Twenty most frequently asked interview questions and answers

(Ten from your specialisation and ten HR questions)

Date:

Technical Questions and answers

1.Explain Artificial Intelligence and give its applications.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a field of Computer Science focuses on creating systems that can perform
tasks that would typically require human intelligence, such as recognizing speech, understanding
natural language, making decisions, and learning. We use AI to build various applications, including
image and speech recognition, natural language processing (NLP), robotics, and machine learning
models like neural networks.

2.How are machine learning and AI related?

Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are closely related but distinct fields within the
broader domain of computer science. AI includes not only machine learning but also other
approaches, like rule-based systems, expert systems, and knowledge-based systems, which do not
necessarily involve learning from data. Many state-of-the-art AI systems are built upon machine
learning techniques, as these approaches have proven to be highly effective in tackling complex,
data-driven problems.

3.What is Deep Learning based on?

Deep learning is a subfield of machine learning that focuses on the development of artificial neural
networks with multiple layers, also known as deep neural networks. These networks are particularly
effective in modelling complex, hierarchical patterns and representations in data. Deep learning is
inspired by the structure and function of the human brain, specifically the biological neural networks
that make up the brain.

4.Explain TensorFlow.

TensorFlow is an open-source platform developed by Google designed primarily for high-

performance numerical computation. It offers a collection of workflows that can be used to develop
and train models to make machine learning robust and efficient. TensorFlow is customizable, and
thus, helps developers create experiential learning architectures and work on the same to produce
desired results.

5. What are the pros of cognitive computing.

Cognitive computing is a type of AI that mimics human thought processes. We use this form of
computing to solve problems that are complex for traditional computer systems. Some major
benefits of cognitive computing are:

• It is the combination of technology that helps to understand human interaction and provide
answers.
 • Cognitive computing systems acquire knowledge from the data.

• These computing systems also enhance operational efficiency for enterprises.

6. What Are the Different Types of Machine Learning?

The three main types of machine learning are supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and
reinforcement learning:

• Supervised learning

Algorithms use labeled examples to make predictions. This is useful when you know what the
outcome should be.

• Unsupervised learning

Algorithms organize data or describe its structure to label data points. This is useful when you don't
know what the outcome should be.

• Reinforcement learning

Algorithms learn from outcomes and decide what action to take next. This is useful for automated
systems that need to make many small decisions without human guidance.

There is also semi-supervised learning, which is similar to supervised learning but uses both labeled
and unlabeled data.

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that trains algorithms to make predictions
or decisions based on data. Each type of machine learning uses different methods for processing and
learning from data.

7. What is Overfitting, and How Can You Avoid It?

The Overfitting is a situation that occurs when a model learns the training set too well, taking up
random fluctuations in the training data as concepts. These impact the model’s ability to generalize
and don’t apply to new data.

When a model is given the training data, it shows 100 percent accuracy—technically a slight loss.
But, when we use the test data, there may be an error and low efficiency. This condition is known as
overfitting.

There are multiple ways of avoiding overfitting, such as:

• Regularization. It involves a cost term for the features involved with the objective function

• Making a simple model. With lesser variables and parameters, the variance can be reduced

• Cross-validation methods like k-folds can also be used

• If some model parameters are likely to cause overfitting, techniques for regularization like
LASSO can be used that penalize these parameters
8. What is ‘training Set’ and ‘test Set’ in a Machine Learning Model? How Much Data Will You
Allocate for Your Training, Validation, and Test Sets?

There is a three-step process followed to create a model:

• Train the model

• Test the model

• Deploy the model

Training Set Test Set

• The test set is used to test the accuracy

• The training set is examples given to the
of the hypothesis generated by the
model to analyze and learn
model
• 70% of the total data is typically taken
• Remaining 30% is taken as testing
as the training dataset
dataset
• This is labeled data used to train the
• We test without labeled data and then
model
verify results with labels

Consider a case where you have labeled data for 1,000 records. One way to train the model is to
expose all 1,000 records during the training process. Then you take a small set of the same data to
test the model, which would give good results in this case.

But this is not an accurate way of testing. So, we set aside a portion of that data called the ‘test set’
before starting the training process. The remaining data is called the ‘training set’ that we use for
training the model. The training set passes through the model multiple times until the accuracy is
high, and errors are minimized.

Now, we pass the test data to check if the model can accurately predict the values and determine if
training is effective. If you get errors, you either need to change your model or retrain it with more
data.

Regarding the question of how to split the data into a training set and test set, there is no fixed rule,
and the ratio can vary based on individual preferences.

9.What Are the Three Stages of Building a Model in Machine Learning?

The three stages of building a machine learning model are:

• Model Building

Choose a suitable algorithm for the model and train it according to the requirement
 • Model Testing

Check the accuracy of the model through the test data

• Applying the Model

Make the required changes after testing and use the final model for real-time projects

Here, it’s important to remember that once in a while, the model needs to be checked to make sure
it’s working correctly. It should be modified to make sure that it is up-to-date.

10. What is Pruning in Decision Trees, and How Is It Done?

Pruning is a technique in machine learning that reduces the size of decision trees. It reduces the
complexity of the final classifier, and hence improves predictive accuracy by the reduction of
overfitting.

Pruning can occur in:

• Top-down fashion. It will traverse nodes and trim subtrees starting at the root

• Bottom-up fashion. It will begin at the leaf nodes

There is a popular pruning algorithm called reduced error pruning, in which:

• Starting at the leaves, each node is replaced with its most popular class

• If the prediction accuracy is not affected, the change is kept

• There is an advantage of simplicity and speed

HR Questions and answers

1. Tell me something about yourself?

Thank you for allowing me to introduce myself. My name is Joanna Satya and I am from Chennai. I
completed my bachelor of technology with the CSE branch with specialization in Artificial
Intelligence and Machine Learning from Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science.

Firstly, I would like to introduce myself with my soft skills. I am optimistic, smart, self-confident,
hardworking, and have a positive mindset. My technical skills include proficiency in Python, Java, C
programming language and Full Stack Development. Also, I have a good command of MS
Excel and web technologies.

My interests include playing sports, playing musical instruments, singing, internet surfing, and
listening to music. In my leisure time, I enjoy reading different articles about the developments in
the field of artificial intelligence.

2. What are your strengths?

My key strengths for a software company include strong problem-solving skills and the ability to
quickly adapt to new technologies, which are crucial in the ever-evolving tech landscape. I am highly
detail-oriented, ensuring high-quality code and effective debugging, while my analytical thinking
allows me to tackle complex challenges, especially in data-driven fields like AI and machine learning.
I thrive in collaborative environments, working well with cross-functional teams, and I am always
driven by a passion for innovation, continuously seeking to improve processes and stay ahead in the
industry and have the ability to stay calm under pressure. Additionally, my excellent time
management skills enable me to prioritize tasks efficiently, ensuring timely and high-quality project
delivery. I am well-organized, efficient, and systematic. I enjoy excelling at my job.

3. Why are you interested in this job?

It's an honor and a privilege to work for an established company like yours. As I researched the job
opening you have, I realized that my abilities align with your requirements. Through this job, I can
showcase my technical skills to help the company's development. I am particularly interested in this
job because it aligns with my passion for solving complex problems through technology and
innovation. Your company’s commitment to developing cutting-edge software solutions resonates
with my desire to contribute to impactful projects that push the boundaries of what technology can
achieve. I am excited about the opportunity to work with a talented team, leverage my expertise in
AI, machine learning, and software development, and continuously learn and grow in an
environment that fosters creativity and collaboration. This role would allow me to apply my skills
while contributing to meaningful advancements in the field, making it a perfect match for my career
goals.

4. Where do you see yourself in the next 5 years?

Over five years, I'd love to take advantage of every opportunity the company will give me to gain
knowledge through the external and internal training programs. My dream career objective is to be
a Full Stack Developer. Hence, I am looking forward to creating different products that embody the
mission of this company and contribute to making a positive impact while speeding up my path to
becoming a Full Stack Developer. I also see myself mastering both front-end and back-end
technologies, becoming proficient in a wide range of frameworks, programming languages, and
development tools. I aim to take on more complex projects, contributing to the architecture and
design of scalable and efficient applications. I would also like to lead development teams, mentoring
junior developers and collaborating with cross-functional teams to deliver high-impact solutions.
Additionally, I plan to stay updated with emerging trends such as cloud computing, AI integration,
and DevOps, positioning myself as a well-rounded, senior full-stack developer capable of driving
innovation and leading technical initiatives.

5. Is there anything that makes you different from other candidates?

There are a few things that make me different from other candidates. First, I have a lot of experience
working with different teams and managing projects. I’m also great at communicating with people,
so I can easily build relationships with clients and coworkers. Finally, I have a strong interest in
learning new things and taking on new challenges. What sets me apart from other candidates is my
unique combination of technical expertise and a strong focus on user-centered design. While many
candidates may have solid coding skills, I prioritize understanding the end-user experience, which
allows me to develop solutions that are not only functional but also intuitive and engaging.
Additionally, my background in artificial intelligence and machine learning equips me with a forward-
thinking approach to problem-solving, enabling me to implement innovative features that leverage
data-driven insights. My commitment to continuous learning and adaptability ensures that I stay
ahead of industry trends, making me a valuable asset to any team looking to push the boundaries of
software development.

6. Why do you want to work with us?

I want to work with your company because I admire your commitment to innovation and excellence
in software development. Your reputation for creating high-quality, user-centric products that
genuinely address customer needs aligns perfectly with my professional values and aspirations. I am
particularly impressed by your focus on leveraging cutting-edge technologies to solve real-world
problems, which excites me as someone who thrives in dynamic environments that challenge
conventional thinking. Additionally, I appreciate your emphasis on collaboration and continuous
learning, as I believe that working alongside talented individuals fosters personal and professional
growth. I am eager to contribute my skills in full-stack development and my passion for emerging
technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, to help propel your projects
forward. Ultimately, I see this opportunity as a way to not only advance my career but also to be
part of a team that is making a significant impact in the tech industry, and I am excited about the
potential to learn and grow within such an inspiring organization.

7.What are your goals?

My goals for a software company encompass both personal and professional growth, as well as
contributing to the organization’s success. Firstly, I aim to continuously enhance my technical skills
by staying updated with the latest technologies and industry best practices, allowing me to deliver
high-quality solutions efficiently. I also aspire to take on leadership roles, where I can mentor junior
developers and foster a collaborative team environment that encourages innovation and knowledge
sharing. Additionally, I want to work on impactful projects that solve real-world problems, leveraging
my expertise in areas like full-stack development and artificial intelligence to create user-centric
applications. I aim to contribute to the company’s strategic goals by driving projects from conception
through deployment, ensuring they meet both business objectives and user needs. Ultimately, my
goal is to grow within the organization, taking on increasingly challenging responsibilities while
making a meaningful contribution to the team and the company’s overall mission.

8. How much salary do you expect?

When it comes to salary expectations, I believe it’s essential to base my figure on thorough market
research, industry standards, and the specific responsibilities of the role. Given my background in
full-stack development and specialization in artificial intelligence and machine learning, I would
anticipate a salary in the range of $60,000 - $85,000 per year, which aligns with current market rates
for similar positions in this field. However, I understand that compensation can vary depending on
various factors, such as the company's size, location, and specific project requirements. I am open to
discussing this further and considering the complete compensation package, including benefits like
health insurance, retirement contributions, opportunities for professional development, and any
performance-based bonuses. Ultimately, I am looking for a compensation structure that not only
reflects my skills and the value I bring to the team but also aligns with the company's budget and
long-term goals. I am enthusiastic about the opportunity to contribute to the organization and grow
within it, so I am confident we can find a mutually beneficial agreement.

9. How do you define success and how do you measure up to your own definition?

I define success as the ability to achieve personal and professional goals while making a positive
impact on others and continuously growing as an individual. For me, success is not just about
reaching a particular position or milestone but also about the journey, including the skills I develop,
the relationships I build, the contributions I make to my team, the person I am and the larger
community. To measure my success against this definition, I regularly set specific, achievable goals
for myself, both short-term and long-term, that align with my values and aspirations. I evaluate my
progress through self-reflection and feedback from peers and mentors, assessing how well I’ve
developed my technical skills, how effectively I collaborate with others, and whether I’m
contributing meaningfully to projects. I strive to maintain a growth mindset, where I view challenges
as opportunities for learning, and I continuously seek ways to improve and make a positive
difference in my field.

10. What motivates you to do good job?

Several factors motivate me to perform well in my job. Firstly, I have a genuine passion for
technology and problem-solving. The challenge of tackling complex problems and finding innovative
solutions drives me to continuously improve my skills and knowledge, especially in fields like
software development and artificial intelligence. Additionally, I am motivated by the opportunity to
make a positive impact through my work. Knowing that my contributions can help users, improve
processes, or drive meaningful change within a project or organization is incredibly fulfilling. I also
thrive in collaborative environments, where teamwork and shared goals inspire me to give my best
effort. Finally, I value personal and professional growth. I am driven by the desire to learn from my
experiences, seek feedback, and embrace challenges as opportunities for development. The
combination of these factors—passion for technology, the desire to make an impact, collaboration,
and continuous growth—fuels my motivation to excel in my role.