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    CH 8-Electromagnetic Waves: Lect-01

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    CH 8-Electromagnetic Waves: Lect-01

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    8 views27 pages

    CH 8-Electromagnetic Waves: Lect-01

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    Ch 8-

    Electromagnetic Waves
    Lect-01
    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21
    Today’s Goal
    Displacement
    Current

    Maxwell’s Equation

    06-10-2020
    Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21
    MAXWELL’S
    DISPLACEMENT CURRENT

    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21


    1. In 1831, Michael Faraday gave Faraday’s Laws of
    electromagnetic induction , according to which a
    change in magnetic flux produces an induced emf

    Changing Magnetic Field


    Produces an Electric
    Field

    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21


    2. So, a “changing Magnetic field produces an Electric
    Field”
    3. Now the Question arises “ Can changing Electric
    Field produce a Magnetic Field ??”

    4.
    YES BACHOOO!!

    James Clerk Maxwell


    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21
    Maxwell’s Experiment to Prove his point

    Consider a Parallel Plate


    Capacitor being Charged
    by a battery
    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21
    Idea of Displacement Current
    ➢Maxwell said that not only current produces
    magnetic field but a changing Electric Field in
    vacuum/free space also produces magnetic field.

    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21


    Displacement Current : A current due to
    changing Electric Field (or electric flux)

    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21


    Q1) Prove that the conduction current (ic) and displacement
    current (id) are equal (have property of continuity)

    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21


    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21
    Modification of Ampere’s Circuital Law

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    Properties of displacement Current
    1. It is not conventional current, As it produces
    Magnetic Field, so it is called a current.
    2. It exists only when there is a change in Electric
    Field (electric Flux)
    3. It does not exist under steady conditions
    4. Together with the conduction current, displacement
    current satisfies the property of continuity.

    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21


    Q2) A parallel plate capacitor with plate area A and
    separation between the plates d, is charged by a constant
    current i. Consider a plane surface area A/2 parallel to the
    plates and drawn simultaneously between the plates. The
    displacement current through this area is
    a) i
    b) i/2
    c) i/4
    d) i/8

    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21


    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21
    Q3) The voltage between the plates of a parallel-plate
    capacitor of capacitance 1.0μF is changing at the rate of 5 V/s.
    What is the displacement current in the capacitor?
    a) 5μA
    b) 10μA
    c) 15μA
    d) ZERO

    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21


    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21
    Q4) A parallel plate capacitor of Capacitance 5μF is being
    charged so that the current has a steady value of 100 mA.
    Calculate: Rate of change of Potential difference between the
    plates
    𝑲𝑽
    a) 200
    𝒔
    𝑲𝑽
    b) 100
    𝒔
    𝑲𝑽
    c) 40
    𝒔
    𝑲𝑽
    d) 20
    𝒔
    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21
    Important Note:

    Electric Field induced


    due to changing
    Magnetic Field is
    Perpendicular to the
    Magnetic Field
    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21
    Magnetic Field induced
    due to changing
    Electric Field is
    Perpendicular to the
    Electric Field

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    Maxwell’s equation

    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21


    Maxwell’s Equation
    ➢All the basic principles of ElectroMagnetism can be
    explained in terms of FOUR fundamental equations
    called Maxwell’s Equation.

    ➢ Maxwell did not discovered FOUR equations, but he


    worked on them & stated that these FOUR
    fundamental equations define complete
    ElectroMagnetism

    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21


    1. Gauss Law of Electrostatics
    𝟏
    Electric Flux through a closed surface is times
    𝜺𝟎
    the total charge ‘q’ enclosed by surface

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    2. Gauss Law of Magnetism
    Magnetic Flux through any closed surface is
    always ZERO

    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21


    3. Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic
    Induction
    Charge in Magnetic Flux induces an emf
    OR
    Changing Magnetic Field induces an Electric
    Field

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    4. Ampere-Maxwell Law

    Changing Electric Field induces a Magnetic Field

    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21


    06-10-2020 Physicswallah Lakshya Batch 2020-21
    Web Version of PW App : https://physicswallah.live/

    Thank You
    Download lecture notes of
    this lecture right after this
    session .

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