"PARTS AND TYPES OF COMMAND MOVEMENTS WHILE AT HALT STEPS AND MARCHING"

I. PARTS AND TYPES OF COMMAND MOVEMENTS WHILE AT HALT STEPS AND MARCHING.

1. ALIGNMENT – A STRAIGHT LINE UPON WHICH SEVERAL ELEMENTS ARE FERMENT, OR THE DRESSING
FOR SEVERAL ELEMENTS UPON STRAIGHT LINE. A UNIT IS ALIGNED WHEN IT IS DRESSED.

2. CADENCE – A UNIFORM RHYTHM BY WHICH A MOVEMENT IS EXECUTED OR THE NUMBER OF STEPS

OR COUNTS PER MINUTES OF WHICH A MOVEMENT IS EXECUTED.

3. BASE – THE ELEMENT ON WHICH A MOVEMENT IS REGULATED. FOR INSTANCE, IN EXECUTING RIGHT
FRONT INTO LINE THE LEADING ELEMENT IS THE BASE.

4. ARM SWING – THE SWINGING OF ARMS MUST BE 6 INCHES IN FRONT AND 3 INCHES STRAIGHT TO
THE REAR OF THE TROUSER SEAMS, FINGERS FORMED INTO A FIST WITH THE THUMB OVER THE
FOREFINGER.

5. DISTANCE–SPACE BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL WHEN INDIVIDUAL ARE ONE BEHIND THE OTHER.

6. COLUMN – A FORMATION IN WHICH THE ELEMENTS ARE PLACED ONE BEHIND OTHER.

7. STEPS – THE DISTANCE MEASURED FROM HEEL TO HEEL BETWEEN THE FEET OF A MAN WALKING. A
STEPS MAY BE ANY PRESCRIBED NUMBER OF INCHES.

8. DOUBLE TIME –CADENCE AT A RATE OF 180 STEPS PER MINUTE.

9. ECHELON – ONE OF A SERIES OF ELEMENTS FORMED ONE BEHIND ANOTHER.

10. EYES RIGHT- THE DIRECTION OF THE FACE DURING THE EYES RIGHT SHOULD BE 45 DEGREES TO THE
RIGHT SIDE.

11. GUIDE- THE MAN WITH WHOM THE COMMAND OR ELEMENT THEREOF REGULATES ITS MARCH.

12. INTERVAL- THE LATERAL SPACE BETWEEN ELEMENTS ON THE SAME LINE.

13. TO REVOKE A COMMAND – TO CANCEL A COMMAND THAT HAS NOT BEEN CARRIED OUT OR TO
START A MOVEMENT IMPROPERLY BEGUN FROM HALT, THE COMMAND MANUMBALIK OR AS YOU
WERE IS GIVEN. ON THIS COMMAND, THE MOVEMENT OF TROOPS AND MEN RESUME ITS FORMER
POSITION.

II PARTS AND TYPES OF COMMAND

I. COMMANDS

1. PREPARATORY COMMAND – STATES THE MOVEMENT TO BE CARRIED OUT AND MENTALLY

PREPARES THE SOLDIER FOR ITS EXECUTION. IN THE COMMAND “PASULONG KAD” THE PREPARATORY
COMMAND IS PASULONG.

II PARTS AND TYPES OF COMMAND

2. COMMAND OF EXECUTION – TELLS WHEN THE MOVEMENT IS TO BE CARRIED OUT. IN “PASULONG
KAD” THE COMMAND OF EXECUTION IS KAD.

III. TYPES OF COMMANDS

1. TA (ABBREVIATED SANDATA) MANUAL OF ARMS.

2. KAD (ABBREVIATED LAKAD) FROM REST TO MOTION, OTHER COMMANDS GIVEN WHILE IN MOTION,
THE GENERAL RULE WILL APPLY.

3. TO (ABBREVIATED HINTO) FROM MOTION TO REST.

4. RAP (ABBREVIATED HARAP) LITERAL TRANSLATION OF READY FRONT, FACING

5. DA (ABBREVIATED HANDA) FOR ATTENTION.

6. NGA (ABBREVIATED PAHINGA) “TIKAS PAHINGA” PARADE REST

7. COMBINED COMMANDS – THE PREPARATORY COMMAND AND THE COMMAND OF A EXECUTION ARE
COMBINED. THESE COMMANDS ARE GIVEN WITHOUT INFLECTION AND AT UNIFORMLY PITCH AND
LOUDNESS COMPARABLE TO THAT FOR NORMAL COMMAND OF EXECUTION.

8. SUPPLEMENTARY COMMANDS – ARE ORAL ORDERS GIVEN BY THE SUBORDINATE LEADER TO

REINFORCE THE COMPLEMENT OF COMMANDER ORDER. IT IS NORMALLY GIVEN BETWEEN
PREPARATORY COMMAND AND THE COMMAND OF EXECUTION.

9. MASS COMMAND – MASS COMMAND MAY BE USED TO DEVELOP CONFIDENCE AND PROMOTE
ENTHUSIASM. THEY ARE DEFINITELY EFFECTIVE IN DEVELOPING A COMMAND VOICE WHEN
INSTRUCTING A LEADERSHIP COURSE.

10. DIRECTIVES – ARE ORAL ORDER GIVEN BY THE COMMANDER THAT DIRECT OR CAUSE A
SUBORDINATE LEADER TO TAKE ACTION. IT IS GIVEN IN A SENTENCE FORM AND ARE NORMALLY
PREFIXED BY THE TERMS. A SUBORDINATE LEADER UPON RECEIVING A DIRECTIVE WILL RESORT TO THE
NORMAL TWO-PART COMMAND.

III POSITION AND STATIONARY MOVEMENTS

1. POSITION OF ATTENTION

A. ATTENTION (HUMANDA)

B. FALL IN (HUMANAY)

C. AT CLOSE INTERVAL (MASINSING PAGITAN)

D. AS YOU WHERE

E. ASSEMBLY (MAGTIPON)

2. REST AT HALT (ONE COUNT EXECUTION EXCEPT FALL-OUT)

A. PARADE REST (TIKAS PAHINGA)

 B. AT EASE (PALUWAG)

C. STAND AT EASE (TINDIG PALUWAG)

D. REST (PAHINGA)

E. FALL OUT (TIWALAG)

3. FACING (TWO COUNT EXECUTION)

A. RIGHT FACE (HARAP SA KANAN, RAP)

B. LEFT FACE (HARAP SA KALIWA, RAP)

C. ABOUT FACE (HARAP SA LIKOD, RAP)

D. LEFT HALT FACE (HARAP HATING KALIWA, RAP)

E. RIGHT HALT FACE (HARAP HATING KANAN, RAP)

F. CENTER FACE (HARAP SA GITNA RAP)

4. SALUTES (PAGPUGAY) TWO COUNTS EXECUTION.

A. HAND SALUTE (PUGAY KAMAY NA, NA)

B. EYES RIGHT (TINGIN SA KANAN, NA)

IV STEPS AND MARCHING

1. CHANGE STEPS (PALIT HAKBANG, NA)- THE COMMAND PALIT HAKBANG, NA IS GIVEN AS THE RIGHT
FOOT STRIKES THE MARCHING SURFACES. ON THE COMMAND OF EXECUTION NA TAKE ONE MORE
STEPS WITH LEFT FOOT, THEN IN ONE COUNT PLACE THE RIGHT TOE NEAR THE HEEL OF THE LEFT FOOT
AND STEP OFF AGAIN WITH THE LEFT FOOT. BRING YOUR ARMS IN THE SIDE.

2. MARCHING IN PLACE (PATAKDA, NA) THE COMMAND PATAKDA, NA IS GIVEN AS EITHER FOOT
STRIKES THE MARCHING SURFACE.ON THE COMMAND OF EXECUTION NA, TAKE ONE MORE STEP,
BRING THE TRAILLING FOOT ALONG SIDE THE LEADING FOOT, AND BEGIN TO MARCH IN PLACE.

3. COLUMN RIGHT/LEFT (LIKO SA KANAN/KALIWA, NA)- THE COMMAND LIKO SA KANAN, NA IS GIVEN
AS THE RIGHT FOOT STRIKE THE GROUND. ON THE PREPARATORY COMMAND LIKO SHIFT THE WEIGHT
OF THE BODY TO THE LEFT LEG WITHOUT NOTICEABLE MOVEMENT. ON THE COMMAND NA FACE 90
DEGREES TO THE RIGHT BY PIVOTING ON THE BALL OF THE LEFT FOOT. AT THE SAME TIME
TAKING HALF STEPS IN THE NEW DIRECTION WITH YOUR FOOT, AND DO NOT ALLOW YOUR ARMS TO
SWING. (EXAMPLE: AN ELEMENT OF TWO 4 COUNTS EXECUTION, AN ELEMENT OF THREE 6 COUNTS
EXECUTION, AND AN ELEMENT OF FOUR 8 COUNTS EXECUTION).

4. RIGHT/LEFTFLANK(KANANG/KALIWANG PANIG,NA)- THE COMMAND KANANG PANIG, NA IS GIVEN AS

THE RIGHT FOOT STRIKE THE GROUND, ADVANCE AND PLANT YOUR LEFT FOOT THEN FACE TO THE
RIGHT IN MARCHING AND STEP OFF IN THE NEW DIRECTION ON YOUR RIGHT FOOT.

5. EYES RIGHT/LEFT WHILE MARCHING TWO COUNTS EXECUTION)-THE COMMAND TINGIN SA KANAN,
NA IS GIVEN AS THE RIGHT FOOT STRIKE THE DECK. ON THE COMMAND OF EXECUTION NA COUNT ONE
STEP TO THE FRONT WITH YOUR LEFT FOOT, THE SMARTLY TURN YOUR HEAD AND EYES 45 DEGREES TO
THE RIGHT (EXCEPT THE ELEMENT LEADERS AND THE GUIDE). THE SHOULDER REMAIN SQUARE TO
THE FRONT. THE COMMAND TO TERMINATE THIS MOVEMENT IS HANDA RAP.

6. STAFF BEHIND ME (KALIPUNAN SUMALIKOD KO, NA)- TO MAKE A STAFF MOVE TO THE REAR OF THE
COMMANDER, THE COMMAND IS KALIPUNAN SUMALIKOD KO, NA. THE MOVEMENT IS EXECUTED IN 8
COUNTS FOR 2 MEN STAFF, 10 COUNTS FOR 3 MEN STAFF, 12 COUNTS FOR 4 MEN STAFF. AT THE
COMMAND NA ALL MEMBERS OF THE STAFF EXECUTE RIGHT FACE, THEN THE FIRST MAN FACES LEFT
AND MARCHES IN FOUR STEPS, COLUMN LEFT AND HALTS ON THE PRESCRIBED LAST COUNT.

"MILITARY COURTESY & DISCIPLINE"

ORIGIN OF WESTERN COURTESY

MIDDLE AGES (MEDIEVAL EUROPE)

-THE FIEFDOMS

VARIOUS KINGS, NOBLEMEN, KNIGHTS, LOCAL AND BARBARIAN CHIEFTAINS POSSESSED THEIR OWN
TERRITORIES (FIEFDOMS) WITH CORRESPONDING DEGREES OF MILITARY POWER, SOCIAL STATUS AND
WEALTH.THESE INDIVIDUALS HAVE NO ESTABLISHED PRACTICES ON CONSIDERATION FOR EACH OTHER.
A REFINED (NON- AGGRESSIVE) CODES OF BEHAVIOR IS NEEDED IN THEIR RELATIVELY PRIVILEGE AND
PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT SO THAT CAUTIOUS TRUST COULD BE ESTABLISHED.

-WEAKENING OF THE WARRIOR NOBILITY CLASS

CERTAIN MILITARY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS WEAKENED THE RANKS OF THE WARRIOR
NOBILITY (LOCAL LORDS AND KNIGHTS) AND FACILITATED THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A MORE POWERFUL
CENTRAL COURT OF THE OVERLORD.IN EUROPEAN MEDIEVAL HISTORY, A COURT, IS A GROUP OF
PERSONS WHO ATTENDED A RULER AT ANY GIVEN TIME FOR SOCIAL AND POLITICAL AND
FUNCTIONS.

- DIPLOMATIC

MANY WARRIOR NOBILITIES JOINED THE COURT OF AN OVERLORD.

HOMAGES TO THE OVERLORD

THE WARRIOR NOBILITY WHO DID NOT JOIN THE COURT OF THE OVERLORD BECAME
VASSALS AND HAD TO PAY HOMAGES IN THE FORMS OF GOODS, SERVICES AND OATH OF LOYALTY. TO
MAINTAIN LOYALTY TOWARDS THE MONARCHY, A MEDIEVAL COURTLY LITERATURE AND MORAL
POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY WAS ADOPTED. IT PRACTICES NEW BEHAVIORAL ETHICS BASED ON THE
RESTRAINT OF VIOLENCE AND BRUTAL SELF- INTEREST. THIS IS A CODE OF CIVILITY WITHIN AND
AMONG SOCIAL CLASSES AND AMONGCOURTS OF DIFFERENT FIEFDOMS. IT CONTROLS EMOTIONS IN
INTERPERSONAL AND OFFICIAL RELATIONSHIPS.

-COURTESY (DICTIONARY)

1. EXCELLENCE OF MANNERS OR SOCIAL CONDUCT; POLITE BEHAVIOR.

2. A COURTEOUS, RESPECTFUL, OR CONSIDERATE ACT OR EXPRESSION.

-MILITARY COURTESY IS THE EXTENSION OR MANIFESTATION FOR OTHERS.IT RECOGNIZES THE

RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY OF A SENIOR’S POSITION THAT EXTENDS TO A JUNIOR AS THE
ESSENTIAL PART THAT THE LATTER PLAYS AS A MEMBER OF THE MILITARY TEAM.

-MOST IMPORTANT FORM OF MILITARY COURTESY " S A L U T E"

THE HAND SALUTE IS EXECUTED BY RAISING THE RIGHT HAND SMARTLY UNTIL THE TIP OF THE
FOREFINGER TOUCHES THE FRONT BRIMOF THE HEADGEAR WHEN COVERED.

-RULES OF RENDERING A SALUTE.

IT IS REQUIRED INSIDE MILITARY INSTALLATIONS DURING OFFICE HOURS. REQUIRED OUTSIDE MILITARY
INSTALLATIONS DURING OFFICE HOURS.REQUIRED INSIDE MILITARY INSTALLATIONS OUTSIDE OFFICE
HOURS. REQUIRED OUTSIDE MILITARY INSTALLATIONS DURING OFF- OFFICE HOURS.

-PERSONS ENTITLED TO SALUTE

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS OF THE AFP BOTH MALE AND FEMALE.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS OF FRIENDLY NATIONS WHEN THEY ARE RECOGNIZED AS SUCH.

-SALUTING DISTANCE

SIX (6) PACES FROM THE PERSON SALUTED 6 PACES

TEN (10) PACES FOR RECOGNITION DISTANCE

-THE SALUTE MUST BE RETURNED BY THOSE ENTITLED TO IT. IT IS NOT RENDERED WHEN RUNNING BUT
AT A HALT OR WALK NEVER SALUTE WITH CIGARETTE OR PIPE IN MOUTH.SALUTE IS EXCHANGED
WHETHER INDIVIDUALS ARE COVERED OR UNCOVERED.THE SALUTE IS RENDERED BUT ONCE IF THE
SENIOR REMAINS IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY AND NO CONVERSATION TAKES PLACE IF A
CONVERSATION TAKES PLACE, THE JUNIOR AGAIN SALUTES THE SENIOR WHEN THEY PART FROM EACH
OTHER.

-WHEN NOT TO SALUTE

1. WHILE AT WORK, IN CASE THE OFFICER CALLS FOR A SOLDIER WHO IS NOT WORKING, THE SOLDIER
STOPS WORKING, APPROACHES AND SALUTE HIM/HER AND AGAIN WHEN THEY PART FROM EACH
OTHER.

2. WHEN CARRYING ARTICLES WITH HANDS OR BEING SO OCCUPIED AS TO MAKE SALUTING

IMPRACTICAL.

3. STANDING AT A HORSE OR LEADING A HORSE.

4. IN CASE OF DOUBT DUE TO ABSENCE OF SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS, THE SALUTE IS RENDERED.

-REPORTING TO AN OFFICER

THE SALUTE IS RENDERED BY A JUNIOR WHEN REPORTING TO A SENIOR, HE ALSO SALUTES BEFORE
LEAVING.REPORTING INDOORS WITHOUT ARMS. A SOLDIER WILL REMOVE HIS HEADGEAR, KNOCKS AT
THE DOOR OF THE OFFICE OF THE OFFICER, & ENTERS WHEN TOLD TO DO SO. COME IN . . .UPON
ENTERING, HE HALTS ABOUT TWO PACES FROM THE OFFICER & SALUTE & SAY, “SIR SGT SO AND SO
REPORTING FOR INSTRUCTIONS. THE SALUTE IS MAINTAINED UNTIL HE COMPLETES HIS REPORT, AND
THE OFFICER HAS RETURNED SALUTE. “SIR SGT MENDOZA REPORTING FOR NSTRUCTIONS”. REPORTING
INDOORS WITH ARMS A SOLDIER WILL NOT REMOVE HIS HEADGEAR, KNOCKS AT THE DOOR OF THE
OFFICE OF THE OFFICER, & ENTER WHEN TOLD TO DO SO. COME IN . . .INSIDE, HE HALTS ABOUT TWO
PACES FROM THE OFFICER & SALUTE & SAY, “SIR SGT FABUL REPORTING FOR INSTRUCTIONS. THE
SALUTE IS MAINTAINED UNTIL HE COMPLETES HIS REPORT, & THE OFFICER HAS RETURNED SALUTE. “SIR
SGT FABUL REPORTING FOR INSTRUCTIONS”. SALUTING WITH RIFLE SLUNG ON RIGHT
SHOULDERREPORTING OUTDOORS (WITH ARMS) THE HEADGEAR IS NOT REMOVED. “SIR SGT FABUL
REPORTING FOR INSTRUCTIONS”. REPORTING OUTDOORS (WITH ARMS THE HEADGEAR IS NOT
REMOVED. “SIR SGT FABUL REPORTING FOR INSTRUCTIONS”. REPORTING OUTDOORS (WITHOUT ARMS)
THE HEADGEAR IS NOT REMOVED. “SIR SGT FABUL REPORTING FOR INSTRUCTIONS”.

5. IN REPORTING FOR PAY, A SOLDIER REPORTING FOR PAY ANSWERS “HERE” WHEN HIS TIME IS
CALLED, APPROACHES, SALUTE THE OFFICER PAYING. HE PICKS UP AND COUNTS HIS MONEY AND
LEAVES WITHOUT SALUTING. WHEN AN OFFICER ENTERS A ROOM OR TENT, OFFICERS JUNIOR TO HIM
AND ENLISTED MEN PRESENT WILL UNCOVER (IF UNARMED) AND STAND AT ATTENTION UNTIL THE
OFFICER DIRECTS OTHERWISE OR LEAVES THE ROOM.WHEN MORE THAN ONE INDIVIDUAL ARE
PRESENT, THE FIRST ONE WHO RECOGNIZE THE OFFICER WILL COMMAND “ATTENTION” OR “TZUN”
LOUD ENOUGH TO BE HEARD BY EVERYBODY PRESENT.“TZUN”WHEN AN OFFICER ENTERS A ROOM OR
TENT USED AS OFFICE, WORKSHOP, OR RECREATION ROOM, THOSE AT WORK OR AT PLAY ARE NOT
REQUIRED TO COME TO ATTENTION UNLESS ADDRESSED BY THE OFFICERS.BUT COME TO ATTENTION
WHEN ADDRESSED BY THE OFFICERWHEN ACCOMPANYING A SENIOR, A JUNIOR WALKS OR RIDES ON
HIS LEFT. JUNIOR EXCEPT WHEN ACCOMPANYING A SENIOR DURING INSPECTION.

6. WHEN ENTERING THE CAR OR SMALL BOAT, THE JUNIOR GOES IN FIRST AND OTHERS FOLLOW IN THE
INVERSE ORDER OR RANK. IN GETTING OFF, THE SENIOR GOES OUT FIRST.

-HONOR TO THE NATIONAL ANTHEM OR TO THE COLORS

A. OUTDOORS - WHENEVER AND WHEREVER THE NATIONAL ANTHEM OR TO THE COLORS IS PLAYED,
MILITARY PERSONNEL NOT IN FORMATION MUST OBSERVE THE

FOLLOWING:

1. AT THE NOTE OF THE MUSIC ALL PERSONNEL PRESENT WILL FACE THE MUSIC, STAND AT ATTENTION
AND RENDER THE PRESCRIBED SALUTE, THE SALUTE ARE RETAINED UNTIL THE LAST NOTE OF THE
MUSIC.

2. AN INDIVIDUAL LEADING OR STANDING ON HORSE WILL STAND AT ATTENTION BUT DOES NOT
SALUTE.
3. VEHICLES IN MOTION WILL BE BROUGHT TO A HALT. PERSONS RIDING IN A PASSENGER CAR OR A
MOTORCYCLE WILL DISMOUNT AND SALUTE. PERSONS RIDING IN A A MOTORCYCLE WILL DISMOUNT
AND SALUTE. THE ABOVE RESPECT TO THE NATIONAL COLOR IS RENDERED TO THE NATIONALANTHEM
OR COLOR OF FRIENDLY NATIONS.INDOORS WHEN THE NATIONAL ANTHEM IS PLAYED OFFICERS AND
MEN WILL STAND AT ATTENTION AND FACE THE FLAG IF ANY BUT DO NOT SALUTE.DISPLAY OF THE
NATIONAL FLAG

-DISPLAY OF THE NATIONAL FLAG

1. THE PHILIPPINE FLAG REPRESENTS OUR NATION AND SHOULD BE GIVEN A PLACE OF HONOR.IT IS NOT
PERMITTED TO TOUCH THE GROUND. IT IS NOT USED AS A COSTUME, DRESS, OR A DRAPERY. NO
LETTERING OF OBJECT SHOULD BE PLACED ON IT. P E A C EHOW TO DISPLAY THE FLAG

A. WHEN HOISTED AT THE FLAGPOLE, IT SHOULD BE HOISTED FULLY TO THE TOP OF THE POLE; BLUE
PART ABOVE.DURING MOURNING, THE FLAG IS RAISED AT THE HALF MAST.

B. WHEN DISPLAYED WITH ANOTHER FLAG, STANDING SIDE BY SIDE, THE NATIONAL FLAG IS AT THE
RIGHT SIDE, THE BLUE PART UP.

C. WHEN DISPLAYED WITH ANOTHER FLAG, WITH THEIR STAFFS CROSSED, THE NATIONAL FLAG IS AT
THE RIGHT SIDE, THE BLUE PART UP.

D. WHEN PLACED IN VERTICAL MANNER, THE TRIANGLE IS UP, THE BLUE COLOR AT THE RIGHT.

E. WHEN DISPLAYED IN HORIZONTAL POSITION, THE TRIANGLE IS AT THE RIGHT SIDE, WITH BLUE PART
ABOVE.

F. WHEN DISPLAYED OVER THE CASKET, THE TRIANGLE IS IN THE DIRECTION OF THE HEAD OF THE
CADAVER, WITH BLUE PART ON THE RIGHT.FUNERALS

VEHICLE: FEET FIRST FUNERAL

TOMB: HEAD FIRST

MILITARY DISCIPLINE -IS THAT MENTAL ATTITUDE AND STATE OF TRAINING WHICH RENDERS
OBEDIENCE AND PROPER CONDUCT INSTINCTIVE IN ALL CONDITIONS.

MENTAL ATTITUDE – FEELINGS, THOUGHTS, OUTLOOK.

STATE OF TRAINING – CONDITION, STATUS LEVEL OF SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

RENDERS OBEDIENCE INSTINCTIVE IN ALL CONDITIONS. TO FOLLOW AND OBEY ORDERS ANYTIME AND
ANYWHERE WITHOUT QUESTIONS ASKED. RESPECT FOR AND LOYALTY TO PROPERLY CONSTITUTED
AUTHORITY

RENDERS OBEDIENCE INSTINCTIVE IN ALL CONDITIONS.

RENDERS PROPER CONDUCT INSTINCTIVE IN ALL CONDITIONS. WHILE OBEYING THE ORDER IT IS DONE
IN CORRECT AND APPROPRIATE BEHAVIOR.

RENDERS PROPER CONDUCT INSTINCTIVE IN ALL CONDITIONS. SMARTNESS OF APPEARANCE AND

ACTIONS
MILITARY DISCIPLINE IS A STATE OF ORDER AND OBEDIENCE EXISTING WITHIN A COMMAND.

STATE OF ORDER - CONDITION OR LEVEL OF THE BEHAVIORS AND ATTITUDES OF PERSONNEL.IT

INVOLVES THE READY SUBORDINATION OF THE WILL OF THE INDIVIDUAL FOR THE GOOD OF THE
GROUP.

IT IS AN EXTENSION AND SPECIALIZED APPLICATION OF THE DISCIPLINE WHICH DEMANDS HABITUAL

BUT REASONED OBEDIENCE THAT PRESERVES INITIATIVE AND FUNCTIONS UNFALTERINGLY EVEN IN THE
ABSENCE OF THE COMMANDER.

HOW TO CREATE DISCIPLINE ?

BY INSTILLING A SENSE OF CONFIDENCE IN EACH INDIVIDUAL. BY INSTILLING A SENSE OF

RESPONSIBILITY IN EACH INDIVIDUAL. BY DEMANDING CORRECT PERFORMANCE OF DUTY. IS BEST
DONE BY INCULCATING IN AN INDIVIDUAL BY APPEALING TO HIS SENSE OF REASON. WHEN APPEAL TO
REASON FAILS, THE USE OF PUNISHMENT IS EFFECTIVE IN CAUSING THE RECALCITRANT INDIVIDUAL TO
CONFORM AND PERHAPS APPRECIATE THE NEED FOR DISCIPLINE.

BY COORDINATION EITHER INDIVIDUALLY OR

COLLECTIVELY STRENGTHEN THE DISCIPLINARY

BONDS WHICH BIND TOGETHER THE SMOOTH

FUNCTIONING TEAM.

INDIVIDUALLY

COLLECTIVELY

BY PRAISE, COMMENDATIONS AND REWARDS EITHER INDIVIDUALLY OR COLLECTIVELY WILL

STRENGTHEN THE DISCIPLINARY BONDS WHICH BIND TOGETHER THE SMOOTH FUNCTIONING TEAM.
INDIVIDUALLY COLLECTIVELY

-CLASSES OF TRUMPET CALLS

A. WARNING CALLS

B. FORMATION CALLS

C. SERVICE CALL

A. WARNING CALLS

1. FIRST CALL

2. GUARD MOUNTING

3. DRILL CALL

4. FATIGUE CALL
B. FORMATION CALLS

1. FIRE CALL

2. CALL TO ARMS

C. SERVICE CALL

1. REVEILLE

2. RETREAT

3. TAPS

4. SICK CALL

C. SERVICE CALL

-THE RELATIONSHIPS OF MILITARY COURTESY AND MILITARY DISCIPLINE

DISCIPLINE IS FOUNDED UPON RESPECT AND LOYALTY TO SUPERIORS AND TO LAWFULLY CONSTITUTED
AUTHORITIES. DISCIPLINE ORIGINATES AND DEVELOPS FROM MUTUAL RESPECT AND GOOD WILL
AMONG MEMBERS OF AN ORGANIZATION. WITHOUT COURTESY & RESPECT DISCIPLINE DISAPPEARS.
THERE WILL BE NO PEACE AND ORDER IN THE ORGANIZATION, HENCE, IT WILL DISINTEGRATE.

MILITARY CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS

MILITARY CUSTOMS & TRADITIONS MILITARY TRADITIONS

✔ ARE INHERITED PRINCIPLES

✔ STANDARDS AND

✔ PRACTICES

THAT SERVE AS THE ESTABLISHED GUIDES FOR

AN INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP.

MILITARY CUSTOMS

✔ ARE ACCEPTED PRACTICES REALIZED THROUGH CONTINUED USAGE THAT TAKE THE FORCE AND
EFFECT OF A COMMON LAW.

-DIFFERENCES

CUSTOMS-“COURTESIES AND CEREMONIES THAT WE DO IN THE MILITARY SERVICE.

” TRADITIONS “-TRADEMARKS OF SOLDIERY.”

-TRADITION OF VALOR

THE FILIPINO SOLDIER HAS EPITOMIZED VALOR DURING HIS GALLANT DEFENSES AT BATAAN AND
CORREGIDOR AGAINST THE JAPANESE FORCES. THE LATE GENERAL DOUGLAS MACARTHUR PAID
TRIBUTE TO FILIPINO SOLDIERY WHEN HE PROCLAIMED:

“GIVE ME 10,000 FILIPINO SOLDIERS AND I’LL CONQUER THE WORLD.”

TRADITION OF VALOR-GALLANTRY, BRAVERY IN BATTLE

TRADITION OF DUTY-THE FILIPINO SOLDIER HAS EXEMPLIFIED HIMSELF THROUGHOUT THE HISTORY AS
A DEDICATED PUBLIC SERVANT THAT PERFORMS HIS TASK WITH DEEP SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY AND
SELF-SACRIFICE.

TRADITION OF DUTY-DEDICATION AND DEEP SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY

TRADITION OF HONOR-THE FOUNDING FATHERS OF THE AFP AS WELL AS THE NATION HAVE
COURAGEOUSLY DEMONSTRATED EVEN IN MOST DIFFICULT TIMES THE VALUE OFHONOR BY LEADING A
LIFE IN PEACE OR WAR WITH PERSONAL DIGNITY AND SELF WORTH.

TRADITION OF HONOR-RESPECT, DIGNITY AND SELF-WORTH

TRADITION OF SOLIDARITY-UNITY IS THE STRONGEST, MOST ENDURING AND POWERFUL MILITARY

TRADITION BECAUSE EVERY MEMBER OF THE AFP WORKS AS ONE TEAM TO ACCOMPLISH THEIR
MISSION OR ATTAIN THEIR OBJECTIVE.

TRADITION OF SOLIDARITY-UNITY AND HAVING COMMON INTEREST

TRADITION OF LOYALTY-THE NATION, RESPECT FOR THE NATION THROUGH SHEDDING MUCH BLOOD
AND OFFERING THE SUPREME SACRIFICE IN DEFENSE OF THE COUNTRY – LOYALTY TO THE
CONSTITUTION, THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF, TO SENIORS, PEERS AND EVEN TO JUNIORS.

TRADITION OF LOYALTY-DEVOTED, FAITHFUL IN THE SERVICE

✔ TRANSMITTED FROM ONE

GENERATION TO ANOTHER

✔ TRADEMARK OF SOLDIERY

SALUTE

MILITARY SALUTE IS USED AS AN EXCHANGE OF GREETING SINCE THE EARLIEST TIME. THIS METHOD OF
RENDERING SALUTE HAS VARIED THROUGH THE AGES AND CONTINUALLY USED IN ALL MODERN
ARMED FORCES.

-FLAG RAISING CEREMONY

THE PHILIPPINE FLAG SYMBOLIZES OUR COUNTRY AND PEOPLE. IT SIGNIFIES THAT BEFORE THE START
OF OFFICIAL DAYS WORK, WE PLEDGE THAT ALL OUR EFFORTS FOR THE DAY IS DEDICATED TO OUR
COUNTRY AND PEOPLE.
-FLAG RETREAT CEREMONY

THIS HAVE BEEN USED SINCE THE EARLY DAYS OF THE AMERICAN OCCUPATION WHICH SIGNIFIES THE
END OF AN OFFICIAL DAYS WORK.

-THREE VOLLEYS OVER GRAVES

A SIGN OF RESPECT AND GESTURE OF FAREWELL TENDERED TO A DEPARTED COMRADE IN ARMS. IN

THE OLDER DAYS, THEY DID IT BY THROWING OR CASTING 3 TIME UPON THE GRAVE, CALLING THE
NAME THE DEAD AND SAYING FAREWELL 3 TIMES.

-WHITE FLAG OF TRUCE

A WORLDWIDE CUSTOM USED TO SIGNAL THE TEMPORARY CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES BETWEEN

WARRING PARTIES,

-WEARING OF DECORATIONSMILITARY PERSONNEL WHO HONORABLY EARNED DECORATIONS IN THE

PERFORMANCE OF DUTY DISPLAYS THEM AS PART OF THE UNIFORM DURING APPROPRIATE
OCCASIONS.

-RAISING OF THE RIGHT HAND IN TAKING OATH

TAKING OATH FOR TRUTH OF STATEMENT OR TESTIMONY HAS BEEN A SOLEMN AND SERIOUS MATTER
ACCOMPANIED BY CEREMONY. IN ESSENCE, THE TAKER OF THE OATH CALLS UPON HIS GOD BEAR
WITNESS THAT THE TRUTH WOULD BE TOLD.

-COURTESY OF THE POST

AN OFFICER OF ANY ARMED SERVICES VISITING AT A MILITARY POST OR ONE WHO IS IN ITS VICINITY IS
OFTEN EXTENDED THE “COURTESY OF THE POST” BY THE COMMANDING OFFICER AFTER THE
PRESCRIBED OFFICIAL CALL HAS BEEN MADE. THIS MAY INCLUDE THE PRIVILEGE OF AN
ACCOMMODATION AT THE OFFICER’S CLUB AND OFFICER’S MESS WHEN THE VISIT IS OF SHORT
DURATION AND THE PRIVILEGE OF MEMBERSHIP, IF THEY STAY IN THE VICINITY IS EXTENDED.

-PRESENTATION OF RECRUITS TO COLORS

A CEREMONY AT WHICH RECRUITS ARE BEING PRESENTED TO THE COLORS FOR THE PURPOSE OF
SIGNIFYING ACCEPTANCE AND WELCOME INTO THE ORGANIZATION.

-FAREWELL TENDERED TO A DEPARTING OFFICER

PRIOR TO THE DEPARTURE OF AN OFFICER FROM HIS STATION ON A CHANGE OF ASSIGNMENT, A

RECEPTION OR OTHER SUITABLE UNIT FUNCTION IS TENDERED IN HONOR OF A DEPARTING OFFICER.

-CEREMONY TENDERED TO A RETIREE

RENDERED TO A RETIREE IN RECOGNITION OF HIS LONG, FAITHFUL AND HONORABLE SERVICE TO THE
AFP.

-TRUMPET OR BUGLE CALLS

REVEILLE
TATTOO

TAPS

TRUMPET OR BUGLE CALLS

AS THE DAY-TO-DAY ACTIVITIES OCCUR, SOUNDS OF THESE CALLS REJUVENATE EVERY SYSTEM OF OUR
BODY TO CONTINUE PERFORMING THE THINGS AS SIGNALED BY EACH CALL.

COURTESY CALLS

• REJOINING MAJOR SERVICE

• RETURN FROM FOREIGN

SCHOOLING

• ASSUMPTION OF COMMAND

POSITION

• PROMOTION

• NEW YEAR’S CALL

-HAPPY HOUR

MILITARY PERSONNEL GATHER TOGETHER FOR A BEER AND CONVERSATION FOR A LIGHT HEARTED
JESTING ABOUT THE EVENTS OF THE WEEK OR AIRING A MINOR GRIPE AND BLOWING OFF A LITTLE
STEAM.

-MILITARY WEDDINGS

THESE CUSTOMS ARE GENERALLY THE SAME FOR ALL FAITHS. THEY VARY ONLY AS CHAPLAINS OF THE
DIFFERENT CHURCHES INCORPORATE OTHER PROCEDURE.

-PATRONAGE OF THE OFFICER’S CLUB AND EP’S CLUBHOUSES

THIS CUSTOM ENABLES OFFICERS AND EP TO SPEND THE OFF-DUTY SOCIAL AND RECREATIONAL LIFE.

-CEREMONIES AT HOLIDAY DINNERS

THE PRACTICE ON CHRISTMAS AND NEW YEAR’S DAY WHICH THE COMMANDING OFFICERS VISIT
TROOPS DURING MEAL TIME OR PRIOR TO THE SERVING OF THE MEAL. THE METHOD VARIES RATHER
WIDELY.

-CHRISTMAS HOLIDAY ENTERTAINMENT

ANOTHER PRACTICE ON CHRISTMAS IS CHILDREN OF THE ORGANIZATION ARE GIVEN GIFTS AND
ENTERTAINMENT.

-R H I P

(RANK HAS ITS PRIVILEGES)

WHENEVER A CHOICE IS TO BE MADE, SUCH AS SELECTION OF BILLETS OR QUARTERS OR ELECTING
MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION, THE OPTION OF SELECTION FOLLOWS THE RANK, WITH THE SENIOR
GIVEN THE PRIVILEGE TO SELECT FIRST.

-VISITING THE SICK

A MILITARY PERSONNEL WHO IS SICK IN THE HOSPITAL IS VISITED BY AVAILABLE OFFICERS AND EP OF
THE UNIT IN ORDER THAT HIS/HER NEEDS ARE ATTENDED TO.

-SURVIVOR ASSISTANCE TO THE BEREAVED FAMILY

WHEN ANY MEMBER OF A UNIT DIES, AN OFFICER IS IMMEDIATELY APPOINTED BY THE COMMANDING
OFFICER TO RENDER EVERY POSSIBLE ASSISTANCE TO THE BEREAVED FAMILY

-“I WISH” AND “I DESIRE” STATEMENT

WHEN THE COMMANDING OFFICER STATES, “WISH OR I DESIRE” RATHER THAN “I ORDER THAT YOU DO
SUCH”, THIS WISH OR DESIRE HAS ALL THE FORCE OF A DIRECT ORDER.

-PLACE OF HONOR

THE PLACE OF HONOR IS ON THE RIGHT. WHEN A JUNIOR OFFICER WALKS, RIDES OR SITS WITH A
SENIOR, HE TAKES POSITION ABREAST AND TO THE LEFT OF THE SENIOR.USE OF THE WORD
“SIR/MAAM” “SIR, LT BRAZA REPORTING FOR

INSTRUCTIONS.” USE OF THE WORD “SIR/MAAM” THIS IS USED TO ADDRESS A SENIOR AND BY ALL
SOLDIERS ADDRESSING OFFICERS. IT PROVIDES A REPORT, A QUERY AND FOLLOWS THE ANSWER OF
QUESTION.

AFP CODE OF ETHICS

CODE SET OF WRITTEN AND UNWRITTEN PRINCIPLES THAT GOVERN A WAY OF LIFE .

ETHICS RULES OF CONDUCT THAT DEFINES WHAT IS RIGHT AND WHAT IS WRONG. A SUBSTANTIVE, BUT
SUCCINCT DIGEST OF ALL LEGAL, MORAL AND ETHICAL STANDARDS, PRINCIPLES, RULES AND
REGULATIONS GAINING THEACCOMPLISHMENT OF THE MILITARY MISSION.

-PURPOSE

• SHAPES OUR IDEALS AND ASPIRATIONS;

• GUIDES AND CONSTANTLY REMINDS EACH OF US OF THE OUR ROLE IN THE AFP;

• INCULCATES AMONG THE AFP MEMBERS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MILITARY CODE OF ETHICS
• ESTABLISHES THE ETHICAL STANDARDS AND NORMS OF CONDUCT

-PREAMBLE

IDENTITY WE THE MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES, IMPLORING

ENLIGHTENMENT FROM ALMIGHTY GOD,

ASPIRATION IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN A PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION,

VISION WORTHY OF PUBLIC TRUST AND RESPECT,

MISSIONFAITHFUL TO ITS CONSTITUTIONAL MANDATE AS THE PROTECTOR OF THE PEOPLE, THE

SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATE, THE DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS AND THE INTEGRITY OF THE NATIONAL
TERRITORY,

COMMITMENTFREELY AND COLLECTIVELY COMMIT OURSELVES AS OUR WAY OF LIFE, TO ABIDE BY AND
ADHERE TO THE PROVISIONS OF THIS CODE OF ETHICS WHICH WE HEREBY DO OR ORDAIN AND
PROMULGATE.

ARTICLE I – IDENTITY SECTION 1.

TELLS WHO THE AFP IS, BY WHOSE AUTHORITY IT EXIST AND FOR WHOM, BY WHAT STRUCTURE DOES
IT PERFORM ITS MANDATED ROLE AND HOW IT CAN MEASURE UP TO THE EXPECTATIONS OF THE
FILIPINO PEOPLE.

ARTICLE I – IDENTITY SECTION 1.

RECOGNIZES THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC AS THE LEGITIMATE EXPRESSION OF THE PEOPLE’S
WILL

ARTICLE I – IDENTITY SECTION 1.

MANDATED TO SERVE AND PROTECT THE PEOPLE AND SECURE THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATE AND
THE INTEGRITY OF ITS NATIONAL TERRITORY FROM INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL THREATS

ARTICLE I – IDENTITY SECTION 1.

ADHERES TO THE PRINCIPLE OF CIVILIAN SUPREMACY OVER THE MILITARYVOWS TO UPHOLD AND
DEFEND THE CONSTITUTION

ARTICLE I – IDENTITY SECTION 2.

CREATED BY LAW AS INTEGRAL PART OF THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF THE GOV’T HEADED BY THE
PRESIDENT AS THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF- EXERCISE CONTROL , SUPERVISION AND AUTHORITY
THROUGH A CHAIN OF COMMAND HEADED BY THE CHIEF OF STAFF.

ARTICLE I – IDENTITY SECTION 2.

PHILIPPINE ARMY (PA)- CONDUCTS GROUND COMBAT OPERATIONS

PHILIPPINE AIR FORCE (PAF) – SECURES THE PHILIPPINE AIR SPACE

PHILIPPINE NAVY (PN) – SECURES THE PHILIPPINE TERRITORIAL WATERS

COMPOSED OF THREE MAJOR SERVICES:

ARTICLE IL – AFP HISTORY

TELLS OF THE ORIGIN AND THE PAST OF THE AFP AND THE LESSONS BY THE AFP FROM ITS PAST ERRORS
AND SUCCESSES.

ARTICLE LIL – AFP CREED AND STAND ON BASIC ISSUES

STATES THE AFP’S COMMON BELIEFS AND CORE VALUES. IT IS A CONCEPTUAL SYNTHESIS OF WHAT THE
AFP BELIEVES IN, STANDS ON AND FIGHT FOR. IT IS, IN ESSENCE THE AFP’S FIGHTING CAUSE AND
IDEOLOGY.

SECTION 1. AFP CORE VALUES- SOLDIERY IS A CALLING, NOT MERELY AN EMPLOYMENT.- MILITARY
SERVICE DOES NOT ONLY REQUIRES US TO HAVE A SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS, OR PHYSICAL
ATTRIBUTES; BUT REQUIRES US TO HAVE A DISTINCT LIFESTYLE.

SECTION 1. AFP CORE VALUES

1. HONOR

2. LOYALTY

3. VALOR

4. DUTY

5. SOLIDARITY

OUR ORGANIZATION REQUIRES US TO OBSERVE THE VALUES OF HONOR, LOYALTY, VALOR, DUTY AND
SOLIDARITY.

SECTION 1. AFP CORE VALUES

1. HONOR

2. LOYALTY-(DANGAL) IS CLEAR CONSCIOUSNESS OF PERSONAL DIGNITY AND WORTH, HE IS A PERSON

OF GOOD REPUTATION AND OF IRREPROACHABLE INTEGRITY.

HOW :

JUST BY BEING:

✔ TRUTHFUL,

✔ SINCERE,

✔ HONEST,

✔ UPRIGHT,

✔ CREDIBLE, AND

✔ AVOID DECEPTION
SECTION 1. AFP CORE VALUES

2. LOYALTY (KATAPATAN) THE BEST EXPRESSION OF OUR FIDELITY TO:

- GOD

- COUNTRY

- FELLOWMEN

- AND OUR ADHERENCE TO:

- DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES

- CONSTITUTIONAL MANDATE AND LEGAL AUTHORITY.

SECTION 1. AFP CORE VALUES

3. VALOR (KAGITINGAN) POWER AND STRENGTH, COURAGE, ENDURANCE TO PAIN AND HARDSHIPS.
“NO ONE WILL FEEL DIFFICULTY IN LIFE IF HE IS COMMITTED TO WHAT HE IS DOING .”

SECTION 1. AFP CORE VALUES

4. DUTY (TUNGKULIN) ACCEPTANCE OF RESPONSIBILITY, PROFESSIONALISM AND COMPETENCE.

- TAKE RESPONSIBILITY,

- DO NOT BLAME OTHERS FOR YOUR SHORTCOMINGS.

- WORK WITHOUT BEING WATCHED,

- LOVE YOUR WORK

SECTION 1. AFP CORE VALUES

5. SOLIDARITY (PAGKAKAISA) UNITY, COOPERATION, CAMARADERIE, TEAMWORK, VOLUNTARINESS,

FOLLOWERSHIP (SUBORDINATES)LEADING, COACHING/MENTORING ON THE PART OF THE LEADER.

SECTION 2. AFP STAND ON BASIC ISSUES

2.1 THE AFP ORGANIZATION – DESIGNED, STRUCTURED, STAFFED AND MANNED AS TO BE ABLE TO
CARRY OUT ITS MISSIONS AND FUNCTIONS EFFECTIVELY THROUGH THE OPTIMUM USE OF RESOURCES.

2.2 SUPREMACY OF CIVILIAN AUTHORITY – AT ALL TIMES UPHOLD THE SUPREMACY OF CIVILIAN
AUTHORITY OVER THE MILITARY.

2.3 CHAIN OF COMMAND – THE AFP SHALL FOLLOW THE CHAIN OF COMMAND

2.4 MILITARY LEADERSHIP

▪ SHALL HAVE THE ABILITY TO INFLUENCE MEMBERS OF THE ORGANIZATIONS

▪ SINCERE CONCERN TOWARDS THE MORALE AND WELFARE OF THE MEMBERS

▪ CREDIBLE AND ABLE TO PROMOTE OPPORTUNITIES FOR GENUINE RECONCILIATION AND SOLIDARITY
2.5 RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY – PRIME MOVER IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARMAMENTS AND
ELECTRONIC HARDWARE, IN AIRCRAFT AND SHIPBUILDING

2.6 PEOPLE’S SUPPORT – SHALL RESPECT LIVING CONDITIONS, BELIEFS, WAYS OF LIFE AND THE
TOTALITY OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF ALL SECTORS

2.7 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT – PEOPLE’S PARTNER IN PROMOTING PEACE, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

AND PROGRESS

2.8 PARTISAN POLITICS – RECOGNIZE THE SANCTITY OF ITS INSULATION FROM PARTISAN POLITICS

2.9 MASS MEDIA – MAINTAIN AN “OPEN-MEDIA POLICY”

2.10 SPIRITUAL LIFE – ENCOURAGE THE PRACTICE OF ONE’S RELIGIOUS FAITH

2.11 FAMILY LIFE – SUPPORT ACTIVITIES THAT WILL STRENGTHEN HUSBAND-WIFE, PARENT-CHILDREN
AND FAMILY-COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIPS

2.12 DEMOCRACY – ADHERES TO THE PRINCIPLE THAT THE GOV’T IS OF THE PEOPLE, BY THE PEOPLE
AND FOR THE PEOPLE

2.13 NATIONAL INTEREST – SERVES THE COMMON GOOD OF THE CITIZENRY

2.14 PEACE – ENSURE ITS PRESERVATION; RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT

2.15 WAR – RESORTED TO ONLY WHEN ALL PEACEFUL MEANS SHALL HAVE FAILED AND NO OTHER
OPTION IS LEFT TO RESOLVE THE CONFLICT

2.16 USE OF ARMED FORCES- EXERCISE THE UTMOST RESTRAINT AND PRECAUTION IN THE USE OF
ARMED FORCES TO IMPLEMENT POLICIES

2.17 SOCIAL JUSTICE – SUBSCRIBE TO THE PROMOTION OF SOCIAL JUSTICE

2.18 HUMAN RIGHTS – RESPECT THE INHERENT DIGNITY OF HUMAN BEING AND HIS INALIENABLE
RIGHTS

2.19 ENEMIES OF THE STATE – CONTROL AND SUPPRESS THE ENEMIES IN COORDINATION WITH OTHER
GOV’T AGENCIES

2.20 PRINCIPLED CRITIQUES/CAUSE-ORIENTED GROUPS – NOT STIFLE DISSENT OR LABEL THEM AS

THREATS TO NAT’L SECURITY AND/OR ENEMIES OF THE STATE

ARTICLE IV – AFP MEMBERSHIP

STATES WHO COMPOSES THE AFP, CRITERIA FOR MEMBERSHIP AND THE PROCESSES/SYSTEMS WITHIN
THE AFP

▪ PROCUREMENT SYSTEM.

-EXTREME CARE MUST BE MADE IN THE SETTING OF CRITERIA THAT SHALL NOT DISCRIMINATE SKILLED
AND/OR GIFTED APPLICANTS.
-PROCUREMENT OF PERSONNEL SHALL BE PROPORTIONATELY TAKEN FROM ALL REGIONS OF THE
ARCHIPELAGO IN ORDER TO HAVE EQUITABLE REGIONAL REPRESENTATION NATIONWIDE.

▪ MEMBERSHIP QUALIFICATIONS.

- COMMISSIONED OFFICERS / EP (ENLISTED PERSONNEL).

▪ EDUCATION AND TRAINING.

▪ RETENTION OF THE SERVICE.

▪ PROMOTION.

▪ RETIREMENT, SEPARATION BENEFITS.

▪ DEATH AND DISABILITY BENEFITS.

• PROFESSIONALISM –

• EXPERT APPLICATION OF SPECIALIZED SKILLS

• BASED ON AN ORGANIZED BODY OF KNOWLEDGE

• IN ACCORDANCE WITH LAWS AND/OR CODE OF ETHICS

• WITH HIGHEST DEGREE OF EXCELLENCE IN THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THE MISSION.

ARTICLE V – MILITARY PROFESSIONALISM

STANDARDS OF MILITARY PROFESSIONALISM

1. STANDARDS OF LOYALTY- ALL MILITARY PERSONNEL SHALL BE LOYAL AND TRUE TO THE

- REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES,

- PHIL CONSTITUTION

- AFP

- FILIPINO PEOPLE AT ALL TIMES.

2. STANDARDS OF COMPETENCE– ALL MILITARY PERSONNEL MUST POSSESS:

- KNOWLEDGE

- SKILL

- PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES AND

- CHARACTER TRAITS

- NECESSARY TO ATTAIN OUTSTANDING PERFORMANCE OF DUTY AND ACCOMPLISHMENT OF THE

MISSION.

3. STANDARDS OF ETHICS
 - EVERY SOLDIER MUST OBSERVE AND CONFORM TO ACCEPTED PRINCIPLES OF RIGHT CONDUCT,
AS OBSERVED AND PRACTICED IN FILIPINO SOCIETY.

4. STANDARDS OF MORALS

- MEMBERS OF THE AFP SHOULD BE DEEPLY AWARE THAT MAN IS A RATIONAL BEING. MAN IS
ALSO A MORAL BEING WHO IS GIVEN THE CAPACITY TO DETERMINE WHAT IS RIGHT AND DO IT AND
WHAT IS WRONG AND AVOID IT.

UNPROFESSIONAL ACTS- BEHAVIOR THAT FALL SHORT OF THE PROFESSIONAL STANDARD SET FORTH IN
THIS CODE. - MAY BE CONSIDERED AS VIOLATION OF EXISTING LAWS, ETHICS, MORALS & AFP RULES &
REGULATIONS.

PENALTIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS:

1) REVISED PENAL CODE

2) ARTICLES OF WAR

3) SPECIAL LAWS

4) AFP RULES AND REGULATION

1. ACTS OF DISLOYALTY – ACTS OR OMISSION BETRAYING ONE’S FAITH, DUTY, COMMITMENT TO GOD,
COUNTRY AND PEOPLE, CONSTITUTIONALGOV’T, AFP CHAIN OF COMMAND, UNIT OR OFFICE AND ITS
MISSION

A) COWARDICE, DESERTION, ABANDONMENT OF POST AWOL, ETC

B) CONTEMPT OR DISRESPECT BY WORDS OR DEEDS TOWARDS THE COMMANDER-IN- CHIEF AND

APPROPRIATE CIVILIAN AUTHORITIES, ONE’S SUPERIOR OFFICERS OR NCO

C) ANY ATTEMPT TO CREATE OR PARTICIPATE IN ANY VIOLENT ACTION AGAINST THE DULY
CONSTITUTED GOVERNMENT

D) GIVING OR ATTEMPTING TO GIVE AID, PROTECTION, COMFORT, INFORMATION OR ANY FORM OF

SUPPORT TO THE ENEMY OR HIS ALLIES

E) REFUSAL TO EXECUTE DUTY OR TAKE APPROPRIATE ACTION DURING TIMES OF CRISIS SUCH AS
SIEGE, UPRISING, MUTINY AND SIMILAR OCCURRENCES

2. ACTS OF INCOMPETENCE – REFERS TO THE LACK OF REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS, PHYSICAL

ATTRIBUTES AND CHARACTER TRAITSNECESSARY FOR ADEQUATE PERFORMANCE OF DUTY AND
ACCOMPLISHMENT OF MISSION

A) FAILURE TO ATTAIN THE MINIMUM PASSING GRADE IN ANY AFP TRAINING AND EDUCATION
PROGRAM

B) INABILITY TO MEET THE PHYSICAL, MEDICAL, MENTAL AND MORAL FITNESS REQUIREMENTS OF THE
SERVICE
C) APATHY, INDIFFERENCE, OR HALF-HEARTEDNESS TOWARDS DUTY

3. UNETHICAL ACTS - REFER TO ALL ACTS OR OMISSIONS WHICH DEVIATE FROM ESTABLISHED AND
ACCEPTED ETHICAL AND MORAL STANDARDS OF BEHAVIOUR AND PERFORMANCE AS SET FORTH IN
THIS CODE

A) DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ENGAGING ONESELF IN OUTSIDE EMPLOYMENT OR BUSINESS SIDELINES

USING GOVERNMENT TIME UNLESS AUTHORIZED BY PROPER AUTHORITY

B) ARROGANCE IN WORDS, WAYS AND DEEDS INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, UNNECESSARY USE OR
DISPLAY OF FIREARMS OR UNIFORMS OR UNWARRANTED ASSERTION OF RANK, POSITION OR
AUTHORITY

C) ALLOWING ANY WRONGDOING OR IRREGULARITY IN THE MILITARY SERVICE OR REFUSING OR

FAILING TO TAKE ACTION THEREON OR TO REPORT SAME TO APPROPRIATE AUTHORITIES

D) OCCUPYING OTHER POSITIONS IN CONCURRENT CAPACITY TO OBTAIN INFLUENCE, PRIVILEGES,

HONORARIA AND OTHER BENEFITS INCIDENTAL TO SAID POSITION

E) LOBBYING FOR ANY FAVOR, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROMOTIONS, ASSIGNMENTS,
POSITIONS AND OTHER PRIVILEGES PERSONALLY OR THROUGH OTHER PERSONS

F) ANY ACT OF CIRCUMVENTING AFP RULES, REGULATIONS, CIRCULARS, DIRECTIVES FOR PURPOSES
OF PROCUREMENT, PROMOTION, SCHOOLING, ASSIGNMENT, AWARDS AND DECORATIONS

G) ALLOWING/ TOLERATING SPOUSES AND DEPENDENTS TO INTERFERE OR MEDDLE IN OFFICIAL

FUNCTIONS

H) FORNICATION ( I.E. ADULTERY, CONCUBINAGE, HOMOSEXUALITY, LESBIANISM, PEDOPHILIA, ETC)

I) ENGAGING IN VICES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO EXCESSIVE GAMBLING, WOMANIZING,

EXCESSIVE DRINKING OF INTOXICATING LIQUOR, USE OF PROHIBITED DRUGS AND THE LIKE

J) SEXUAL HARASSMENT

K) FORUM SHOPPING

L) AIRING GRIEVANCES/ SEEKING TO REDRESS GRIEVANCES

4. CORRUPT ACTS – ALL ACTS OR OMISSION DESCRIBED AND CHARACTERIZED AS CRIMES AGAINST
PUBLIC INTEREST, PUBLIC MORALS, PROPERTY, CHASTITY, CIVIL STATUS OF PERSONS AND HONOR
UNDER PERTINENT PROVISIONS OF THEREVISED PENAL CODE, OTHER LAWS AND AFP RULES AND
REGULATIONS

A) ANY FORM OF CONVERSION, SALE, APPLICATION OR USE OF GOVERNMENT FUNDS OR PROPERTIES

OTHER THAN WHAT THEY ARE INTENDED FOR INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO POL ALLOCATIONS,
FIREARMS, AMMUNITIONS, AND OTHER SUPPLIES

B) ANY FORM OF MANIPULATION OF UNIT OR INDIVIDUAL FUNDS INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
MOE, PROJECT MONEY, PAY AND ALLOWANCES, REMITTANCES TO GSIS, RSBS, PAG-IBIG AND THE LIKE

C) ANY PARTICIPATION IN OR TOLERATION OF RIGGED BIDDING

D) FALSIFICATION/ALTERATION OF RECORDS/DOCUMENTS TO JUSTIFY UNWARRANTED
ACQUISITION OR DISPOSAL/SALE OF GOVERNMENT EQUIPMENT TO FAVOR ANY PARTY INCLUDING
HIMSELF

G) UTILIZATION/ DISPOSITION/EMPLOYMENT OF AFP MATERIAL RESOURCES FOR PERSONAL/FAMILY

USE INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO VEHICLES, OFFICE SUPPLIES, POL PRODUCTS

H) RECEIVING/ACCEPTING/DEMANDING OR INSINUATING TO RECEIVE GIFTS IN ANY FORM OR

OCCASION

ARTICLE VI – AFP CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS

TELLS HOW THE AFP IS UNIQUE FROM OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES THROUGH ITS VARIOUS
CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS.

TRADITIONS - ARE INHERITED PRINCIPLES, STANDARDS AND PRACTICES THAT SERVE AS GUIDE FOR
INDIVIDUALS OR GROUPS. THESE ARE ACCUMULATED EXPERIENCES AND DEEDS PASSED ON FROM
GENERATION TO GENERATION.

CUSTOMS - ARE ACCEPTED PRACTICES REALIZED THROUGH CONTINUED USAGE THAT TAKE THE FORCE
AND EFFECT OF A COMMON LAW

A) SALUTE

B) FLAG RAISING CEREMONY

C) FLAG RETREAT CEREMONY

D) THE THREE VOLLEYS OVER GRAVES

E) THE WHITE FLAG OF TRUCE

F) THE WEARING OF DECORATIONS

G) THE RAISING OF THE RIGHT HAND IN TAKING OATH

H) COURTESY OF THE POST

I) PRESENTATION OF RECRUITS TO COLORS

J) WELCOME/ FAREWELL TENDERED TO A NEWLY ASSIGNED/ DEPARTING OFFICER

K) CEREMONY TENDERED TO A RETIREE

L) PIPE CALLS

M) COURTESY CALLS

N) CALL OF NEWLY PROMOTED GENERALS/ FLAG OFFICERS

O) NEW YEAR’S CALL ON THE COMMANDER OFFICER

P) HAPPY HOUR

Q) MILITARY WEDDINGS
R) PATRONAGE OF THE OFFICERS’ CLUB AND EP’S CLUB HOUSES

S) CEREMONIES AT HOLIDAY DINNERS

T) CHRISTMAS HOLIDAY ENTERTAINMENT

U) RANK HAS ITS PRIVILEGES

V) VISITING THE SICK

W) SURVIVOR ASSISTANCE TO BEREAVED FAMILY

X) “ I WISH” AND “I DESIRE” STATEMENT

Y) PLACE OF HONOR

Z) USE OF THE WORD “SIR”

ARTICLE VIL – GENERAL PROVISIONS

REQUIRES THAT ALL OF US SHOULD FOLLOW/UPHOLD THE AFP CODE OF ETHICS AT ALL TIMES

- COMMANDERS SHALL SET AS GOOD EXAMPLE

- VICE COMMANDER /DEPUTY IS THE HEAD OF OESPA

- CHAPLAIN AS MORAL AND SPIRITUAL ADVISER

“PROTOCOL AND SOCIAL GRACES”

Definition of Terms

- Protocol:

- Derived from:

- Latin: Protocollum (rolls on which agreements were recorded)

- French: Protocole

- Greek: Proto (first), Kolla (to glue)

- Refers to forms of official minutes, international agreements, and documents outlining the

Rights, obligations, privileges, and immunities of diplomats.

Importance of Protocol

- Rose to international importance over the past 300 years as a:

- Legal basis for agreements or contracts among states or nations.

- Affirmation of principles, rights, policies, and negotiations.

- Tool for diplomatic relations between heads of states.

Sources of Protocol

- Local customs, laws, and regulations.

- International agreements.

- Traditions.

- Treaties.

Customs

- Respect for elders.

- Knocking on the door before entering.

- Saluting senior officers.

- Ceremonies for retirees or newly promoted generals.

- RHIP (Rank Has Its Privileges).

- Senior officers have the privilege to select first.

International Agreements

- Treaty Examples:

- Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons at the UN General Assembly (1968).

- Landmines Treaty banning the use of landmines.

General Courtesy and Right Conduct

- Being late is bad manners.

- Officers are expected to behave with dignity and restraint.

- Permission to smoke should be asked when in the presence of a woman.

- Officers should stand when introduced to women, clergy, or elders.

- Complimenting someone in a group can make others feel slighted.

- Officers should speak cautiously about their wives.

*Introduction

- A man is presented to a woman.

- The higher-ranking person’s name is stated first.

- Young people are introduced to older people.

- A single person is introduced to a group.

Dining Etiquette

- Dishes are served from the left and removed from the right.
 - Plates are removed after everyone is finished.

- Do not serve beer at formal dinners.

- Punctuality is key

- - A thank-you note should be sent after a formal dinner.

Cocktail Party Etiquette

- Research guests before the event.

- Introduce yourself to new guests.

- Avoid talking about sex, politics, or religion.

- Do not get drunk.

- Keep your right hand free for handshakes.

Military Customs, Courtesies, and Traditions

- Customs: Established habits or practices that have gained the force of law.

- Traditions: Inherited principles, standards, and practices passed down through generations.

Military Salutes and Traditions:

- Military salute, taps, rifle volleys at funerals, and the wearing of uniforms.

Courtesies:

- Use of “Sir” or “Ma’am.”

- Calling a room to attention when a senior enters.

- Entering and exiting a vehicle appropriately.

Applications of Protocol in the Military

- Traditional Calls:

- Initial calls to commanding officers should be made within two days of arriving at a station.

- New Year’s calls, arrival, and exit calls should follow protocol.

Military Honors

- Full military honors are provided for certain VIPs, with specific guidelines for ceremonies.

Formal Dining

- Proper seating arrangements must be followed, with the guest of honor seated at the center.

Military Attire

- Dress codes vary for different military occasions.

 Seating Arrangements

- The senior-ranking guest is given the place of honor, seated to the right of the hostess.

Change of Command Protocol

- The outgoing commander sits to the right of the guest of honor, while the incoming

Commander sits to the left.

Opening & Graduation Exercises

- Proper seating arrangements must be observed, with the guest of honor seated at the center.

Rank and Precedence

- The President and Vice President are at the top, followed by other government officials and

Military officers in a specific order.

Cultural No-Nos

- Germany: Always knock before entering an office.

- Saudi Arabia: Adherence to Islamic law.

- Mexico: Criticism of nepotism is seen as an insult.

- China: Sovereignty is highly sensitive.

- India: Respect for Hindu traditions, including reverence for cattle.

- UK: Business people prefer traditional attire over new fashion.

Gift-Giving Abroad

- Avoid bringing a gift to an Arab man’s wife.

- In Japan, do not out-give your host as it can cause embarrassment.

Business Etiquette

- Arrive on time for appointments.

- Avoid exchanging business cards while dining.

Correspondence Etiquette

- Reply to invitations as soon as possible, preferably within a week.

Social Graces

- It is customary to return an engagement ring after a broken engagement.

- Always respect instructions like “no gifts” on invitations.

Table Etiquette

- Food should be passed to the right.

- Napkins should be placed on the chair when excusing oneself.

 “MILITARY JUSTICE SYSTEM”

Objective:

“To provide students with the basic knowledge on Military Law and Justice

System.”

History/Rationale for Military Law:

- History points to nations being engaged in wars, leading to the organization of

Armed forces under a Commander in Chief, enforcing the highest discipline to

Ensure military efficiency.

- Roman Empire: Justice was administered by magistri militum and legionary

Tribunes, either as sole judges or with assistance from councils.

- Early Germans: In times of peace, judicial proceedings were conducted by

Counts, assisted by Assemblages of freemen. In war, the Duke or Military Chief

Held jurisdiction, delegating it to a priest accompanying the army.

- France: Courts-martial were established in 1955. Persons subject to French

Military law were under the jurisdiction of the Mayor of the Palace, the Grand

Seneschal, the Constable, and the Provost Marshall. The Anglo-Norman system

Of justice administration was adopted.

- Philippines: Courts-martial were established by the Revolutionary Army in

1896 to enforce discipline, following the Spanish court-martial system of

European origin.

Military Laws:

British Military Code:

- Military law existed during war in early periods. Military law in times of peace

Was established through the First Mutiny Act of 1689.

- The First Mutiny Act had a peculiar trait: its operation was limited to about

Seven months, after which it had to be renewed annually by the British

Parliament.

- Over time, the annual enactments grew to include about one hundred
 Sections by 1878.

- The Articles of War were formed as military orders or directions issued during

War or expeditions.

American Military Code:

- The Provisional Congress of Massachusetts Bay adopted its Articles of War on

April 5, 1775. Similar articles were adopted by the Provincial Assemblies of

Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire.

- The Second Continental Congress, in June 1775, resolved to raise a military

Force and prepared rules for governing the army. The first American Articles of

War were enacted on June 30, 1775.

- The Code of 1776 replaced the Articles of 1775, modified to fit the new

Government under the Constitution, designated as the Code of 1806.

- Several changes followed, including Articles of War from the Codes of 1874,

1916, 1920, and 1949.

- On February 8, 1949, a bill was presented to consolidate the Articles of War,

Articles for the Government of the Navy, and disciplinary laws for the Coast

Guard, resulting in the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). The UCMJ was

Approved on May 5, 1950, and the new Manual for Courts-Martial was

Promulgated through Executive Order 10214 in 1951.

Philippine Military Code:

- Commonwealth Act No. 408, the first military law enacted by the National

Assembly of the Philippines, was approved on September 14, 1938. It consisted

Of 120 articles, similar to the American Code of 1928.

- Executive Order No. 178 was promulgated on December 17, 1938, to

Implement Commonwealth Act No. 408. It prescribed rules of procedure,

Including modes of proof in courts-martial, courts of inquiry, military

Commissions, and other military tribunals.

- Currently, Commonwealth Act No. 408, as amended by RA Nos. 242 and 516,

Is the organic law of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP).

Persons Subject to Military Law:

The following persons are included under the term “persons subject to military
 Law”:

1. Officers and Enlisted Personnel in the active service of the AFP, including

Members of the reserve force called to active duty and trainees undergoing

Military instruction.

2. Cadets, flying cadets, and probationary second lieutenants.

3. Persons accompanying or serving with the AFP in the field during wartime or

Under martial law.

5. Persons under sentence by courts-martial, even if separated from service.

Additional considerations:

- Offenses committed prior to entry into service.

- Separation from service.

- Expiration of the term of service.

- Officers dropped from rolls.

- Dishonorable discharge does not terminate all contracts.

- Dishonorably discharged prisoners may still be tried by courts-martial.

- Reserve officers may be retained for court-martial purposes.

Classification of Courts-Martial and General Application:

I. General Courts-Martial

II. Special Courts-Martial

III. Summary Courts-Martial

IV. Courts-Martial serve as instruments of executive power and criminal courts

Under military law.

General Courts-Martial:

- Has the power to try any person subject to military law for crimes or offenses

As defined by the Articles of War.

- Can adjudge any punishment, including bad conduct discharge, solitary

Confinement not exceeding 30 days, or diminished rations for 30 days.

Special Courts-Martial:

- Can try any person for non-capital offenses under the Articles of War.

- Cannot adjudge dishonorable discharge or confinement beyond six months.

- Can adjudge bad conduct discharge, provided there is a complete record of

 Proceedings.

- In the Philippine Navy, special courts-martial can impose deprivation of liberty

On shore.

Summary Courts-Martial:

- Consists of one officer and tries non-capital offenses.

- Cannot adjudge confinement exceeding one month or forfeiture of more than

Two-thirds of one month’s pay.

- Solitary confinement may not exceed 15 days.

Composition of the Different Types of Courts-Martial:

Who may serve on Court-Martial?

- All Officers in active duty.

- Enlisted personnel may serve in General or Special courts-martial for enlisted

Members, but their number cannot exceed one-third of the court’s

Membership.

Qualifications for Members:

1. Best qualified based on age, training, experience, and judicial temperament.

2. Should have more than two years in service.

3. Must not be an accuser or witness.

4. Must not have previously served on the same court.

5. Must not be suspended from rank.

General Courts-Martial:

- Composed of at least five members, appointed by the President, Chief of Staff,

Or commanding officers of divisions, military areas, or brigades.

- One member must be a Law Member (BAR-certified), detailed by the Judge

Advocate General.

- The court cannot receive evidence or vote without the Law Member.

- The highest-ranking officer presides over the court.

Special Courts-Martial:

- Composed of at least three members, appointed by the commanding officers

Of major commands, task forces, military areas, and other detached

Commands.
- Authorities who can appoint General Courts-Martial can also appoint Special

Courts-Martial.

Summary Courts-Martial:

- Composed of one officer, appointed by the commanding officer of a garrison,

Fort, camp, regiment, or detached unit.

- Superior authorities may appoint Summary Courts-Martial when needed.

Other Members of the GCM and SCM:

1. Trial Judge Advocate: Prosecutes cases and prepares court records.

2. **Assistant Trial Judge Advocate: Assists the Trial Judge Advocate in legal

Proceedings.

2. **Defense Counsel: Defends the accused and ensures their rights are

Protected.

4. Assistant Defense Counsel: Assists the Defense Counsel.

5. Reporter: Records court proceedings and testimonies.

6. Interpreter: Translates questions and answers when necessary.

7. Clerk and Orderlies: Assist the Trial Judge Advocate and Defense Counsel.