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Summary Keywords: Group: Original Exams-D Ự Đoán Đề Thi Ielts Gốc

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Gyune Riis
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13 views

Summary Keywords: Group: Original Exams-D Ự Đoán Đề Thi Ielts Gốc

Uploaded by

Gyune Riis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUMMARY KEYWORDS

telescope, galileo, lenses, magnification, invention, venice, jupiter, instrument, scientist


s, mountains, naked eye, astronomers, discovery, improved, impaired
vision, glass, moon, lunar cycle, looked, stars
SPEAKERS
Speaker 2 (79%), Speaker 1 (21%)
1
Speaker 1
0:00
Now turn to section four section four, you will hear a university lecture on the early
development of the telescope. First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40?
Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40
2
Speaker 2
1:17
Good morning. Today's lecture is about the development of the telescope up until the
end of the 17th century, we can trace the telescopes earliest form back to the 1200s.
History records Roger Bacon as possibly the first to invent a magnifying glass. The
principal use of his invention was for reading. This proved to be a benefit mostly for
researchers who until then had been forced to give up working while still relatively
young because of impaired vision. In 1608, a Dutch astronomer called Lieber Hey
discovered that if convex and concave lenses were put together, they created a
magnifying glass through which things at a distance could be seen. He created a
miniature telescope. It was so small that initially, people took it to the theater for a better
view of the stage. Galileo found out about liber haze invention in the spring of 1609, and
immediately set about improving it. Galileo experimented with different lenses
combining a weak convex lens with a strong concave lens, he discovered that this
intensified the strength of the instrument. Unfortunately, the lenses the opticians were
making for glasses were unsatisfactory for what Galileo wanted to do, as they did not
have powerful enough magnification. Galileo therefore decided that to solve his
problem, he would have to start the production of his own lenses. Eventually, he
achieved a magnification about nine times more than you could see with the naked eye,
an enormous improvement over everything else on the market. Galileo then decided to
approach the Senate of Venice to demonstrate the improved instrument, many senators
were eager to try the new telescope and climbed the highest bell towers in Venice to
look through the glass at chips far out to see the government of Venice we're impressed
by his inventions obvious potential, and envision the advantages this eyeglass could
have for the army. His first major astronomical discovery with the telescope was that the
moon's surface was mountainous and not a perfect sphere as it had always been
assumed. During the lunar cycle of 28 days, he found that the shadows seem to vary

GROUP: ORIGINAL EXAMS- DỰ ĐOÁN ĐỀ THI IELTS GỐC


with the light. Galileo also figured out how to estimate the altitude of the mountains on
the moon by looking for bright spots in the dark areas. Galileo looked for the spots when
it was a halfmoon and with geometry was able to calculate the elevation of the
mountains. From these calculations, he was able to draw charts of the terrain and show
the altitudes of the mountains
2
Speaker 2
4:20
in 1610, Galileo's next major discovery was regarding Jupiter using a magnification
telescope 20 times the strength of his previous ones. He looked at Jupiter on
successive nights. His main observation was a trio of what initially seemed to be small
stars close to Jupiter. However, by the 15th night, he realized that they were going
around the planet in a daily orbit, and that in fact, they were moons not stars, and three
days later, he saw a fourth one. This discovery showed how important a telescope As
for astronomers, they would now be able to see celestial objects that could not
previously be seen by the naked eye. In the later 1600s, scientists started to make a
stronger telescope, revealing the galaxy. Scientists realized that when they increased
the length of the telescope, the intensity of magnification improved significantly. One
such telescope was created in 1656 and magnified over 100 times. It had the incredible
length of four meters. Telescopes continued to become longer over the next few years.
And in fact, the astronomer have various built one in 1670, that was 43 meters long.
However, these telescopes were soon to prove useless for accurate observation,
because the slightest wind caused the instrument to shift. Finally, in 1675, astronomers
abandoned the tube telescope and instead mounted the telescope on a building
telescopes like this were called Aerial telescopes. Scientists hope that the stability of the
mound would decrease the frustration when observing stars. Well, that's about it for
today. And so I
1
Speaker 1
6:27
that is the end of section four. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

GROUP: ORIGINAL EXAMS- DỰ ĐOÁN ĐỀ THI IELTS GỐC

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