Non-Thearapeutic Barriers 1. Why
Non-Thearapeutic Barriers 1. Why
Non-Thearapeutic Barriers 1. Why
1. Why
Entails a defensive explanation
Never ask it directly
Validate the feelings of the client to prevent the concept of rejection
2. False Hope
Fake assurance
Playing God
3. Cliché
Form a false assurance
Figurative state “there’s always a rainbow after the rain”
4. Crowding
Too much Information
Don’t ask offensive questions
Unnecessary information
Only ask important questions
Firing questions (not giving the client the time to answer)
5. Ignoring/Rejection
Concept of neglect
Ex.: Masturbation (ignore the behavior/provide privacy)
Temper tantrum (manifestation of regression)
6. Touch
Could be misinterpreted (sexual/physical)
Never promote eye contact to the person
7. Belittling of feelings
Invalidating the feelings of the client
8. Advising/Imposing
Never advise and never impose
Every individual has its own perspective
9. Exclamatory point (!!!)
Never increase your voice to elderly individual
Older (the higher the volume, the harder for them to hear.
o Should be in normal to moderate voice.
Talk the client normally in eye level, face with adequate lightning.
Different Disorders
DSM5 – Global Assessment Functionality
1. Neurosis
Intactness of reality
Easily corrected
S/Sx: Anxiety (fear of the unknown)
2. Psychosis
Schizophrenia
Reality is no longer intact
Negative concept of reality
Panic attack
Poor prognosis
Disorders
Starts on the concept of anxiety
1. Phobia – diagnosed in 6 months
2. PTSD – diagnosed in 2 months
3. Personality – diagnosed in 6 months
4. Generalized Anxiety Disorder – diagnosed in 6 months
Psychosis:
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Fairness
Has magical thinking (superstitious)
Has peculiar ideas (horoscope)
o Become abnormal if there’s distraction in activities or delusion of
behavior.
If not controlled, schizophrenia
Schizotypal → Schizophreniform (dx in 2-6 months) → Schizophrenia
(thought process & dx 6 months) → Schizoaffective (thought & mood)
Mood:
o Mania: grandiosity
o Major depression
Hopeless
Helplessness
Worthless (reflects to suicidal behavior)
Schizophrenia
Dx in 6 months
Medical term:
o Dementia Praecox (Emil Kraepelin)
Syndrome (collection of signs & symptoms)
o Thought: delusion
o Affect: Affect disturbances
o Motor: echopraxia
o Preceptor: hallucination
Etiology: unknown (idiopathic)
Predisposing factors: neurologic theory (↑dopamine)
↑ Dopamine
Distortion of reality
Diathesis model (constant exposure to stress)
Double bind of communication: contradicting information
o Paradoxical information
o Gas lighting
Disorders: Metabolic
o Thyroid Disorders
o Pernicious anemia (↓B12)
Genes: DNA
o 1 parent:32%
o 2 parents: 65%
o Monozygotic twins: 10-15%
MANIFESTATIONS
↑ Dopamine (confirmatory) ↓ Dopamine (non-confirmatory)
Paranoid (suspicious) Can lead to depression
Agitation (hostile when Alogia
provoke/stimuli involved Poor thought process
Delusional Behavior (fixed false Anergia
belief) No energy
Persecution Seen in major depression
Grandiosity (schizo/manic) Avolition
Erotomania: Absence of motivation
- inclined with idea that No drive, no will
you are loved by all Mutism
people Asocial behavior
- excessive feeling of Apathy
lovability Absence of reaction
Referential: Anhedonia
- perceived that you’re Absence of pleasure
the subject of the Lack joy in life
topic/controversy Depression
- paranoid people Normal individual
4As:
1. Autism
2. Ambivalence (opposing)
3. Association looseness\
4. Affect Disturbances
Broad or exaggerated
Ex.: incongruence
Opposite reaction
Hallucination
Speech disturbances
Echolalia
- Repeating speech of
other people
Verbigeration
- Repeating own
speech
Circumstantially (+)
- Beating around the
bush but will arrive to
the desired
response/answer the
question
Tangentiality
- Cannot answer the
question
- Never answer the
question appropriately
Clang
- Rhyming
Concrete
- “pilosopo”
- Answers literally could
have Autistic
Antipsychotic Medication:
1. Neuroleptic
2. Psychotropic
3. Ataractic
4. Major tranquilizer
Mania -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hypomania -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- milder version of mania & shorted duration 5 days but last 1-2 weeks
Normal -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dysthymia -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- no suicidal behavior
- PDD (Prolong depressive Disorder) – 2yrs.
MD -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cyclothymia
- Alternating episode of hypomania & dysthymia
Mania
- Normal to mania
Bipolar I
- Normal to mania to major depression
Bipolar II
- Normal to major to normal to major to hypomania