Lesson 1

Characteristics and classification of living organisms

Biology is the study of living things or living organisms.
Living organisms are divided into 5 groups or kingdoms .These kingdoms are:
1. Plants 2. Animals 3. Fungi 4. Protoctists. 5. Prokaryotes
Plants, animals and fungi are multicellular. They have many cells. Prokaryotes are
unicellular. They have one cell. Protoctists have no cells.

There are 7 characteristics of living organisms.

1. Nutrition
Nutrition is the taking of food nutrients and use them for growth , development
and repair.
Animals and humans get their food from animals and plants. The process of taking
in food is called ingestion .
Nutrition in plants is different.
Plants make their own food from the sun lights , water and soil by photosynthesis
process . Plants convert simple sugars into cellulose and proteins.

2. Respiration involves chemical reactions that releases energy. Oxygen is

needed for respiration.
Glucose+ oxygen >> carbon dioxide + water
3. Movement
The ability of a living organism to move parts of its body or the whole form place
to another.
4. Growth
The increase in size , cell size , cell number or both in the living organism .
Animals stop growing when they reach a certain age.
5. Excretion
The removal of waste materials made in cells during metabolism.
For example, sweat, urine and carbon dioxide.
6. Sensitivity
The ability to detect and respond to stimuli.
7. Reproduction
The process in which new organisms (offsprings ) are produced .

Differences between plants and animals in the way the feed, grow , use of senses , respire and
move.
Process Plants Animals
 Nutrition ▪️ plants make their own ▪️Animals feed on other animals or
food. other plants.
▪️ plants use sunlight to ▪️ animals eat, digest, absorb and
make food from the air , assimilate nutrients.
water and nutrients from
the soil.
▪️ plants form sugar through
photosynthesis.
Growth ▪️ plants grow throughout ▪️animals grow only up to a certain
their life. age.
Sensitivity ▪️plants don't have sense ▪️animals have sense organs.
organs.
Respiration ▪️plants respire with the ▪️ animals respire with the help of
help of pores present on special organs like lungs, grills
their leaves and stems. and trachea .
▪️ plants take in carbon
dioxide and give out oxygen. ▪️ animals breathe in oxygen and
give out carbon dioxide.
Movement ▪️ plants move very slowly in their ▪️ animals move from one place to
place. another.

EXERCISES
1.Answer these questions.
Question 1
1. How do plants respire ?
2. Where do animals get their food from ?
3. How many groups of living organisms are there? What are they ?
4. A car moves. Is it a living thing ? Why ? Why not ?
5. What are the 7 characteristics of living organisms ?

Question 2
2. Are these statements TRUE or FALSE ? Correct the false ones.
1. Animals get their food in the same way like plants.
2. The process of taking food in animals is called photosynthesis.
3. Animals stop growing at a certain age.
4. Reproduction is a shared characteristic among living organisms.

Question' 3
Match each feature with its definition.
A) movement. B) sensitivity. C) respiration. D) nutrition.
E) growth

1. A permanent increase in size. ..........

2. The chemical reactions that occur in cells to break down nutrients with the
release of energy. .......
3. An action by an organism to cause a change in position or place. ............
4. The ability to detect changes in the environment and respond to them. ..............
5. The taking in of materials from the environment for energy , growth and
development. ............
Question 4
1.Plants and animals are two groups of living organisms. Find out and describe
how plants differ from animals in the ways in which they:
a. feed. b. move. c. grow. d. use their senses
2. Energy is released during a process of............. .
a. movement b. excretion. d. growth. d. respiration
3. Animals move ..............
a. to search for food. c. to escape from danger or enemies
b. to search for shelter. d. all of the above
4. Which of the following is NOT a product of excretion ?
a. carbon dioxide. b. energy. c. urine. d. sweat
5. Which of the following is NOT true about plants ?
a. They make their own food. c. They move from one place to another
b. They need sunlight for energy. d. Non of the above

Question 5
Write the correct life process against each statement.
1. Eating your dinner . ...........................
2. Urinating . .........................
3. Getting older . .........................
4. Sweating after running. ......................
5. Waving at your sibling . .........................
6. Taking your hand away when you touch something hot . ........................

Question 6
Fill in the spaces with suitable words in the box.
energy. respond. nutrients. ingestion.
excretion

1. ............. is the removal of waste materials from the body.

2. The process of taking in food in animals is called ..................
3. Plants .............. to movement of the sun by moving their leaves to face the light.
4. ............. are food elements such as carbohydrates , proteins and vitamins.
5. Animals have to eat other animals to get ..................... .

Question 7
Answer these questions:
1. How do plants move when they grow ?
2. Describe the characteristics of living organisms by defining all terms .
3. What is the difference between egestion and excretion ?
4. Name the process in which living organisms obtain energy .
Lesson (2 ) Classification

Objectives :
1.define the terms [classification, species , phylum and genus.]
2. describe the importance of classification.
3. mention the kingdom levels of divisions.

Classification means putting things into groups with shared characteristics. Organisms are
classified into 7 groups called kingdoms. The largest grouping is the kingdom and the smallest is
the species. Classification of organisms goes through 7 levels .
An easy way to remember them is in this sentence. " King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti."
Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species.
Each kingdom is subdivided into groups called phyla .
Species is a group of organisms with similar features that breed together to produce fertile
offspring. Horses and donkeys belong to the same kingdom, phylum, class, order, family as well
as genus but they are from different species. For example - If a donkey and horse happen to
breed, they produce infertile offspring called a mule.
Phylum - plural (phyla) is a basic subdivision used to classify living organisms. Phyla is divided
into subdivisions: Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species. Living organisms share some
features but they also have different features.
A genus is a group of species with similar features. There are thousands of living organisms in
the kingdoms of animals and plants. They have similar features and different features as well.
Scientists believe there are important reasons to classify organisms.
1. It helps scientists to sort out organisms in order.
2. It helps scientists to study the evolution of organisms.
3. It is easier to study organisms when they are sorted in groups.

Classification of living organisms

In biology, classification means putting living organisms with similar features into groups.
Because there are thousands and thousands of living organisms , scientists started to think of
finding ways to classify the living organisms into groups . Living organisms are classified into 7
groups . These groups are : 1. The kingdom 2. The phylum -- phyla is singular .3. Class 4. Order 5.
Family 6. Genus 7. Species. The largest group is the kingdom and the smallest group is the
species. An easy way to remember these seven groups is in this sentence. King Philip Came Over
For Good Spaghetti. Classification is important because it helps scientists to give names to living
organisms.
1.The kingdom is a group of phylum . It includes all animals.
2. The phylum is a group of classes. It includes all kordate animals with backbones - warm-
blooded animals such as humans , cats, dogs.
3. Class is a group of orders. It includes :
- all mammals with hair and fur such as warm-blooded animals such as humans , dogs and
cats.
- Reptiles such as lizards, crocodiles and snakes.
- equatic organisms which lay eggs and have gills such as bony fish.
4. Order: is a group of families . It includes mammals with hands and feet such as dolphins ,
whales, lions, monkeys and humans.
5. Family is a group of genera - singular is genus. Family includes apes , primitive humans and
modern humans.
6. Genus is a group of species. Genus is the name used to describe an organism .
7. Species is a group of organisms with similar features that can breed together to produce fertile
offspring. Horses and donkeys belong to the same kingdom, phylum, class , order, family and
genus but they are from different species. So, when a donkey breeds with a horse , they produce
infertile offspring called mule.

Exercises
1. Define these words:
[classification - species - phylum - genus ]
2. What levels do scientists use to classify organisms ?
3. What is the importance of classification ?
4. How can you remember the levels of the kingdom classification of the living organisms ?
5. Which of the following is the fifth level of classification?
a. Order b. Kingdom c. Family d. Phylum e. Species

6. Are these statements True or false ? Correct the false ones .

a. Species is the largest group.
b. Classification makes it easier for scientists to learn about similarities and
differences among organisms.
c. Horses and donkeys belong to the same species.
d. A male mule can breed with a female donkey.

7. Identify the correct sequence of the levels from smallest to largest .

a. species > phylum > genus > family > kingdom
b. species > genus > fylum > family > kingdom
c. species > genus > family > phylum > kingdom
8. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
a. .......... is the smallest group level in the kingdom classification .
b. .......... is the division level that comes after the kingdom.
c. King.......... came over for a good spaghetti.
d. A group of species with similar features is called................ .
Lesson (4 )
Binomial System
It is an international system to name organisms using Latin and Greek languages. Two names for
each species. A scientific name is for the genus and a common name is for the species. The first
name is for genus and the second name is for the species . The scientific name consists of two
names . For example, a man or a woman has two names. The common name is human and the
scientific name is Homo sapiens . The scientific name must start with a capital letter. Scientists
prefer to use scientific names because theMore examples are shown in the following table :

Common name Scientific name

meerkat Suricata suricatta
cat Falis cactus
horse Equus ferus
malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus
baobab tree Adansonia digitata
cholera bacterium Vibrio cholerae
dog Canis lupus

Scientists have looked at the similarities and differences between organisms. They have looked
at the morphology (outer structure of a living organism) and anatomy (internal structure of a living
organism ) . But this way was not accurate enough . Now , scientists use the sequences of bases
in DNA in living organisms to find more accurate information about the living organisms.

EXERCISES
1. Define the following terms:
a. Binomial system. b. Morphology. c. Anatomy
2. Given below is the scientific name of Man. Identify the correctly written name.
a. homo sapiens
b. Homo Sapiens
c. Homo sapiens
3. What is the scientific name for the following ?
a. dog ........................... c. malaria parasite ......................................
b. mangoose ............................ d. Cholera bacterium
4. Homo sapiens is a scientific name for a human . What do the two parts of this name refer to ?
a. genus and family. c. kingdom and genus
b. genus and species. d. phylum and species
4. Why do scientists use the DNA ?
5. Do the summary questions in your Course book page 5.
6. Write the scientific names in the correct way.
a. Suricatta Suricatta
b. pleurotus ostreatus
c. Cholerae Vibrio
d. canis Lupus

Lesson 4. Features of living organisms

Feature Kingdom of Kingdom Fungi Protoctists Prokaryotes

plants of animals (bacteria)
Cell - multicellular - multicellular - most fungi - many are - prokaryotic
compositio are unicellular and (bacteria) have
n multicellular some are simple cell
except yeasts multicellular. structure without
are single nucleus. The cell
celled. structure is
different from
animals or plant
cells. No
chloroplast or
metacondria .
- prokaryotic - prokaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic prokaryotic
Type of cell
Cell wall Plants have cell Animals have . bacteria have cell
and cell membrane and cell membranes and cell
membrane cell walls. membranes walls.
but not cell
presence
walls.
Growth Growth occurs Growth occurs . Unicellular
in special parts throughout the Protoctists
such as tips of body. include
roots and plasmodium
stems. parasites
which cause
malaria
Nutrition The roots Animals get Fungi feed on
absorb water their food by dead or
 and salts from eating other decaying
the soil. animals or matter .
All plants have eating plants.
chlorophyll and
carry out
photosynthesis
using light to
make their own
food.
Production

10th grade Quiz

Q1. Answer these questions.

1. Fill in the blanks with words in the box.

order. nutrients. features. respond. family. sensitivity.

nutrition
 1) The ability to detect changes in the environment and respond to them is
called................. .
2) Plants ................. respond to movement of the sun by moving their leaves to
face the light.
3) ...................... is the division level comes between Class and Fylum .
4) .................. are food elements such as carbohydrates, proteins , vitamins.
5) Putting things into groups with shared ...................... is called classification.

Q2. Answer these questions:

1) Why do animals move ? Give 3 reasons.
a)................................................ c) ......................................
b) ...........................................................
2) How do plants get their food ?
...................................................................................................................................
.......
............................................................................................................

3) Name the life process in which organisms is obtain energy .

...................................................................................................... .
4)

Q3. Are these statements TRUE or FALSE ?

1. Reproduction is a shared characteristic among living organisms.
T. /. . F
2. Animals continue to grow throughout their lives.
T. /. F
3. Energy is released during the process of movement .
T. /. F
4. Horses and donkeys don't belong to the same species .
T. /. F
5. Urine is NOT a product of excretion. T.
/. F

Q4. Define these words:

 1.
Nutrition: ..........................................................................................................................
... .
2.
Respiration: .....................................................................................................................
........ .
3.
Excretion: ........................................................................................................................
..... .
4. : ............................................................................................................................. .

September Test - Biology

Q1. Define the following terms.

1. Sensitivity
2. Reproduction
3. Species
4. Excretion

Q2. Fill in the blanks with words in the box .

1. Living organisms are divided into ...... groups or kingdoms.

2. ............. make their own food from sun light , water and soil.

3. The scientific name of human is ............... .................... .

The.................. system is used for naming organisms.

Q3. Give the term that matches with definition.

1. This term means " the study of living things or

organisms. .....................
2. A permanent increase in size. ......................... .
3. The largest group in the classification of the living
organisms. .......................... .
4. A group of species with similar features . .......................... .

Q4 . Are these statements TRUE or FALSE ? Correct the false ones .

1. Horses and donkeys belong to the same species. T. F

Q5. Name the SEVEN groups in the classification of organisms from

largest to smallest .
............... ................. ................... .................... .......................... ....
.............

Q6. Plants and animals are two groups of living organisms. Describe
how animals differ from plants in
ways in which they: a) feed. b) move. c) grow

Feature ANIMALS PLANTS

Q7. Choose the correct answer ( a). , (b). , (c) or (d) .

1. Which of the following is NOT true about plants ?
a) they make their own food
b) they need sunlight for energy
c) they move from one place to another
d) none of the above
2. Vibrio cholera for cholera bacterium. What do the two parts of
this name refer to ?
a) genus and family
b) genus and species
c) kingdom and genus
d) phylum and species

3. One of the following activities refers to growth.

a) sweating and running
b) eating your lunch
c) getting older
d) breeding to make fertile offspring

Features of Living Organisms

All living organisms are made up of cells . A cell is the basic unit of a living
organism. A cell consists of cell membrane , cytoplasm and DNA. In the
cytoplasm , there are ribosomes. Ribosomes carry out protein synthesis and
enzymes in the process of respiration.
There are two types of cells:
1.Prokaryotic cells (cells without nucleus).
2. Eukaryotic cells ( cells with real nucleus).

The table below shows some features in the five kingdoms.

Viruses don't belong to any of the five kingdoms because they are not cells and
they don't have cells . They are a few genes (DNA or RNA) inside a protein coat.
They are parasites that enter the cells of another organism (the host ) in order to
multiply (make new viruses). Their classification is based on the genetic material
and the protein coat they have. Viruses are measured by nanometer. They can be
seen only by an electronic microscope.
Measuring units
1 centimetre = 10 millimetres
1 milimeter = 1000th of a micrometer
1 micrometer = 1000th of a nanometer

Lesson
Vertebrates
Vertebrates are animals that have vertebral columns or backbones. All
vertebrates have an internal skelton which is made of either bones or cartilages.
Vertebrates belong to the phylum chordata which includes some invertebrates
that share some similar features with .
There are FIVE main groups of vertebrates. To remember them , use this: FARM-
Birds.
1) Fish. 2) Amphibians 3) Reptiles 4) Mammals 5) Birds
The table below, shows the features of vertebrates.
Features Fish Amphibian Reptiles Mammals Birds
s
Body Fish have Amphibian Reptiles Mammals Birds have
covering streamline s have have dry have hair or feathers
d bodies. smooth scaly skins fur. and two
Skin is moist to cut down legs . They
covered skins. water loss. have front
with limbs to
scales. make
wings.
They don't
have teeth
but they
have peaks.
Habitat Fish live Most Reptiles Most Most of
in water amphibians live in dry mammals birds can
but some live on land regions. live on land fly but
can and some except some can't.
survive to live in whales and e.g.
stay out of water. dolphins penguins
water for live in and
some water. ostriches.
time. e.g.
mud
skipper.
Breathing Fish On land, Reptiles All Birds
breathe adult have lungs mammals breathe
dissolved amphibians to breathe. including oxygen
oxygen in have lungs whales and from the
water for dolphins air.
using their breathing. have lungs
gills. But when to breathe.
 they go to
water , they
use their
skins for
breathing.
Breeding Fish Amphibian Fertilisation Fertilisation Fertilisation
reproduce s return to is internal. is internal. is internal.
by laying water to Most They lay
eggs. breed. reptiles lay eggs to
Fertilisation eggs. reproduce.
is internal.
They lay
eggs.
Developme Developme Developme Developme Developme
nt nt is nt is nt is nt is
external. external. internal. external.
Examples tuna, frogs , crocodiles , hawks ,
herring , toads and lizards , eagles ,
shark , cat salamander snakes and sparrows ,
fish and . turtles. parrots and
cod. starlings.

Invertebrates

Invertebrates are animals without backbones.

Arthropods‫ المفصليات‬are the largest in the animal kingdom. Arthropods have segmented
bodies, external skeleton (exoskeleton) and jointed legs.
There are four types of arthropods.
1.Crustaceans 2. Arachnids 3. Myriapods. 4. Insects.
To remember this, use the the word CAMI .

1. Crustaceans ‫القشريات‬
Body consists of cephalothorax (head and chest) and abdomen. Many have exoskeletons
.
Crustaceans have antennas and compound eyes. They have between 5 to 20 pairs of
legs. Nearly all live in water . Some crabs live on land but they return to water to breed.
Crustaceans breathe through lungs.
Examples: crabs , shrimps , crayfish and lobsters.

2. Arachnids ‫العنكبيات‬
Body consists of cephalothorax and abdomen. They have 4 pairs of legs. They don't have
wings or antennas . They live on land.
Examples:
scorpions, ticks and mites.

3. Myriapods ‫كثيرات األرجل‬

There are two types of myriapods: centipedes and multipedes. Bodies are long with
many segments. Each segment has 2 pairs of legs. Centipedes move fast but multipedes
move slowly. Multipedes have 2 pairs of legs.

4. Insects
This is the largest group within the arthropods. Bodies consist of cephalothorax and
abdomen. The thorax has 3 pairs of legs , antennas and compound eyes. Most of them
live on land but some live in water. The can fly. They breathe through spiracles .
Examples: beetles, flies , cockroaches, dragonflies, butterflies , moths, bees and wasps.

Exercises on vertebrates ..continued

Q1.Choose the correct answer A , B , C. or D.
1. Which of the following vertebrates have hair and fur ?
a. reptiles. b. mammals. c. Amphibians. d. birds
2. Fish take in oxygen through their...
a. scales b. fins. c. gills. d. skins
3. A vertebrate that spends part of its life in water and part on land is called......
a. a reptile. b. a bird. c. a mammal d. an amphebian
4. Which of the following animals lay eggs ?
a. whales. b. bats. c. crocodiles. d. tigers
5. Which group of vertebrates include those with scaly skin and four legs ?
a. amphebians. b. fish. c. mammals. d. reptiles
6. Which is an example of morphological feature used in classifying vertebrates ?
a. egg laying b. type of body covering c. type of diet. d. pattern of bones

Q2. Correct the following statements.

1. Whales and dolphins lay eggs.

2. Reptiles have smooth and moist skins.

3. All birds can fly.

4. In mammals, fertilisation is external.

5. In reptiles , development is internal.

Exercises on invertebrates.
Q1. Choose the correct answer A , B , C. or D.
1. Which of the following arthropod groups has 4 pairs of legs ?
a. arachnids. b. insects. c. crustaceans. d. myriapods
2. Which is the largest group in the arthropods?
a. arachnids. b. insects. c. crustaceans. d. myriapods
3. One of the following is NOT a type of arthropods.
a. arachnids. b. birds. c. insects. d. myriapods
4. One of the following is NOT a type of arachnids.
a. a scorpion. b. a cockroach. c. a mite. d. a tick
5. Which group of animals includes a segmented body , an exoskeleton and pointed
limbs?
a. amphebians . b.arthropods. c. reptiles d. vertebrates

Q1. Put (✓ ) or ( x ) .
1. Viruses are measured by nanometers. (. )
2. Amphibians have smooth and moist skins. (. )
3. Insects are the smallest group within arthropods. (. )
4. Female dolphins and female whales give birth to their young. (. )
5. Shrimps and lobsters belong to Myriapods. (. )
6. Centipedes and multipedes are Myriapods. (. )
Q2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. All living organisms are made up of ................. .
2. .............. are vertebrates that have fur or hair.
3. Some birds can't fly such as ................. .
4. The skin in .............. is covered with scales.

Q3. Choose the correct answer , A. , B. , C. or D .

1. One of the following is NOT a type of insects.
a) a bee. b) a cockroach. c) a scorpion. d) a wasp
2. All the following are types of fish except:
a) salamander. b) shark. c) cod. d) tuna
3. Which group of animals includes those with a segmented body , an exoskeleton and
pointed limbs?
a) amphibians. b) arthropods. c) reptiles. d) mammals
4. Fish take in oxygen through their............
a) scales. b) fins. c) gills. d) skins

Here’s a quiz on vertebrates and invertebrates to test students’

understanding of the topic:

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is a characteristic of vertebrates?

a) They have a backbone
b) They are cold-blooded
c) They have no nervous system
d) They have exoskeletons

2. Which of the following animals is an invertebrate? a) Frog

b) Snake
c) Jellyfish
d) Parrot

3. Which of these groups includes only vertebrates? a) Fish, reptiles, and

birds
b) Worms, insects, and mollusks
c) Arthropods, annelids, and cnidarians
d) Sponges, cnidarians, and echinoderms

4. What is the main difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?

a) Vertebrates are all warm-blooded.
b) Invertebrates have a skeleton, while vertebrates do not.
c) Vertebrates have a backbone, while invertebrates do not.
d) Invertebrates can breathe underwater.

5. Which of the following animals has an exoskeleton? a) Dog

b) Butterfly
c) Turtle
d) Lizard

True or False
6. All vertebrates have a backbone. True / False
7. Invertebrates make up more than 95% of all animal species. True /
False
8. A snake is considered an invertebrate because it slithers. True /
False
9. All mammals are vertebrates. True / False
10. Invertebrates can be found on land and in water. True / False

Short Answer

11. Name two examples of vertebrates.

Answer: ___________

12. Give two examples of invertebrates.

Answer: ___________

13. What do vertebrates have that invertebrates lack?

Answer: ___________

14. What is an exoskeleton and which type of animals usually have it?

Answer: ___________

15. List three classes of vertebrates.

Answer: ___________

Matching (Match the animal to its category)

16. Match the following animals to whether they are vertebrates or

invertebrates:

A) Octopus.
B) Frog.
C) Ant.
D) Horse
E) Crab
F) Dolphin

Categories:

Vertebrate

Invertebrate

Quiz B
Q1. Put (✓ ) or ( x ) .
1. Viruses are measured by nanometers. (. )
2. Amphibians have smooth and moist skins. (. )
3. Insects are the smallest group within arthropods. (. )
4. Female dolphins and female whales give birth to their young. (. )
5. Shrimps and lobsters belong to Myriapods. (. )
6. Centipedes and multipedes are Myriapods. (. )
7. All vertebrates have a backbone. True / False
8. Invertebrates make up more than 95% of all animal species. True / False
9. A snake is considered an invertebrate because it slithers. True / False
10. All mammals are vertebrates. True / False
11. Invertebrates can be found on land and in water. True / False

Q2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. All living organisms are made up of ................. .
2. .............. are vertebrates that have fur or hair.
3. Some birds can't fly such as ................. .
4. The skin in .............. is covered with scales.

Q3. Choose the correct answer , A. , B. , C. or D .

1. One of the following is NOT a type of insects.
a) a bee. b) a cockroach. c) a scorpion. d) a wasp
2. All the following are types of fish except:
a) salamander. b) shark. c) cod. d) tuna
3. Which group of animals includes those with a segmented body ,
an exoskeleton and pointed limbs?
a) amphibians. b) arthropods. c) reptiles. d) mammals
4. Fish take in oxygen through their............
a) scales. b) fins. c) gills. d) skins
5. Which of the following vertebrates have hair and fur ?
a. reptiles. b. mammals. c. Amphibians. d. birds
6. Fish take in oxygen through their...
a. scales b. fins. c. gills. d. skins
7. Which of the following is a characteristic of vertebrates?
a) They have a backbone. c) They have no nervous system
b) They are cold-blooded. d) They have exoskeletons
8. Which of the following animals is an invertebrate?
a) Frog. b) Snake. c) Jellyfish. d) Parrot

9. What is the main difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?

a) Vertebrates are all warm-blooded.
b) Invertebrates have a skeleton, while vertebrates do not.
c) Vertebrates have a backbone, while invertebrates do not.
 d) Invertebrates can breathe underwater.

10. Which of the following animals has an exoskeleton?

a) Dog. b) Butterfly. c) Turtle. d) Lizard
11. A vertebrate that spends part of its life in water and part on land is called......
a reptile. b. a bird. c. a mammal d. an amphebian
12. Which of the following animals lay eggs ?
a. whales. b. bats. c. crocodiles. d. tigers
13. Which group of vertebrates include those with scaly skin and four legs ?
a. amphebians. b. fish. c. mammals. d. reptiles
14. Which is an example of morphological feature used in classifying vertebrates ?
a. egg laying b. type of body covering c. type of diet. d. pattern of bones