010 Letterrs

Grade: X Writing Skills Concepts Subject: English__
LETTER WRITING
Letter writing is an art. It is the commonest mode of communication. It is different from other forms
of writing because it is intended for a specific reader. A letter is written when something has to be
conveyed to someone sitting far away. Writing requires imagination, creativity, careful planning and
organisation. The language of the letter should be interactive.
TYPES OF LETTERS
There are broadly two types of letters, namely Formal Letters, and Informal Letters. Let us have a look
at these types of letters:
1) Formal Letters - These letters follow a certain pattern and formality. They are strictly kept
professional in nature, and directly address the issues concerned. Any type of business letter or letter
to authorities falls within this given category.
2) Informal Letters - These are personal letters. They need not follow any set pattern or adhere to any
formalities. They contain personal information or are a written conversation. Informal letters are
generally written to friends, acquaintances, relatives etc.
FORMAT OF A FORMAL LETTER

A formal letter must adhere to the prescribed format.
Sender’s Address: [Address and contact details of the sender]
Date: [ 11 January 2024 ]
Receiver’s Address: [Designation and Address of the receiver]
Subject: [Name the request/complaint or states the purpose of the
letter]
Salutation: [Respected Sir/Madam,]
Body of the letter:

Paragraph 1 [State the purpose of application]
Paragraph 2 [Here start writing detailed information]
Paragraph 3 [Now conclude your letter that is write what you are
expecting]
Complimentary Closing: [Now end the letter with – yours sincerely,

faithfully, thankfully]
Signature: [Name followed by Signature]
Grade X – English – Writing Page 1 of 32

FEW TYPES OF FORMAL LETTERS
COMPLAINT LETTERS
Complaint letters are usually written to business firms, water supply boards, telecommunication
boards, electricity boards, sewerage boards and several other organizations. Their purpose is to remind
the people of these firms or authorities about their defective products or poor services. It is extremely
important to provide all the details in your complaint letter as the information can be further used for
verification.
From address or Sender’s Address Given The following points should be
remembered while writing a complaint
Date letter:
1. The message conveyed in the complaint
The Manager letter should be direct and credible.
Name of Company/Agency 2. Make accurate and clear statements by
Address giving all the details and exact description of
the goods.
Subject: ……………………………….. 3. Be very precise and accurate in
describing the problems.
Dear Sir/Madam, 4. Use polite but firm language in narrating
the problems.
Body of letter Para I – Purchased 5. Desired steps to rectify the situation
should also be mentioned.
 When? 6. Do not use negative words like -
 Where? dishonest, inefficient, useless, disgusting etc.
 What? Model/Brand as they sound discourteous.
 Bill No.
7. Do not blame anyone unless you are
Para II – Technical complaints absolutely sure. Use passive voice to talk of

(at least 3 points) mistakes.
8. Avoid threats, accusation or veiled hints
Para III – Since the
………………………………. (item) is under about the legal action if the claim is not
warranty, so kindly replace it within settled promptly.
………………………………. days. Failing 9. The letter should demand immediate
which, I/we will be forced to move to the response, quicker decision or positive action
consumer court. in order to resolve the complaint as soon as
possible.
10. Close the letter with formal request to
Thanking you
Yours truly solve the problems.
(Name)

SAMPLE COMPLAINT LETTERS
1. You are Deep/Deepa, Librarian of Happy Public School, Shamli. You had placed an order for
a few books for your school library. When the books were delivered, you found some were
damaged and some were missing. Write a letter to the Sales Manager of Student Publishers
Limited, Delhi asking for their immediate replacement.
Answer:
Happy Public School

Shamli
2 July 2022
The Sales Manager

Student Publishers Limited
Delhi
Subject: Replacement of missing and damaged books
Dear Sir,
This is with reference to our order no 967084/3421/16. The parcel was delivered on 18 July 2021. It
pains me to write that the condition of some of the books was deplorable. Knowing the track record
and the amicable relationship that we have shared over the past few years, this condition of the books
came as a big disappointment. Some books, we received, were found damaged and some were missing.
The following is the list of books for which we require immediate replacement.
Book Author Type of damage

1. Fault in Our Stars John Green wet
2. Paper Town John Green wet
The following is the list of the missing books.

Book Author
1. Top Letter SK Taneja

2. Pride and Pyramid Tane Ashish
3. Latest General Knowledge KK Ghai

You are requested to provide the above books without any delay.
Thanking you
Yours truly
Deep
Librarian
2. You are Reena/Raju of 85, Ramesh Nagar, New Delhi. Write a letter to the General Manager,
DTC, complaining about inadequate bus service in your area and urging him to take urgent
steps in this matter.
Answer:
85, Ramesh Nagar
New Delhi
2 July 2022
The General Manager

DTC
New Delhi
Subject: Inadequate bus services in Ramesh Nagar area
Dear Sir,
I would like to draw your attention to the irregular bus service in our area. The buses never come on
time and commuters experience a lot of inconvenience while waiting at the bus stop for hours. The
matter gets compounded when the drivers and conductors do not stop the bus at the bus stop or speed
away before one gets in or out of it. Many a time it leads to serious injuries to commuters. Sometimes
we see a number of buses plying on the same route while as others there are no buses for hours.
I, therefore request you to look into matter and take urgent remedial action. More buses should be put
on the road. The useless ones should be taken off to ensure speedy and regular trouble–free traffic.
Thanking you
Yours truly
Raju
3. You are Raman/Reena of 240, Shahid Nagar, Agra. Write a letter to M/s Raju Sales
Corporation complaining about the poor performance of the washing machine purchased from
their showroom, mentioning clearly the specific problem you are facing and the action you want.
Give all the relevant details.

Answer:
240, Shahid Nagar

Agra
2 July 2022
The Manager
M/s Raju Sales Corporation
Agra
Subject: Complaint about defective washing machine
Dear Sir,
I bought an LG washing machine from you, Shahid Nagar Branch on 1 July 2021 vide cash memo
number 123. It has a warranty of two years. I regret to inform you that it has developed a technical
snag in the first month itself. Its water dispenser is not working properly. The dryer and water outlet
are choked and sometimes it gives electric shock too. It’s a matter of grave concern that a brand new
machine should develop so many defects in the first month of its purchase. It is not only disappointing
but shocking too as the electric shocks could put the user’s life at risk. Since it is still under warranty,
you are, therefore, requested to replace it at the earliest. I sincerely hope that such cases are few and far
between and do not get repeated.
Thanking you
Yours truly
Raman
INQUIRY / ENQUIRY LETTERS The Letter of Inquiry/Enquiry Format is as

A formal written letter seeking information, follows –
clarification, or help from a person or 1. Sender’s address (Include an email and phone
institution is called an inquiry letter. It can number, if required.)
be written for a number of reasons, such as 2. Date
asking for details on an event or program, a 3. Receiver’s address
product or service, or information about a 4. Subject of the letter
job vacancy or course details etc. 5. Salutation (Respected Sir / Madam)
6. Body
The following points should be Paragraph1: Introduce yourself and the purpose
remembered while writing a of writing the letter
Enquiry/Inquiry letter: Paragraph2: Detail of the articles ordered
Paragraph3: Conclude / end
1) Clearly State Purpose: Ensure the 7. Complimentary Closing
purpose of the inquiry is direct and 8. Sender’s name, signature and designation (if
easy to understand. any)

2) Avoid Ambiguity: Use clear language to prevent misunderstandings.

3) Provide Relevant Details: Include all necessary information related to the inquiry.
4) Specify Deadlines: If applicable, clearly state any deadlines for response or action.
5) Be Precise: Clearly describe what information or assistance is needed.
6) Ask Specific Questions: Articulate any questions or requests for clarification clearly.
7) Maintain Politeness: Keep a respectful and courteous tone throughout the letter.
8) Express Desired Outcome: Clearly state what outcome or information is expected from the
recipient.
9) Avoid Negative Language: Refrain from using negative or accusatory language.
10) Emphasize Timeliness: Stress the importance of a prompt response or resolution.
SAMPLE ENQUIRY / INQUIRY LETTERS
1. You are Anshul/Anshika, a student of class X and resident of 56 D, Ring Road, ITO, New
Delhi, and wants to be a choreographer. Write a letter to the director, National Institute of
Choreography, Noida, seeking information about their course, admission procedure, eligibility
criteria and other necessary details.
Answer:
56 D, Ring Road, ITO
New Delhi 1100XX
3 July 2022
The Director
National Institute of Choreography
Sector 16, Noida 102XXX
Subject: Inquiry regarding course in choreography
Dear Sir,
In reference to your advertisement regarding the courses in choreography offered by your reputable
institute, I want to state that I am currently in X class and preparing for my final exam. I am very much
interested in dancing and want to choose it as a career. I am also given to understand that this institute
is by far the best so far as choreography is concerned and I would very much like to be part of it.
Kindly send me the prospectus and the application form. I would be highly grateful if you could
provide me with the following information:
 The department and programme faculty

 Funding opportunities
 Scholarships available

 Admission procedure
 Eligibility criteria
 Hostel facilities
Kindly send me, the brochure along with the enrolment form at the earliest so that I could register
myself for the course.
Thanking you
Yours faithfully/truly
Anshika
2. You are Rama/Ramesh of D–105, Lajpat Nagar, New Delhi. You want information about
German Language Courses at German Embassy, Chankya Puri, New Delhi. Write a letter to the
Director inquiring about the same.
Answer:
D–105, Lajpat Nagar
New Delhi 1100XX
03 July 2022
The Director
German Embassy
Chankya Puri
New Delhi 1100XX
Subject: Inquiry regarding German courses
Respected Sir/ Madam,
I wish to make certain enquiries about the German language courses offered by your institution. I have
just completed class X and want to pursue my career in German. I would like to know the duration of
the course, the fee structure and the transport facilities available. I have always had a flair for language
and have wanted to be a multilingual.
Hence the desire to learn the German language. I will be grateful if you could send me the brochure
along with the enrolment form enabling me to register myself for the course at the earliest. Please also
find enclosed with the letter a draft of 200/– for the brochure. Any balance money shall be paid on
receipt of the same.
Thanking you
Rama

3.You are Rahul/Renu of 97, Prashant Vihar, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, studying at a coaching
centre in Model Town, Delhi. You need accommodation for yourself. Write a letter to the
Manager of Paying Guest Services, 108, students Complex, Model Town, Delhi, inquiring about
the details such as the type of accommodation, monthly charges and other facilities.
Answer:
97, Prashant Vihar

Saharanpur
Uttar Pradesh XXXXXX
03 July 2022
The Manager
108, Students Complex
Model Town
New Delhi 1100XX
Subject: Inquiry about the accommodation
Dear Sir/Madam,
I came across your advertisement in the Indian Express dated 26th December and would like to know in
detail about the accommodation offered by you. I have earlier too stayed at other paying guest
accommodations and my track record can be verified from my previous hosts. I am a resident of
Saharanpur and studying in Delhi. I am preparing for CA. My coaching centre is in Model Town and I
would like to be accommodated near it, to save travel time. Kindly send me the details about the type
of accommodation offered, monthly charges, facilities available like attached bathrooms and wi–fi
facility, etc. Any other features that you think should be informed in advance, please do share. I assure
you that the rental payments shall be made on time.
Thanking you
Rahul
4. You have lost your original certificates of class X and XII. You want to get their duplicates
issued but you do not know the procedure. Write a letter to the Chairman, CBSE, Preet Vihar
enquiring about the fee to be deposited, mode of payment, time taken by the board for issuing
duplicate certificates and any other formalities. You are Tarun/Taruna, 7/9, Kunj Apatments,
Shimla.
Answer:
7/9, Kunj Apartments
Shimla

03 July 2022
The Chairman
CBSE, Preet Vihar
New Delhi
Subject: Procedure to get Duplicate Certificates
Respected Sir/Madam,
This is to inform you I Tarun/Taruna passed class X (Roll no:12341234) in the year 2016 and class XII
(Roll no: 56789109) in the year 2018 from CBSE.
Unfortunately, I have lost my original certificates as the bag containing all these certificates has been
stolen. FIR has also been filled against this stealing in the local police station (FIR no: 81/2021). Now,
I urgently need the duplicates of those certificates.
Therefore, please let me know the following details.
 Procedures to get the duplicate certificates.
 The amount of fee to be paid.
 Mode of payment.
 Time taken by the board to issue the certificates.
Also, if there is any other formality to be completed. Please do let me know. I would be much obliged.
Thanking you
Yours sincerely/truly
Tarun/Taruna
ORDER PLACING LETTERS Letter of Order Format is as follows:

An Order Letter is written to place an order for Sender’s address
any items. It mentions the details of the items Date
required. It must specify details like an address Receiver’s
for delivery, the deadline for delivery, mode of address
payment, etc.
Subject: _____________________
The following points should be remembered Dear Sir/Madam
while writing an order placing letter: Body of the letter
1) Clear Identification: Clearly state the
 Ref. to quotation dated
purpose of the letter, which is to place an
 List of requirement/items to be ordered
order for specific goods or services.
 Date on which delivery is required
2) Detailed Description: Provide a detailed  Mode of payment
description of the items being ordered,  Items to be in good condition and as per
including quantities, sizes, colors, requirement.
models, etc.
Name
Grade X – English – Writing Designation Page 9 of 32
3) Accuracy: Ensure all details provided are accurate to avoid any misunderstandings or errors in
the order.
4) Price and Payment Terms: Clearly state the agreed-upon prices for the items and any
applicable taxes or fees. Specify the preferred payment method and terms.
5) Delivery Information: Include the desired delivery date or timeframe, as well as the shipping
address and any specific delivery instructions.
6) Contact Information: Provide your contact information in case the recipient needs to reach
you for any clarifications or updates regarding the order.
7) Confirmation Request: Request confirmation of the order receipt and acknowledgment of the
terms and conditions outlined in the letter.
8) Professional Tone: Maintain a polite and professional tone throughout the letter, addressing the
recipient respectfully.
9) Deadline for Response: Specify a deadline for the recipient to confirm receipt of the order and
provide any necessary feedback or adjustments.
10) Express Appreciation: Close the letter with a courteous expression of gratitude for the
recipient's attention to the order and their assistance in processing it promptly.
1.You are Neeraj/Neeraja Shekhar, Principal, Vasant Public School, Pune. Your school has just
started a music department. Write a letter to the Manager of Melody House, Pune, wholesale
suppliers of musical instruments, placing an order for musical instruments for the school. Ask
for a discount on the catalogue prices. (120 – 150 words).
Answer :
Vasant Public School
Ramdaspet
Pune XXXXXX
03 July 2022
The Manager
Melody House
Shivaji Peth
Pune XXXXXX
Subject: Order for musical instruments
Dear Sir,
We wish to place an order for musical instruments for our school’s newly started music department. As
per the prices mentioned in your quotation number 12/49/1234, the details of the order are as follows:
Name of the Musical Instruments Quantity

Sitar 2
Drum set 2

Guitar 3
Tabla 6
Piano 1
Violin 4
Flute 10
Kindly find enclosed cheque No. 215272 dated 3 January, 2022 for 50,000 drawn on XYZ Bank, being
the advance payment against the above order.
You are requested to have the above items neatly packed and sent through your own transport. The
delivery should be made within one month of receipt of this order by your company.
The items should be delivered to the school in perfect condition. The balance amount shall be paid by
cheque within a week of the receipt of the above goods by us. We would request you to give us the
trade discount on the catalogue prices.
Thanking you
Neeraj Shekhar
Principal
2.You are Nalini/Vishal, Hostel Warden, Zennith Public School, Kosikalan, Uttar Pradesh. Write
a letter to the Sales Manager, Bharat Electronics and Domestic Appliances Ltd., New Delhi,
placing an order for a few fans, microwaves, ovens and geysers that you wish to purchase for the
hostel. Also ask for discount permissible on the purchase.
Answer:
Zenith Public School
Nehru Road, Kosikalan
Uttar Pradesh XXXXX
03 July 2022
The Sales Manager

Bharat Electronics and Domestic Appliances Ltd.
Daryaganj
New Delhi 1100XX
Subject: Order for domestic appliances
Dear Sir

In reference to your quotation number 11/12/1987 dated on 02 January, 2022. We are pleased to place
an order for the following items. Kindly send these at the above mentioned address through transport
carefully as per the prices already negotiated.
Name of the Items No. of Items Brand

Fans 48″ 50 Bajaj
Microwave oven 25 LG
Bulbs 60 W 100 Philips
Tube lights 40 W 100 Nova
Kindly ensure that all the items are in good condition and packed properly. The items must be
delivered within 15 days of the issue of this letter. Any damage charges during transportation will be
borne by you. Further kindly note that the transportation will be paid by you.
Thanking you
Nalini
(Hostel Warden)
3.Write a letter to Light ways Sports, Amarrpalli, Thane, placing an order for sports articles
(Minimum 4) to be supplied to your school, ABC Matriculation School, Civil lines, Pune. Sign as
Ravi/Raveena, Sports Secretary.
Answer:
ABC Matriculation School
Civil Lines,
Pune XXXXXX
03 July 2022
The Manager
Light ways Sports
Thane XXXXXX
Subject: Order for sports goods
Dear Sir,
This has reference to the quotation no: 14/10/12345, dated 29 December 2021, given by your sales
agent. We agree to it and hope that 10% discount is permissible to educational institutes, will be given
on our order. Please send the following items on the above mentioned address.
Name of the Items No. of Items Remarks
Football ‘ 10 Adidas

Cricket balls 10 Leather

Tennis balls 20 Vicky (brand)
Cricket bats 10 Adidas
Kindly ensure that all the items should be in good condition and packed properly and delivered within
a week. The payment will be made by cash once the items reach us. Any damage during transportation
will be your responsibility. Further please note that transportation chargers shall be to your account.
Thanking you
Raveena Khanna
(Sports Secretary)
4.You are Kavita Patil, computer in charge of Edify. Your school wishes to buy 20 computers
and computer accessories from Apple Inc., 126, Ambience’s Palace, New Delhi. Draft a letter
placing order giving all the specifications of the product and its quality.
Answer:
Edify
Mathura Road
New Delhi 1100XX
03 July 2022
The Proprietor
126, Ambience’s Palace
New Delhi 1100XX
Subject: Placement of order for computers and their accessories
Dear Sir,
This is to inform you that our school management has decided to place an order with your company for
the supply of computers and computer accessories in reference with the quotation number 05/06/7008
dated on 01 January, 2022.
All the products should be genuine Apple. The price quotation submitted by your agent has been
approved and the institutional discount of 10% offered by you has been accepted. Kindly send the
following items on the above mentioned address.
Apple
List of Items Apple Computers Apple laptop I-pad
Headphones
No. of Items 25 15 20 18
Kindly make it convenient to send the delivery within 15 days of the issue of this letter. I am sure
proper packing of the computers will be taken care of and responsibility for the damage caused during

transportation shall rest with you. I hope future repairs and maintenance of the items will also be
provided by you promptly and satisfactorily. The payment will be made through a crossed cheque to
your agent on receiving the delivery. As negotiated earlier, the company will bear the transportation
charges.
Thanking you
Kavita Patil
(Head of Dept.)
CANCELLATION LETTER
Cancellation letters are formal documents written to inform an individual, organization, or entity of the
sender's decision to terminate, revoke, or cancel a previously agreed-upon arrangement, contract,
subscription, service, reservation, or any other commitment. These letters serve as a formal notification
of the intent to cease the specified agreement or relationship.
Letter of Cancellation Format is as follows:

Sender’s address
The following points should be remembered
Date
while writing a cancellation letter:
Receiver’s
address 1) Clear Identification: Clearly state the
purpose of the letter, which is to cancel a
Subject: _____________________ specific agreement, subscription, service,
Dear Sir/Madam reservation, or commitment.
Body of the letter 2) Provide Details: Include specific details
about the agreement or arrangement being
 formally request the cancellation canceled, such as the account number,
 [Provide a brief explanation of the subscription type, or reservation details.
reason(s) for the cancellation, if 3) Reason for Cancellation: Briefly
necessary.] explain the reason for the cancellation decision,
 [Include relevant details such as account whether it's due to dissatisfaction, financial
number, subscription type, service
constraints, change in circumstances, or any
description, reservation details, etc.]
 Include any instructions regarding refunds, other valid reason.
termination fees, or outstanding balances, 4) Effective Date: Clearly specify the date
if applicable.] on which the cancellation will take effect to
 request confirmation of this cancellation avoid confusion or misunderstandings.
and any necessary steps to finalize the 5) Request for Confirmation: Request
process. acknowledgment or confirmation of the
cancellation from the recipient to ensure that
Thanking you the message has been received and understood.
Name
Designation

6) Refund or Termination Terms: If applicable, outline any terms and conditions related to
refunds, termination fees, or obligations associated with the cancellation.
7) Express Regret (if applicable): If the cancellation is regrettable or affects the recipient
negatively, express sincere regret or apologies for any inconvenience caused.
8) Provide Contact Information: Include contact information for the sender in case the recipient
needs further clarification or assistance regarding the cancellation.
9) Maintain Professionalism: Maintain a professional and respectful tone throughout the letter,
regardless of the reasons for cancellation or any emotions involved.
10) Thankfulness (if applicable): If the recipient provided a service or was part of a beneficial
arrangement before cancellation, express gratitude for their previous assistance or cooperation.
SAMPLE CANCELLATION LETTER
1. You are the librarian of Amla Public School. You had placed an order for textbooks with
Dhanpati and Sons. As the books did not arrive on time, you have decided to cancel the order.
Write a letter to the Manager, Dhanpati & Sons, Chennai, cancelling the order.
Amla Public School
Chennai
641001
10th April, 2022
The Manager
M/s Dhanpati & Sons
Chennai
600001
Subject: Cancellation of our order APS 40/15-16
Dear Sir,
Kindly refer to our above order dated 7th March, 20XX for various textbooks for our school students,
in which the last date of delivery was 31st March, 20XX.
We regret that the books ordered have not been received by us so far.
Since, the new academic session has started and students need to have the books. I hereby cancel the
order due to the non-arrival of books in time. The inconvenience caused is deeply regretted. Kindly
acknowledge receipt of this letter.
Thanking you
Yours faithfully
ABC
(Librarian)

EDITOR LETTERS
A Letter to the Editor is a formal comprehensive letter, addressed to the Editor of a certain publication/
magazine/newspaper with the intent of complimenting, critiquing, informing, or communicating a
certain piece of information. Newspapers, weeklies and magazines play an important role in shaping
public opinion, public minds and decisions about many national and international issues because they
have a large number of readers.
These letters are written to shape public
FORMAT - Letter to the Editor opinion, to share information and ideas, to
Sender’s address increase awareness, to advocate your cause
or to start community conversation. It
Date
takes a position for or against an issue or
Receiver’s address simply inform or both.
The following points should be
Subject
remembered while writing a letter to the
Salutation editor:
1) Express your ideas clearly and
Body of the letter
concisely.
Para 1: Begin your letter with a brief introduction
2) Confine yourself to one topic. Use
stating the purpose of your correspondence. This
simple words, short words, short sentences
may include a reference to a recent article
published in the publication, an issue you feel and short paragraphs.
strongly about, or a topic you believe deserves 3) The letter should be timely and
attention.] newsworthy. Its meaning should be clear.
4) Plan your first sentence carefully. Make
Para 2: Provide your main points, arguments, or it short and interesting.
observations related to the topic. Be concise and 5) If you write to criticize, begin with a
clear in expressing your thoughts. Back up your word of appreciation, agreement or praise.
points with evidence or examples where necessary. A calm, constructive presentation is
If it's a response to a specific article, mention the persuasive.
title and date of publication.] 6) Help supply the truth that may have been
omitted or slanted in reporting the news or
Para 3: Include any relevant personal experiences, editorializing on it.
expertise, or credentials that lend credibility to your 7) Use a relevant experience (a situation in
perspective.] your school district) to illustrate a point.
When rightly (and tightly) told, it can be
Closure sentence. persuasive.
8) Desired steps to rectify the situation
Thank you. should also be mentioned.
Yours truly 9) Close the letter with formal request to
Name/signature solve the problems.

SAMPLE EDITOR LETTERS:
1. An Urban Farm in an Urban Jungle

Can you create functional, green spaces in a crowded city like Mumbai ? ‘Fresh and Local’ is an
initiative to transform underused spaces into productive, community areas through urban
farming. It aims to inspire city residents to make the most use of the spaces that surround them
to grow fruits, herbs and vegetables. Not only can urban farming improve the environment, but
also the health of the city residents.
Kush decides to write a letter to the Editor of a National Daily to raise public awareness about
using the space around them for productive community areas. Use your ideas and ideas from the
unit ‘Environment’ to write the letter in about 120-150 words.
18 Model Town
Mumbai
25 July 2022
The Editor
National Daily News Paper
Mumbai
Subject: Steps to Improve Environment
Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I wish to draw the attention of the general public
towards the underused spaces in crowded cities like Mumbai. These spaces can be best used by taking
some initiative to make them green. We can grow fruits, vegetables and herbs which will help in the
improvement of environment as well as the health of the City residents. Urban farming should not be
taken as a Herculean task. It is only a matter of effort taken to transform these areas/spaces into
productive, community area. Thus, people will be able to breathe and live in pollution free
environment which is good for the health. Conservation of soil and more of greenery will be an added
advantage.
I hope, people will become aware of these underused spaces and take some action after reading this
letter of mine.
Thanking you.
Yours sincerely/truly
Kush
2. You recently visited an important historical monument. You were shocked to find it in a state
of utter neglect Taking help from unit, ‘Travel and Tourism’, the clues given below and with
your own ideas write a letter to the editor of a leading newspaper highlighting the poor condition
of important archaeological and heritage ‘ sites. Point out the lack of essential services, the poor

state of maintenance and its misuse by people. Give suggestions for improving the situation.
Answer:
Road no 2 , D.D.Colony
Hyderabad
25 July 2022
The Editor
The Times of India
New Delhi
Subject: Poor Condition of Heritage Sites
Sir,
Last Sunday I went to visit Taj Mahal along with my parents. I was quite excited but all the excitement
was only short lived as the place was not as beautiful as it should have been. The Taj no doubt, is an
epitome of beauty. But the place outside was littered with plastic plates, broken bottles, leftover food,
etc. Many tourists come to Agra to view Taj but the mess around the monument leaves a bad
impression on the tourists. People must acquire some good civic habits. Dustbins should be provided at
short distances and people should use them. They should throw the wastes and leftovers in the
dustbins. Spitting of pan-masalas should not be done. Children should be taught civic habits right from
the beginning. Parents should ensure that the children are following good habits. There is a dire need to
check all this and to take preventive steps.
Through this letter of mine, I want to create awareness among general public that we must not neglect
our archaeological and heritage sites. We must take good care of them by following good civic habits
and following the code of conduct ethically.
Thanking you.
Yours truly
VJ
3.Write a letter in about 120 words to the Editor of ‘National Herald’, New Delhi, about the
scarcity of water in your locality suggesting ways to improve the position of water supply. You
are Kunal/Karuna of Ghaziabad.
Answer:
522, Railway Colony
Ghaziabad
25 July 2022

The Editor
National Herald
New Delhi
Subject: Poor Water Supply
Sir,
Through the columns of your reputed newspaper, I wish to draw your attention towards the water
supply in our colony. There is a great scarcity of water in our colony. We’re supplied water for only 3-
4 hours in the whole day. The pressure at that time is so low that it is very difficult to finish the chores
in time. Moreover, sometimes the water supplied is dirty and unclean. Most of the times, there is a
power-cut also at the same hours when water is supplied which affects us a lot.
So, I request the concerned authorities to improve the quality of water supplied in our area and increase
the hours of supply so that the residents of our area do not face the problem. Everyone is aware that
water is our basic necessity and we cannot do without it.
I wish and hope our suffering finds a coloumn in your revered newspaper and some positive action will
be taken by the authorities at the earliest.
Thanking you.
Yours truly
Karuna
GENERAL FORMAL LETTERS

General formal letters are written communications that adhere to a formal style and structure. These
letters are typically used for various purposes in professional or official settings and may be addressed
to individuals, organizations, businesses, government agencies, or other entities. They follow a
standardized format and language to convey information, make requests, express concerns, or provide
updates in a professional manner. Some common types of general formal letters include:
Employment Correspondence: Letters concerning employment matters such as job applications,

cover letters, resignation letters, and letters of recommendation.
Official Notices: Letters used for official notifications, announcements, invitations, or reminders, often
sent by government agencies, educational institutions, or organizations.
Request Letters: Letters making formal requests for information, assistance, support, or permission.
Thank-You Letters: Letters expressing gratitude or appreciation for a favor, opportunity, gift, or
gesture.
Apology Letters: Letters offering apologies or expressing regret for any inconvenience, mistake, or
offense caused.
Cover Letters: Letters accompanying documents or submissions, such as resumes, reports, or
proposals, providing context and highlighting key points.

Recommendation Letters: Letters providing a formal endorsement or recommendation for an

individual, typically for employment, education, or other opportunities.
Invitation Letters: Letters inviting individuals or groups to events, meetings, conferences, or other
gatherings.
SAMPLE LETTER
1. Write a letter to the Commissioner of Police of your city requesting him to organise traffic rules
awareness week for the general public. You are Aman/ Amita, 25, Adarsh Nagar, Lucknow.
25, Adarsh Nagar
Lucknow
03 July 2022
The Commissioner of Police

Lucknow Commissionerate
Lucknow
Subject: Request to organise 'Traffic Rules Awareness Week'
Sir,
I am writing to you to bring your attention towards the rising indifference among the riders of our city
towards road safety and awareness of traffic rules. This has become a major problem of Lucknow that's
far from being controlled.
Lives of thousands of riders, bystanders and pedestrians are endangered by the irresponsible behaviour
of some careless riders. We can witness an increasing trend of over-speeding in almost all areas of the
city, a few like Vidhan Bhawan Road being an exception due to the high number of traffic policemen
deployed there.
The problem does not end at over-speeding. Many teenagers below the age of 18 are driving their parents'
vehicles without valid driver's licence. Also, no use of the traffic signals and signal timers, which were
installed after huge expenditure by the government, is seen because there are no traffic policemen who
fine the violators. The CCTV cameras which have been installed to check the culprits aren't just doing
enough good.
There is a pressing need to educate the riders of the city and make them aware of traffic rules, because
they have either forgotten them or they happily engage in deliberate lawlessness by disregarding them.
For this very purpose, I want to request you to plan and organise a 'Traffic Rules Awareness Week' and
maximize its benefit by giving it wide publicity through various media.
Thanking you
Yours sincerely
Aman

Inquiry Letter Writing Tips - some useful language expressions
 We are interested in … and would like you to…

 Would you please tell me…/ send me the information…
 I shall be obliged if you could give me the following information…
 Be polite and formal
 Introduce yourself and mention your requirements
 Ask for detailed information about the product (price, discount, terms and conditions)
Complaint Letter Writing Format -some useful language expressions
 We regret to remind you that…

 I am writing to complain about…
 This is a very shocking/ disturbing use of…
 Describe your opinion clearly
 Say what you would like the receiver to do to redress the complaint (replacement/ refund of
money/ free service)
 Mention your next course of action, if the complaint remains unattended.
 We are sorry to inform you that
Letter To Editor Topics

Some useful language expressions
 Through the esteemed columns of your newspaper, I wish to bring to the notice of the
concerned authorities…
 In my opinion…
 Be polite and formal
 Introduce yourself and describe clearly what your complaint is
 Remember that the newspaper is only a medium to address the issue
 Do not ask the editor to resolve the issue.
Letter of Cancellation Tips

Opening Lines:
 "I am writing to inform you that I wish to cancel my
[subscription/membership/appointment/reservation] with your [company/organization/service]."
 "I regret to inform you that I need to cancel my [order/reservation/appointment] due to
[reason]."
 "This letter serves as a formal notice to cancel my [membership/subscription/order] with
immediate effect."
2. Stating the Reason (if applicable):
 "Due to unforeseen circumstances, I must cancel my [appointment/reservation]."
 "After reconsideration, I have decided to cancel my [membership/subscription] to your service."
 "Because of changes in my schedule, I need to cancel my [order/reservation]."

3. Providing Details:
 "My account number/reference number is [number]."
 "The details of the [subscription/order/reservation] are as follows: [provide details]."
 "The [order/reservation] was made on [date]."
4. Request for Confirmation:
 "Please confirm the cancellation at your earliest convenience."
 "Kindly send a written confirmation of this cancellation."
 "I would appreciate receiving confirmation of the cancellation and any further steps I need to
take."
Letter for Placing Orders Tips

1. Opening Lines:
 "I am writing to place an order for the following items."
 "Please find below the details of my order."
 "I would like to order the following products from your company."
2. Providing Order Details:
 "The details of my order are as follows:"
 "Please supply the following items:"
 "The items I wish to order are listed below:"
 "Item number: [number], Description: [description], Quantity: [quantity], Price: [price]"
 "Enclosed is the purchase order form with all the necessary details."
3. Payment Information:
 "I will be making the payment via [payment method]."
 "Please charge the total amount of [amount] to my [credit card/bank account]."
 "Attached is the payment information for processing the order."
4. Delivery Instructions:
 "Please deliver the items to the following address: [address]."
 "Kindly ensure that the delivery is made by [date]."
 "Please confirm the estimated delivery date."
 "I would like the items to be shipped via [preferred shipping method]."
5. Request for Confirmation:
 "Please confirm the receipt of this order."
 "I would appreciate a confirmation of the order and the estimated delivery date."
 "Kindly send me an acknowledgment of this order."

Analytical Paragraph Writing

An analytical paragraph is a form of descriptive writing which is written on the basis of a given chart,
graph, data, outline, clues, table etc. It requires analysis and comparison of the given facts and drawing
conclusion based on the given data. When writing an analytical paragraph, one should remember to
describe the facts in the best possible manner and cover the information provided. The paragraph must
use clear and crisp language along with providing complete details of the data provided in the question.
FEATURES OF AN ANALYTICAL PARAGRAPH
 It describes the given chart, table, data, graph, cues etc.
 It should be brief and comprehensive (include complete information) at the same time.
 It should state facts that are provided by the chart.
 It is necessary to make use of simple and accurate language.
 It should mention figures and quantities appropriately.
 It is appropriate to use the same tense throughout the analytical paragraph.
 No personal observation or response should be provided.
 It would be preferable to use the passive form of the verb.
TYPES OF ANALYTICAL PARAGRAPHS
Problem and Solution Based: A problem is presented and learners are expected to suggest some
solution based on some logic. They are supposed to support their solution with arguments, reasons
and/or data.
Data Based: Some data is presented in the form of a pie-chart, a bar graph, a line graph, a table or a
combination of any two of these and learners are expected to analyse the data making comparisons and
drawing conclusions and to summarise it in the form of a paragraph.
Information Based: Some information is presented as an input and students are required to process
and understand that information and then summarise it in a paragraph. Sometimes, they may also be
required to give their own opinions or draw their own conclusions, too.
Process Description Based: A flow chart, a diagram, a visual or an info-graphic is presented and
students have to analyse the information it presents, usually a process showing the sequence or
different stages of action in the making of something.
Map Based: Usually, a set of two maps is presented as an input with significant differences in a piece
of land, a landscape or a building plan showing some changes, additions, and alterations therein.
Students are supposed to carefully analyse these changes and summarise them in the form of a
paragraph.
Behaviour, Function, Pattern or Cycle Based: A flow chart, a diagram, a visual or an infographic is
presented as in a process and students have to analyse and summarise the information it presents,
usually the behaviour or pattern or structure of an organism or various traits of the character or profile
of a professional or the life cycle of a species etc.

Similarities and Differences Based: A set of two visuals or diagrams or info-graphics is presented
with one showing marked differences and/ or similarities in comparison with the other. Students are
required to notice and mark those differences and similarities and then summarise them objectively in
the form of a paragraph.
Suggestion or Advice Based: A situation is presented and students are asked to put forth their
suggestions or advice on what the person(s) or organisation(s) involved in it should do. This type is
similar to the problem and solution-based type of analytical paragraphs.
FORMAT OF AN ANALYTICAL PARAGRAPH
An analytical paragraph shall be divided into three parts.
Introduction,
Body of the paragraph, and
Conclusion.
Introduction (explain in one or two lines the subject of the graph given)
Body (explain in detail what the graph is about, use relevant figures, explain
trends, make comparisons and contrasts, divide into sub paragraphs, if
required)
Conclusion (conclude the paragraph giving the overall view or

summary of the graph)
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF AN ANALYTICAL PARAGRAPH

I. The Introduction
The introduction is the first paragraph that should describe in brief what the chart/map/report is about. It
should be like an opening paragraph that introduces the reader to the context of the chart[report/map
given. When writing the introductory paragraph, you need not go into the details. You just need to
mention what is clearly evident from the chart/graph/table/ map given in the question. It is best to write
the introduction in one or two lines.
2. The Body of the Paragraph
This part of the analytical paragraph should contain details of the graph [chart/table given in the
question. It should contain all the important information. It is extremely important to choose the
significant details that should be included in the paragraph.
The body can be broken into two or three subparagraphs depending on the information extracted from
the graph [chart/table. Breaking the body into sub-paragraphs makes it easy for the reader to
understand.

Organizing Information: You should look for the large differences that are very prominent. You can
mention the aspect which is the smallest or the largest in the data given. Any aspects that are similar
should be mentioned next. You should further mention about the aspect that has remained unchanged
or constant throughout.
Comparing Information: If the chart mentions two different parties, for example, men and women,
refer to both of them in the analytical paragraph. If there is any contrast or comparison that could be
drawn, you must present it effectively. If the chart is about a particular time period or highlights trends
of several years, mention each year in a concise manner. If any comparison or contrast can be done for
two or more years, you should write about it too.
[Key Words: For describing the pattern of growth, we can use words and phrases like- ‘rapidly
doubled’, ‘skyrocketed’, ‘striking increase’, ‘peaked’, ‘soared’, ‘declined’, ‘plummeted’, ‘levelled
off’, ‘stagnated’, ‘fluctuating’ , ‘starting to rise’, ‘starting to fall’, ‘drop down’, ‘slightly’, etc.]
Mentioning Quantities: When including numbers and figures, their accuracy must be ensured. There
are a number of ways that can be used to describe quantities. For example, percentage, fraction, ratios,
etc.
[Key Words: When including numbers and figures, the accuracy must be ensured. Quantities can be
described in a number of ways, such as percentage, fraction, ratios etc. For describing quantities, we
can also use words and phrases like ‘one-third of’, ‘nearly one-fourth of’, ‘majority’, ‘on an
average’, ‘twice as much’, ‘almost equal’, ‘the highest’, ‘the lowest’, ‘approximately’, etc.]
Connecting Sentences: If different information or ideas are there, you should use connectors or
linking phrases to link them logically. The sentences of the paragraph should be sequential and
connected rationally.
[Key words: For establishing relationship or contrast, we can make use of words and phrases like-
‘similarly’, ‘in contrast with’, ‘in comparison to’, ‘however’, ‘whereas’, ‘as opposed to’, ‘while’, ‘a
striking difference’, ‘a noticeable difference’, etc.]
3. The Conclusion
The last paragraph should summarise the main idea mentioned and the information in general. It should
be concluding in nature and act as the closing statement. One should keep in mind that one must not
include any personal opinions, conclusions, or observations. You should simply stick to the facts. The
conclusion should include a thesis description, the most important findings from the study, and the
concluding thought.
You need not dispose of the information to write a good analytical paragraph. The key is to choose wisely
the important information, organize it well, state correct facts and summarise it properly
[Key words: For conclusion, we may use words and phrases like ‘overall’, ‘subsequently’, ‘in all’,
‘in a nutshell’, ‘in short’, ‘therefore’, etc.]

Data Oriented Sample Questions
Question 1: Below is a graph given showing birth and death rates in a country from 1901 to 2101.
Write an analytical paragraph (100-150 words).
Answer:
The graph shows birth and death rates starting from
1901 till 2101.
Since 1901, the birth rate has remained more than
the death rate until 2041. Birth rate was 20000 in
1901 and started increasing gradually. It peaked in
1961 to around 65000. From 1961, birth rate has
fluctuated multiple times between 50000 and 60000.
It is expected to decline for the coming years
reaching approximately 42000 by 2101.
On the other hand, the death rate stood at around
10000 in 1901 and then has increased steadily. It is
expected to rise strikingly from 2021 before
levelling off to approximately 60000 between 2061 and 2081. The graph indicates a slight decline in
deaths in the year 2101.
The graph shows the huge gap between birth rate and death during 1961 to 2001. However, this gap is
expected to reduce in the later years. Overall, as opposed to the prevailing trends, the death rate will be
more than the birth rate in the later half of the 21st century.
Question 2: The chart shows the division of household tasks by gender in Great Britain. Write an
analytical paragraph describing the chart given in not more than 200 words.
Answer:
The chart shows the number of minutes per day
spent by British men and women in doing household
tasks. On an average, the women spend about four
hours doing household tasks whereas the men spend
less than two and half hours.
The tasks on which women spend more time than
men include cooking, cleaning house, taking care of
the children and laundry. In doing all these tasks,
women spend approximately 200 minutes which is
almost three times the time spent by men in these
tasks. On the other hand, men spend twice the time than women in doing tasks like gardening and
maintenance of odd jobs in the house. Men spend the highest time, almost 50 minutes, in gardening and
pet care. While the women spend only 30 minutes for these tasks. The time spent by men in washing,
ironing and sewing clothes is as low as 2 minutes per day as opposed to 25 minutes spent by women.
In short, women spend far more time doing household chores than men whilst men prefer to do
gardening, pet care and maintaining odd jobs.

Question 3: The pie chart shows the proportion of people from different households living in
poverty in the UK in 2002. Write an analytical paragraph to describe the information in 100-120
words.
Answer:
The given pie chart illustrates seven different categories
of households living in poverty in the UK in 2002.
It is clearly evident from the pie chart that 26% of the
total poverty-stricken households are those of sole
parents. Single people without children account for the
second highest proportion with 24%. In contrast to
couples without children that accounts for just 9%,
couples with children account for 15% of the poor
households. Single aged persons and aged couples
proportion for 12% together for poor households.
Overall, 14% of all households in the UK were living
under poverty. The younger generation had a greater
poor percentage than their aged counterparts. Couples without children had better economic conditions
than those with children.
Question 4: The following table shows details about the internet activities for six categories for
different age groups. Write an analytical paragraph for the table given in around 150-200 words.
Answer:
The given table suggests the
internet activities of seven age
groups ranging from teens to
those in their seventies for six
different kinds of activities. The
table shows that the younger
generation is more interested in
online games and news, while
the older generation spends time
on the internet to research and
buy products.
It is evident from the table that teens mainly use the internet for games (as high as 81%), news and
downloads and are interested in searching for people or friends or doing any product research. The
middle-age group (people in 20s to 60s) is highly interested in getting news, doing product research
and buying products, the percentage ranging from 70-80%. The internet activity which gets the least
time is searching for people. All the age groups spend less than 30% of their internet time on the same.
The amount of time spent on downloads decreases with age and gets as low as 6% (for people in 70s).
Overall, the table suggests that teenagers are most likely to spend time playing games and doing
downloads. On the other side, older people are interested in researching and buying products. People
spend the least amount of time searching for other people online.

Map Based
Below is a map of the city of Brandfield. City planners have decided to build a new shopping
mall for the area, and two sites, S1 and S2 have been proposed.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant. Write at least 150 words.
Map of Brandfield with two proposed sites for a shopping mall Model Answer
The map illustrates plans for two possible sites

for a shopping mall in the city of Brandfield. It
can be seen that the two sites under
consideration are in the north and the south east
of the town.
The first possible site for the shopping mall, S1,

is just north of the city centre, above the railway
line, which runs from the south east of the city
to the north west. If it is built here, it will be
next to a large housing estate, thus providing
easy access for those living on the estate and in
the city centre. It will also be next to the river
that runs through the town.
The site in the south east, S2, is again just by the railway line and fairly close to the city centre, but it is
near to an industrial estate rather than housing.
There is a main road that runs through the city and is close to both sites, thus providing good road
access to either location. A large golf course and park in the west of the town prevents this area from
being available as a site.
Problem and Solution Based /Argument Based
Q1. Read the following excerpt from an online post of a website on educational practices.
Kids who appreciate how much effort, time and care goes into growing food will understand how
important farmers are, and why it’s important to take care of our Earth. In the world of today,
gardening needs to be given more importance than sports, music and dance in all schools because
it creates environmental stewards and outdoor learning laboratories that help the child and
community for years to come.
Write a paragraph in 100-120 words to analyse the given argument.You could think about what
alternative explanations might weaken the given conclusion and include rationale / evidence that
would strengthen / counter the given argument.

Answer
Argument FOR the subject of the statement:
In the world of today, gardening needs to be
given more importance than sports, music and
dance in all schools. While sports, music and
dance contribute towards personal growth, the
current times mandate attention towards an
issue that is global —nature and natural
processes. With growing food wastage in many
homes today and the urban young believing
that vegetables are grown, harvested at the
super markets, the efforts of the farmers are
discredited. Gardening at school will open a
world of first-hand learning experiences of
sowing, watering and harvesting processes.
Waiting for the saplings to grow will inculcate
sensitivity, patience, empathy, gratitude and
value for one’s hard work. They will feel
accountable for their piece of Mother Earth,
resulting in making them efficient and
enterprising environmental stewards. Unlike
sports, music or dance, gardening goes beyond just enjoyment to create aware and responsible citizens
of the future.
Argument AGAINST the subject of the statement: Gardening, certainly, should not be given
precedence over sports, music and dance in all schools. Gardening at school requires good planning
with hands-on guidance and continued supervision by the teachers. Students tend to lose interest due to
the slow and natural growth progress of plants as well as the investment of continuous hard work.
Small targets or goals would be missing whereas the danger of destruction of their work due to rains,
intrusion of grazing animals or a pest attack is like to set in a feeling of defeat. It may be noted that
sports, music and dance are uplifting activities which display faster results, are enjoyable and inculcate
team spirit, collaboration and confidence. Unlike gardening, setbacks in these activities can be
addressed with some sense of personal control. These activities help students express and de-stress
successfully. So, maintaining their due importance in the school’s co-curriculum is imperative.
Behaviour, Function, Pattern or Cycle Based
Q. 1. Study the concept chart from the self-help magazine section of a monthly publication.
Write a paragraph in not more than 120 words, analysing the listed responses to the situation
when one faces setbacks.
Answer
Setbacks bring the feeling of dejection and despair leaving one with a feeling of disappointment and
sometimes even worse. The given concept chart displays two ways to handle setbacks, for the better or
for the worse — healthy and unhealthy. Healthy processing helps one learn from and let go the emotions
inside. One should believe in oneself. In all of your jobs, expect that you will do well at your job. Your

co-workers enjoy working with people with a ‘can-do’ attitude. Think about what you learned or gained
from each new situation. An optimistic way of seeing a setback processes the ability to feel, reflect, learn
and align. On the contrary, inability to process leads to a block, self-criticism and self-doubt often times,
we tend to wait for the setback to pass before we can move on. Very few times do we actually take up
the deal with the failure head on. Acknowledging it and taking proactive mental and physical action to
minimize the effect is what ‘handing’ a failure gracefully really means. Hence, responding to setbacks
the positive way is empowering as it leads to success.
Process Description Based
The diagram illustrates the process that is used to manufacture bricks for the building industry.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant. Write at least 150 words.
The Brick Manufacturing Process
Answer
The diagram explains the way in

which bricks are made for the
building industry. Overall, there
are seven stages in the process,
beginning with the digging up of
clay and culminating in delivery.
To begin, the clay used to make

the bricks is dug up from the
ground by a large digger. This
clay is then placed onto a metal
grid, which is used to break up
the clay into smaller pieces. A
roller assists in this process.
Following this, sand and water are added to the clay, and this mixture is turned into bricks by either
placing it into a mould or using a wire cutter. Next, these bricks are placed in an oven to dry for 24 –
48 hours.
In the subsequent stage, the bricks go through a heating and cooling process. They are heated in a kiln
at a moderate and then a high temperature (ranging from 200c to 1300c), followed by a cooling process
in a chamber for 2 – 3 days. Finally, the bricks are packed and delivered to their destinations.

Suggestion or Advice Based
Q1. Gurmeet Kaur is an

aspiring candidate for a public-
funded engineering college in
the suburbs. She belongs to a
nearby village, has minimal
technological skills and
exposure, has the required cut-
off percentage and is looking
for a complete or partial
scholarship.
Write a paragraph in about

100-120 words, analysing her
SWOT notes to support your
stand on whether she should
join/not join the college. (5 Marks)
Answer
In favour: The given information illustrates the options Gurmeet would weigh in order to take the right
decision about her admission in a public-funded engineering college. With availability of strong
curriculum, quality faculty and vibrant Activity Clubs, she will be assured of an enriching educational
journey. Though hostel facility is unavailable, she may take up accommodation in the suburbs or choose
to travel daily from her village. Good opportunities of practice-based research, partnership with
professional companies and international students exchange program will enhance her professional and
interpersonal skills. Hard work, responsible behaviour and prudent decision-making could help Gurmeet
thrive in the college even though it has a rigid and conventional culture. The strengths and opportunities
work in favour of Gurmeet. Taking this opportunity will allow her to mend the incorrect public
perception towards public-funded colleges and students’ outlook towards technical subjects.
In against: The given information indicates Gurmeet’s dilemma about seeking admission in a public-
funded college. Though equipped with a strong curriculum, engaging activity clubs and an able faculty,
the college lacks diversity and good conduct among the students, giving rise to concerns of safe
environment for a novice like Gurmeet. Underutilization of IT services will be further detrimental to the
progress of Gurmeet’s educational journey and add to extra costs related to research work. If she does
not qualify for a complete or partial scholarship, arrangement of own accommodation and additional
expense of students exchange programme will increase her expenditure, too. Such a college environment
may dampen her endeavouring spirit. The weakness and threats outweigh the strengths, in case of
Gurmeet. So, it is recommended that Gurmeet does not apply for admission to the said college.

Similarities and Differences Based
The map below shows the development of the village of Ryemouth between 1995 and present.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant. Write at least 150 words.
Sample Answer
The map shows how a village called Ryemouth has developed over the last twenty-five years. There
have been several changes, the most noticeable being the increases in accommodation, the elimination
of the fishing industry, and the introduction of sports facilities.
In 1995, to the south of the village where the sea is there was previously a fishing industry, with a fishing
port and quite a large fish market as well. Next to this was a small cafe. On the other side of the road
running by the sea stood a line of five shops and a hotel, while situated in the north east part of the village
was farmland and a park with trees. The main housing of the village was located in the north west around
a main road that runs from the coastal road, with twelve houses, four of them encircled by a smaller side-
street.
Turning to the present day map, it can be seen that the fishing facilities have all gone, being replaced by
four apartments, and the shops have become restaurants. The cafe remains, as does the hotel, albeit with
parking facilities which it did not have before. Having been converted into a golf course, the farmland
has now gone, while the forest park has been removed to make way for tennis courts. Although the old
houses remain, new ones have been built, along with a new road with two new houses beside it.
***THE END***

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Grade: X Writing Skills Concepts Subject: English__

FORMAT OF A FORMAL LETTER

Salutation: [Respected Sir/Madam,]

Body of the letter:

Complimentary Closing: [Now end the letter with – yours sincerely,

Grade X – English – Writing Page 1 of 32

FEW TYPES OF FORMAL LETTERS

Para II – Technical complaints absolutely sure. Use passive voice to talk of

Grade X – English – Writing Page 2 of 32

SAMPLE COMPLAINT LETTERS

Happy Public School

The Sales Manager

Subject: Replacement of missing and damaged books

Book Author Type of damage

The following is the list of the missing books.

1. Top Letter SK Taneja

Grade X – English – Writing Page 3 of 32

The General Manager

Subject: Inadequate bus services in Ramesh Nagar area

Grade X – English – Writing Page 4 of 32

240, Shahid Nagar

Subject: Complaint about defective washing machine

INQUIRY / ENQUIRY LETTERS The Letter of Inquiry/Enquiry Format is as

Grade X – English – Writing Page 5 of 32

2) Avoid Ambiguity: Use clear language to prevent misunderstandings.

 The department and programme faculty

Grade X – English – Writing Page 6 of 32

Respected Sir/ Madam,

Grade X – English – Writing Page 7 of 32

97, Prashant Vihar

Subject: Inquiry about the accommodation

Grade X – English – Writing Page 8 of 32

Subject: Procedure to get Duplicate Certificates

ORDER PLACING LETTERS Letter of Order Format is as follows:

Subject: Order for musical instruments

Name of the Musical Instruments Quantity

Grade X – English – Writing Page 10 of 32

The Sales Manager

Subject: Order for domestic appliances

Grade X – English – Writing Page 11 of 32

Name of the Items No. of Items Brand

Subject: Order for sports goods

Grade X – English – Writing Page 12 of 32

Cricket balls 10 Leather

Subject: Placement of order for computers and their accessories

Grade X – English – Writing Page 13 of 32

Letter of Cancellation Format is as follows:

Grade X – English – Writing Page 14 of 32

10th April, 2022

Subject: Cancellation of our order APS 40/15-16

Grade X – English – Writing Page 15 of 32

Grade X – English – Writing Page 16 of 32

SAMPLE EDITOR LETTERS:

1. An Urban Farm in an Urban Jungle

Subject: Steps to Improve Environment

Grade X – English – Writing Page 17 of 32

Subject: Poor Condition of Heritage Sites

Grade X – English – Writing Page 18 of 32

Subject: Poor Water Supply