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    6401 Autumn 2023

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    6401 Autumn 2023

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    8 views10 pages

    6401 Autumn 2023

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    ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

    Subject/Course Code

    6401 Solved by Khan Bhai

    Autumn 2023

    Q1
    Answer:
    Q1

    a) In mathematics, direct proportion means that as one


    quantity increases, the other quantity also increases at a
    constant rate. Inverse proportion, on the other hand, means
    that as one quantity increases, the other decreases at a
    constant rate.

    Example of direct proportion: Consider the relationship


    between the number of hours worked and the amount of
    money earned. If someone earns $10 per hour, then working
    for 5 hours will result in earning $50, working for 10 hours will
    result in earning $100, and so on. As the number of hours
    worked increases, the amount of money earned increases
    proportionally.
    Example of inverse proportion: Think about the relationship
    between the time taken to complete a task and the number of
    workers involved. If it takes 10 workers 2 hours to complete a
    task, then if the number of workers is halved to 5 workers, it
    would take twice as long, or 4 hours, to complete the same
    task. Here, as the number of workers decreases, the time
    taken to complete the task increases inversely.

    b) To solve this problem, we can use the concept of "man-


    days," where the number of men multiplied by the number of
    days equals the total work done.

    Given that 4 men can repair a road in 6 days, we can find the
    total man-days required for the job:
    4 men * 6 days = 24 man-days

    Now, if 8 men are working on the same job, we can use the
    total man-days and the number of men to find out how many
    days it will take:
    Total man-days / Number of men = Number of days
    24 man-days / 8 men = 3 days

    So, 8 men can repair the road in 3 days.


    Q2:
    Answer:
    Q2

    De Morgan's Laws state that the complement of the union of


    two sets is equal to the intersection of their complements,
    and vice versa. Let's prove it with your sets U, A, and B.

    1. Complement of the union:


    - The complement of the union of sets A and B is the set of
    elements not in either A or B. This can be written as (A ∪ B)'.
    - (A ∪ B)' = {1} (because A ∪ B includes all even numbers from
    2 to 50, and all odd numbers from 1 to 49, leaving only 1 out)
    - The complement of set A is the set of odd numbers from 1
    to 49. Similarly, the complement of set B is the set of even
    numbers from 2 to 50.
    - Therefore, the intersection of the complements of sets A
    and B is the set {1}.
    - Thus, (A ∪ B)' = A' ∩ B'.

    2. Intersection of complements:
    - The complement of set A is the set of odd numbers from 1
    to 49, and the complement of set B is the set of even numbers
    from 2 to 50.
    - Their intersection is the empty set because there are no
    numbers that are both odd and even.
    - Therefore, A' ∩ B' = ∅.

    Hence, De Morgan's Laws are proven:

    (A ∪ B)' = A' ∩ B'


    (A ∩ B)' = A' ∪ B'

    Q3:
    Answer:
    Q4:
    Answer:
    Q5:
    Answer:
    ADMIN KHAN BHAI
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