJd ~ oft3t ~ ffil - ~
• ~ HEl'o ~1..l•foef13 16 ~@I

• The Harappan culture was distinguished by its system of town planning.

• Harappa, Mohenjodaro and Kalibangan each had its own citadel built on a
high podium of mud brick.
• Another remarkable feature was the underground dralnaae system
connecting all houses to the street drains which were covered by bricks.
• The most important public place of Mohenjodaro is the Great Bath.
• But in the citadel of Hara~ a we find as many as six granaries store.
• ~ fiHf½.31 ~ Efuo ~n6•Eie1 a-~~~~~ m
• ~J~e3 ).f3 ol 8laia16 ~~er~ fqw (citadel) m, t=t fi..ra-
~I
1

~~ e ~ ~ §3" ~ ~ m1
• ~ ~ on--r-i ~ f~HH3• ~ foo1 111 ~ mt=t RTa urat ~ ~ e
1

~?)TH A;1a m, t = t ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 , o 1 -
• ·;:iaoAea cl" FB 3 ~ ri63ol m }-@T(') feS:16 6 1
(Great Bath) ~I
. ~ e ~ M3" fi•g g e ~ ~ ~ f>.rge- rj()1

• There was a great progress in all spheres of economic activity

such as ,Agriculture, Industry & crafts and Trade.
• The Crops were grown as Wheat ~ Barley, Sesame, Mustard and
Cotton.
• The use of horse is not yet firmly established.
• Bronze and copper vessels are the outstanding examples of the
Har~ pan metal craft.
• 'r>i'd o( a1dlf~tnl1fT ~ for "tj31EP~, ~e&la1 ~ ~ ~
~ e- ~ ~ M3 acl3 3JJ1 ~ ~I
• cfEor ;:f f3g ~
I I ll~
I
~ ~ ~ df18i Qdl'
-
e1 l1fT ~ Roi
• ul3" -el" ~a.3· ~ ~ 3a '3 ~ ~ oft3t ~ ~-
• oM=it ~ 3'-a (Bronze and copper) e- ~ ~ W3" e-
~~ a•oe•a ~e•clati ~1
 Addam
M 1Ge:M

• Gold and silver ornaments are found in many places.

• Beads were manufactured from semi-precious stones.
• Iron was unknown to them.
• AA-&et e a1@E ~ ~ •3 ~ t=R 001
•~ e
, ))@1::1'-~ ifi=rat 3· a~ 1 -are- Fl?)I
• "BcJT (Iron) ~ ga 'r)ftt=l't FIT

• The Harappan sculpture revealed a high degree Addaffl

M 1Gv:M
of workmanship.
• The figure of a dancing girl from Mohenjodaro
made of bronze is remarkable for its ,____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
workmanship.
• Its right hand rests on the hip, while the left
arm, covered with bangles, hangs loosely in a
relaxed,.posture.
• cJN eT 1icf3T ?> lft3' ifr:rat o< 1d1dla1 -er l:fWW
oIT31"1 = - - fouNO Af
/?a,AXcD ~ fllJOllll~
• }lJAea RB"cP'Rt~EJ8" 'ff!q~~-er PosnJf£
ftr.3"a', fefiel o< 1ala1al 8"Et ~ -er cf! O.ncingGirl

• fefie• "fit:rT cJcf q},cf ~ ~ ~ cl, ~

~ ~~, ~m~~a, ff!q
~~M,c},

• The Harappan script has still to be fully deciphered.

• The number of signs is between 400 and 600 of which 40 or 60
are basic and the rest are their variants.
• The script was mostly written from right to left.

- ~ IBl.ff ?j ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~,
• fik>i" a-~ 400 3 600 e ~t:Jol'd ~, ffi?)T ~ 40 ~ 60 lIB
<I <I -
cJn'r)f3~We~ool -
• ~ ~ ~ 3 c:fa @ff~ ffil
• The chief male deity was Pasupati, (proto-Siva) represented in seals a~
as sitting in a yogic posture with three faces and two horns.
• He is surrounded by four animals (elephant, tiger, rhino, and buffalo
each facing a different direction).
• Two deer appear on his feet.
• The chief female deity was the Mother Goddess represented m
terracotta figurines.
•tfl:f ?>-a-€~3' f.jl"~. <~-fu?) mw~ eaH'IE'}{Tfdrwm, R
rciBo @cld ll8efi:ravn1E~~~ao,-m1
•~Bra i-l'<'>~di (cJ"'f:IT, a"Uf, ~ . ll8 >iV) o'"8' ~~~
ft=-1Hei l-@ ~ fer.r" ~ ~I
•€me~'3"et<lao ~te-e-cJo1
•Hl:f l-f't1" ~ 1-f'3T ~ , (Mother Goddess) mfi:rH ?5 ~d'iQc' ~
~ M:f eaH• !Er}{T fdrw rTI"I =

Addaffl
M 1aviM

• Trees (pipal), fire, and animals were also worshipped by the a~

Harappans.
• They believed in ghosts and evil forces and used amulets as
protection against them.
• No special places for worship such as Temples.
□Important Sites In Pakistan -
• Harappa , on the bank of Ravi river, Kot Diji in Sind,
Mohenjodara on the bank of indus River, Chano-daro, Amri, and
Mehr-garh.

Huttdlo•k
( H e l nutnd)
Culture

Source • Wiklpcdiu

• Important Sites in Among the many other sites excavated, the most
important are Rupar in the Punjab (discovered by Y.D.Sharma in 1952-
1953, on the bank of river Satlej.), Kalibangan in Rajasthan (Famous for
Bangals).
• Important sites of Haryana:- Banawali, Balu, Bhirrana, Jognakhera,
Rakhigarhi in Haryana,
• Important sites of Gujarat:- Surkotada and Dholavira, Lothal (a port city)
• ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ cJ1W M:r ~ >1E4'<'>' NB,
R3' 3 ~~~NB ai.a ;:t 1952-1953 ~ ~ -~ - J:raW
~ , >138:.1 net -e- a @ " ~ ~ , ~ a•,-1>11::4•<'> fc!e' o1 18laia10
- -
(B;itrw gEf Hr.@o) I
• ~ ~ ~ Rl:Vi'S:- ~ M:, ao~•81 '8"5 ~d•E•
~ I ~ - I ::,: I I

• dh-td 13 ~ ~ HEVi'i:- fid~cei ~ Q8•~d• gEfE (fEor

- = - I
aeddl 1d ~ l:frao)
 ► Indus Site in Punjab
►titt•a fi:e' fFitl R 1elc

• Kotla Nihang Khan:- in Ropar district of Punjab, discovered in 1929.

• Rupnagar:- Excavated by YD Sharma during 1952-53 o n the bank
of Sutlej river.
• Sanghol :- it is located in District Fatehgarh.
• Sunet:- it is located in District Ludhiana.
• Rohira:- it is located near Ahmadgarh, District Malerkotla. Here
historians found bricks in the size ratio of 1:2:4.
• acM• f0Ja1 l:f":- ~ t ~ fuE ~ , 1929 ~ ~ raJ)'){TI
•~ :- J-138i-t ~ t ere- 1952-53 &Vi5 ~ ifl' r.fdW ~
~oft3l"~I -
• ~ :- ~ fucy af::k)dl~ fl•k)a fcre >-tP::13 ~I
• 'R'cE:- ~ fa"w' ~ fcre' ffftj3 a-1
• ~ •:- ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ l118aolc:81 ffftj3 ~I ~
-
~f:kJ'ff6< 1di ? 5 1 : 2 : 4 ~ ~ ~ f c r e ' ~ ~ I
::::

• Dholbaha:- :- it is located in District Hosiarpur.

• Dher Maira:- it is located in Ropar district. it is also known as
bikhun.
• Bara:- it located in Ropar district of Punjab.
• eMS'd':- ~ ~ ~ ~ H ftt3 ~I
.w )i•fta•:- iw ~ fu-ey m Rftt3 B1~ i> ~ ~ ~
~~I == -

• l:1"'31':- ~ ~ e ~ fu-ey ~ Hftt3 ~I

20-22/29 ••
••
••
 Addaffl
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Old names of Punjab

Addaffl
------------------------- 1Gv:M
Old names of Punjab
• Braham Vrata:- Historians has this believe that, Braham Vrata is
Oldest Name of Punjab, mentioned in Ramayana.
• Sapt-Sindhu:- Sapt-Sindhu (Means - land of seven rivers) is one of
oldest name of Punjab that is mentioned in Rigveda (oldest veda).
• Panch-nand:- Punjab was also known as Panch-nand according to
Mahabharat.
• 'EfcJlf ~:- fef3c.1 111o1 1di t'" ~ kffl~•fi ~ ~ , 'EfcJ1-f ~ ~ t1'" FT3' 3
~ mf ~, rn11e1 ~ ~ ~ cft3t" ~-a=1
• 1Pa-fiw:-FP-B-mri (~lB~~'Q'd'3t) ~eFT3'3
~oTW~fEor~ ft-me• @dl~e (FT3'3~~) ~~~I
• \ffl-?re:- r1c.1•3•a3 lllo11•a l.ft-P"a ~ 1.@'-R ~ fo@T ~ m1

Addaffl
-------------------------
• Takki/ Takk:- Hiuen-Tsang the Chinese travelers, visited india
M 1c,:M

during the reign of King Hrashavardhana, (A.D . 629-644) called

Punjab as Taki Raj, after the name of a powerful tribe Taki who ruled
over this region
• Pentopotamia:- Greeks called Punjab Pentopotamia, which means
the land of five rivers.
• 'ccr (Takki):- tft?5l Gi'3Jl RJ@eo-"W'dl (Hiuen-Tsang), ~ c.ldS:f~dQ6
e -a't1 ~ 3'"d"3" ~ H<CcEl·. 629-644) ?> ~ ~ ~ -a't1 orao
~ fEor S:fo!Hh:1 181 ~ c1'oft" (Takki Tribe) e m f ~ ~ ~ C'oIT
-a't1 (Takki Rajj) ro@T ffil -
• ~ : - t16 1<'>l Ber~ i i ~ orfJe rJ?>, ti-i11e 1 ~ ~
"4M ~ 6" 'Q'd'3t1 ::::
• Puniab:- Ibn-Batuta visited India in the early of 14th century, reign of
Muhammad bin -Tughlaq, and use first time Punjab word for the land
of five rivers.
• Lahore Sobba:- Punjab was known as Lahore Subha during the reign
of Maharaj a Ranjit Singh .
e
• 'Lfn'il':- fuao-a331'?) 14~ rret r.1o M3' l-@He- tao-3a,8q e
~~~~~o[31'~1.fi=f-~6't:ra3'"~l.fraffi
Wol.fi11-ar.fae'~I
• A•Ja R9":- i-kl'd rl'
1
d~+n3 fi:fuJ e 'd'fn ~ l..inra ?5 ~ rfa"
fo@T~ ffil = =

Addam
MJrwiM
• Puniab Province:- Punjab was known as Punjab Province of British
India during during British reign.
• Modern Day Punjab in 1 Nov, 1966 .
• 'Lfn'il' ~:- ~ oTM ~ l..inra ?J ~fc:f.1 rn e l..inra ~ ~
~ ~ ffil .........+'w----r - -

• 1 c5.£aa, 1966 ~ l'lt 9fca5o( l..iri'ral

1

Addam
N'r;,:N
• The use of the word Punjab is in the book 'Tarikh-e-Sher Shah',
which mentions the construction of a fort by "Sher Khan of
Punjab".
• The name is mentioned again in Ain-e-Akbari (part 1), written by
Abul Fazal, who also mentions that the territory of Punjab was
divided into two provinces, Lahore and Multan.
• ~ f.1ae at=r-a~ fo13,a ~ -"E'-lt:JWcr (1580) ~~
e
fi:m'-M:r tr,=rra ffi:J l:fo'' ~ feq fqg ~ ~H j d1 er fBold ~I
11

• ~ aA8 ~ f5l:rr ~-"E'-~o1ad1 (~ 1) -M:r ~ m-r er

esa•
d 1 friold- oIT31" furw ~, fi:m' 'M:r ~ ~ ~ raf't)fT ~ for tr,=rra
~ n:!8 161 1 e-~,8 dd )}{3'~83 6 ~~rarnfT'fITI
1 1
 Addaffl
IGU:

• Similarly in the second volume of 'Ain-e-Akbari', the title of a

chapter includes the word Punjab in it.
• The Mughal King Jahangir also mentions the word Punjab in
'Tuzk-i-Janhageeri'.
• fuR ~ ~•0?5--e--l1i6(aa1 ~ ~ ft18e RB~~~ fRa8tf
~l4A•a f.lae WlIBal -
• >-tdl8 a•ef.l•cl Acliafla '?> ~ 3B6(-E-Acliafla1 ~ tir-l'a aae t"'
fd6(a o(l3, a1 -

27-29/29 •••
 Addam
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► Vedic Age
• The cities of the Harappan Culture had declined by 1500 B.C.
• Around 1500 B.C, the speakers of Indo-Aryan language, Sanskrit, entered the
north-west India from the Inda-Iranian region.
• Their initial settlements were in the valleys of the north-west and the plains of
the Punj ab.
• ~ ~ -e- f.lkkJi ~ 1500 8W ~ ~ @ld•~c ~ ffil
, ~-~ 3'11:rr~fiflfc{3 e ~ ~ ~ -0d•o1
• 8dl3dl 1500 IDV ~
lBo "3 ~-~ 3'1"d'3" RB~ ~ I
• ~<l<'>i ~ ~ ~ ~-lfsl-f ~ ~ ))f3 lfn'a e ~
~8• foi ~ M:f "fl?)I
• ~ M , ~~-~e~M,"6'5~1
I -

Addaffl
M 1swM
• Later, they moved into lndo-Gangetic plains.
oThis period between 1500 B.C and 600 B.C may be divided into Early
Vedic Period or Rig Vedic Period (1500 B.C -1000 B.C) and Later
Vedic Period (1000B.C - 600 B.C).
o The Vedic literature consists of the four Vedas - Rig veda, Yajur veda,
Sama veda, and Atharva veda.
• Trade was conducted on barter sy~t~~- ~
• 1500 B.C ))8 600 B.C ~ ~t3oi•d cf ~ ?'> ~ c;:;1-eoi q1'g
lEarly Vedic Age) -;:ii kJdl~rt-!ol ~ (1500 B.C-l009=s.9 ))f3 ~ e

~,
~ oPE (Later Vedic Age) ( 1000 B.C - 600 B.C) M, ~ n" ~

• ~ H fc.J3 M, BTo k cR>- @a1~e, uJMO k, ffif' k ))f3 ~

kl -
• ~m gel' El'dcd fflflcH ~ ~ cfae Ro i

Addaffl
M 1swM
• Out-sider invasion on Punjab

• Mohammad Bin Oasim

• The first-ever Muslim invasion in India was in the year of
712 AD by Mohammad Bin Qasim.
• he invaded India and conquered Sindh Province in 712 AD.
• He conquered the Sindh till Multan from Raja Dahir along
the Indus River.
• He started the imposition of Jaziya, when he conquered
Sind
-~
• 3,a3 ~~l-frfffi-fTomi'W 112 el11~ ~r@He'fuo~
~cIT3'"~ffil _ -
-~~'3'mfWcIT3'"l')f.3'712 el11~ ~fi:n:l'ur:rd1'Ml'e1@a
if;:G-f5rw1 '-_,
• ~ 713 ~ ~83 1<'> ~ f;:G-fgrw I
-~~~5'dlcIT3'"1
- =

• Mahmud of Ghazni
• Mahmud of Ghazni was a Turkish conqueror who attacked India 17
times between 1000 to 1027 AD.
• He fought a furious battle against Jayapal (Pala Dynasty) in 1001
CE.
• However, in 1015 CE, Mahmud even annexed Lahore to extend his
empire up to the Jhelum River.
• Mahmud's last major raid was on Somnath temple in Saurashtra on
the western coast of Gujarat in I 025 CE.
• in April 1030, he died due to tuberculosis at the age of 58 years
old .

• II • fI]fJ
i1.ra
•
•
• a1aol er H@l-ft, ~ 3ac<l ~~3• m, fr411~ 1000 ~ 1021 el11~1 ~ 3,a3
~ 11 ~ ~ cIT3'"-m,
• ~ 1001 el11~ ~ ~ (l.JTW d•,-tci>:t) e' ~ ~ ~ 83 1el ~ I
• a,e;ifci!, 101s e111~ ~ , H@l-ft ?> ~ W}rart=J ?> ~aBH re~ ~Q•Gl!:
~ 8 1& § ~ ~ o"5 fHw f5rw1 = -
• H@l-ft er~~~ 1025 el11~ M3" dli-id 13 e' l.©-IT ~ ~
sla•~c:a ~~~~~m, - -
• ~ 1030 ~ ' 58 ~ 6' ~ ~ g11e, lt3' ~ d1Et1
 Adda[rn]
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► Muhammad Ghori
• Muhammad Ghori was the Sultan of the Ghurid Empire from 1173 to
1206.
• He attacked on India 8 times.
• In 1175, Muhammad Ghori's first invasions was on Multan.
• After that he attacked on Gujarat in 1178 .
• Some historical sources told that he Travelled through Bathinda,
which had old name is Tabir-e-hind or Vikramgarh, in 1189.
• In 1191, First Battle of Tarain was fought Between Muhammad Ghori
and Prithvi Raj Chauhan in which Prithvi Raj Chauhan Won the
Battle.

Adda[rn]
N 1r;M:N

►Muhammad Ghori
• ~ -alal' 1173 3 1206 ~ ~ ~ (Ghurid Empire)
e1' B83•?5 SITI
• ~ '?> ~ '3 8 ~ ~ ciIT3'1
• 1175 M3°, ~~~~~ tj83 1c'5 ~ ~ ' f f i l
• furr 3 ~ ~ 1178 ~ ili-ld 13 ~ ~ cIT31"1
• ~ fef3a 1>1o1 'R'a3' ~ ~ f o r ~ 11s9 ~ af6A et ti'3d• oft:3t, ft:tHe•
~ oT'H 3ift'd'-'e-~ n1' ~ rITI
• 1191 ~ , ~ e t ~ 83 16 ~ ~ 'r){3' ~ <3'rt ihl·<'> kh:3ol'd ~
dT6' ffirr ~ ~ B1M Ja•o ?)-fi:ra' tr,a oft:3t1

Addarrnl
M 1aYtM
• Again in 1192, Muhammad Ghori made another attack on Prithvi
Raj Chauhan, this battle is known as second Battle of Tarain.
• This time Muhammad Ghori Won the Battle.
• He appointed Qutb-ud-din Aibak, one of his four Slaves, as his
governor for Punjab/India in 1192.
• Slaves of Muhammad Ghauri: Qutb-ud-din Aibak, Yalduz, Nasir-ud-
din Kabaja and Bakhtiyar Khilji (Aibak's military leader and
Nalanda University (1198).
• In 1206, Muhammad Ghori died.
 USE CODE YS65 For Course And Y565S for Books and test series
• }-@'}{t
~ ;f I .:s (> ~ tt=ft" .......-T'r',..,...
~ ~

•full~ t@}-ft ~ ?>. 8d 1e1 fu ffi!l-1

• GH6 1192 ~ ~ BTo ~ ~ ~ , o13a -~ -& ~ ii
4i-Pa13,a3 ffi!t ~ a1~ac5a fot_1o13 c3<1a 11 - :::
• }@}ft oral" -e a18 1>-r: o<3a-§e"-& ~ t18ea c5, fRa-€re"-& o1a 1r-t 1 ~
~~ c ~ ~ ~ ~ ) ' } f 3 i 1BeF~t>1~afR<1 (1198)1
~ I -
*:::::
• at:fl- -e }@}ft et WcJB 1206 tHtifol" ~ fi:rq- -e ere- 3" ~ c@' ledl ora