EASA ENTERPISES LIMITED P.

O BOX 3565-00100, NAIROBI

METHODOLOGY /METHOD STATEMENT

DOCUMENT REVISION
Rev. Revision Date Being a submission for; Reviewed and Date;
No. Approved by;
01 14/04/2024 REHABILITATION ENG. 14/05/2024
WORKS FOR DAMBALA JOSHUA
DAKA WATER PAN,
GARBATULLA WARD, WENDO
ISIOLO SOUTH
CONSTITUENCY,
ISIOLO COUNTY

METHOD STATEMENT FOR WATER WORKS

EASA ENTERPISES LIMITED P.O BOX 3565-00100, NAIROBI

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................1
2.0 SITE ORGANIZATION & ORGANOGRAM ..........................................................................................2
2.1 Site Organization Chart .............................................................................................................................2
............................................................................................................................................................................. 2
2.2 Head Office Organization Chart ................................................................................................................3
3.0 MOBILIZATION SCHEDULE .................................................................................................................4
3.1 MOBILIZATION OF KEY PERSONNEL ............................................................................................4
3.1.1 Key Personnel Schedule............................................................................................................................4
3.2 MOBILIZATION OF MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT .....................................................................7
3.2.1 Equipment schedule .............................................................................................................................7
3.2.2 Equipment Ownership..........................................................................................................................7
3.2.3 Equipment Management Plan .............................................................................................................8
3.3 PUBLICITY BOARD ..............................................................................................................................8
3.4 MATERIALS MOBILIZATION ............................................................................................................8
3.4.1 Materials ...............................................................................................................................................8
3.5 SETTING OUT ........................................................................................................................................8
4.0 SCOPE OF WORKS................................................................................................................................9
5.0 METHOD STATEMENT ........................................................................................................................ 10
5.1 PAN & DAM CONSTRUCTION, REHABILITATION/DESILTING .................................................... 10
5.1.1 Plant and Equipment for Pan & Dam Works.................................................................................... 10
Desilting/Excavation, Cutting & Fill ............................................................................................................... 10
5.1.2 Site Clearance & Rehabilitation......................................................................................................... 10
5.1.3 Foundation Preparation & De-Watering ........................................................................................... 11
5.1.4 Earth Works........................................................................................................................................ 11
b) Preparation of site ................................................................................................................................... 11
c) Excavation of Cuttings ............................................................................................................................ 11
d) Excavation for Site Levelling and Soil Replacement .............................................................................. 11
e) Excavation General ................................................................................................................................. 12
f) Filling General ........................................................................................................................................ 13
g) Placing & Compaction of Embankments & Other Fills ......................................................................... 13
h) Desilting Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 15
5.2 DRAW-OFF WORKS .............................................................................................................................. 15
5.2.1 Design Considerations ........................................................................................................................... 15
5.2.2 Intake Structure...................................................................................................................................... 16
5.2.3 Draw-Off Pipe ........................................................................................................................................ 17
5.2.4 Outlet Works ........................................................................................................................................... 17
5.3 SPILLWAY ............................................................................................................................................... 18
5.3.1 Location and Type of Spillways .............................................................................................................. 18
5.3.2 Control Section ....................................................................................................................................... 19
5.3.3 Inflow Section ......................................................................................................................................... 19
5.3.4 Outflow Channel ..................................................................................................................................... 19
5.3.5 Spillway Construction Methodology ....................................................................................................... 20
5.4 CATTLE TROUGH.................................................................................................................................. 20
5.4.1 Design Considerations ....................................................................................................................... 20
5.4.2 Technical requirements .......................................................................................................................... 20
5.4.2 Cattle Trough Construction Methodology ......................................................................................... 22
5.5 CONCRETE WORKS.............................................................................................................................. 23
5.5.1 Formwork & Reinforcement ................................................................................................................... 23
5.5.2 Concrete Batching and Handling ........................................................................................................... 23
5.5 FENCING ............................................................................................................................................... 23
5.6.1 Chain-link Fencing Methodology ........................................................................................................... 23
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5.6 DIVERSE AND OTHER ....................................................................................................................... 25
EASA ENTERPISES LIMITED P.O BOX 3565-00100, NAIROBI
5.6.1 Quality Control. Plan.......................................................................................................................... 25
5.6.2 Safety, Health and Environmental Plan Environmental Awareness.................................................. 25
5.6.3 Measurements and Certification ........................................................................................................ 27
5.6.4 Photograph Plan ................................................................................................................................ 27
5.6.5 Field (Site) Diary ................................................................................................................................ 27
5.6.6 Site Meetings ...................................................................................................................................... 28
5.7 DEMOBILIZATION ............................................................................................................................. 28
EASA ENTERPISES LIMITED P.O BOX 3565-00100, NAIROBI

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this roadworks method statement is to describe the activities, sequence and methods that
are mandatory for carrying out this assignment which is road construction works. The activities
described here under covers the scope of works for the REHABILITATION WORKS FOR
DAMBALA DAKA WATER PAN, GARBATULLA WARD, ISIOLO SOUTH
CONSTITUENCY, ISIOLO COUNTY. Since Inception, EASA ENTERPRISES LIMITED has
carried out numerous water projects and this forms the basis of this method statement applicable in
these projects. As an ambitious Construction Company, we have adopted the best practice over time to
ensure we deliver our projects to the Clients’ satisfaction and beyond.

1.1 GENERAL ITEMS

Upon being notified of the award and consequent order to commence the works the following will be
effected:
 Providing the Performance Security and Insurances for works, plant/machinery and labour
personnel.
 Identifying suitable sites to set up material sites and camp site for the Site Agent and his site
staff. The camp will accommodate the Site Agent’s offices, stores, workshop, land
plant/machinery. The Engineer’s representative will be facilitated by provision of offices,
supervision vehicles, miscellaneous items and support staff.
 Making good all access plans to Camp site and material sites. All personnel shall then be
induced to health & safety matters before works commence.
 Establishing contacts with the Police and the local administration.
 We shall establish material testing facilities and establish a quality control plan for the works
 Initial survey of the works shall be done at this point to establish grades, positions, elevations
andquantities

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EASA ENTERPISES LIMITED P.O BOX 3565-00100, NAIROBI

2.0 SITE ORGANIZATION & ORGANOGRAM

SITE SITE
AGENT’S CLERK’S SITE STORE
OFFICE OFFICE

2.1 Site Organization Chart

PROJECT
MANAGER/
SITE AGENT

SURVEYOR
FOREMAN

PLUMBER

CASUALS

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EASA ENTERPISES LIMITED P.O BOX 3565-00100, NAIROBI

2.2 Head Office Organization Chart

MANAGING
DIRECTOR

BUSINESS
DEVELOPMENT
MANAGER

OPERATIONS
MANAGER ADMINISTRATION
ASSISTANT

MARKETING AND
PROJECTS TENDERING ACCOUNTS
ENGINEER/ EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT
DIRECTOR

ENGINEERING
ASSISTANT OFFICE
ASSISTANT

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EASA ENTERPISES LIMITED P.O BOX 3565-00100, NAIROBI

3.0 MOBILIZATION SCHEDULE

3.1 MOBILIZATION OF KEY PERSONNEL

We shall deploy personnel to site as soon as the site has been handed over. We will comply fully with
the personnel requirements of the Contract and comply with all the labour laws of the Country as well as
providing all the necessary evidence of personnel qualification an experience. Before deployment we
will seek approval from the Client on the suitability of the Key Personnel. The three main key staff on
site are:
 Project Manager,
 Site Agent,
 Foreman,
 Surveyor,
 Plumber
Other site staff to be deployed for this assignment shall include are;
 Drivers, Watchmen,
 Plant operators, Chainmen
 Casual workers
Gender equality will be fully effected with daily returns to the Client for concurrence with gender balance being
adopted.
3.1.1 Key Personnel Schedule
Name Position Assigned Tasks
……………….. Project Manager  Coordinate project activities
 Coordinate cash flow
 Coordinate human resource
 Coordinate machines and equipment
……………..... Site  Liaising with clients and reporting on progress
Enginner/Agent  Supervising construction workers and hiring
subcontractors (if any).
 Buying materials for each phase of the project
 Monitoring build costs and project progress
 Conducting quality and safety inspections
 Checking and preparing site reports, designs and
drawings
 Maintaining quality control checks
 Motivating the workforce
 Day to day problem solving and dealing with any issues that
arise using specialist project management computer
programs
 Working on-site in all weathers, at clients’ businesses or in
a site office.

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Method Statement
EASA ENTERPISES LIMITED P.O BOX 3565-00100, NAIROBI
……………… Foreman  Supervise key activities like culvert installations, grading,
graveling, spot batching, laying of bitumen and other road
construction activities.
 Supervise road construction crew daily and assist a
team of heavy equipment operators to build road
projects
 Provide hands-on training as required
 Manage project start-up, one calls, utility locates and
sub-contractors
 Manage and coordinate activities with the landowners,
contractors, other consultants and the approving authority
 Read, interpret, and understand construction drawings and
specifications
 Monitor expenditures to ensure projects remain within
budget
……………… Surveyor  Produce road layouts using surveying instruments and
tools.
 Supervise setting out of carious items like culverts
 Levelling
 Establish lines and grades within the construction site by
performing construction surveys.
 Perform daily record keeping of work performed on a
daily basis and share the records with the Site Agent

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Method Statement
EASA ENTERPISES LIMITED P.O BOX 3565-00100, NAIROBI

………………. Plumber  Cut pipes and transport to construction locations where they
are required
 Utilize hand tools in fitting of valves, couplings and
components for tanks, pumps or other plumbing system
 Select and oversee the procurement of construction
materials and equipment
 Dig trenches/install pipes and piping fixtures for water or
sewage systems
 Fill pipes with resin or sand to prevent distortion and ensure
they are steady during installation
 Immerse pipes in chemical solutions such as bleach and
dispersants to remove oil, dirt, and scale
 Ensure compliance with building codes and set safety
standards
 Measure, cut, thread, and assemble pipes to required angles
using measurement tools
 Inspect plumbing systems to identify issues and initiate
repairs
 Liaise with contractors, pipefitters, and other construction
workers to ensure an effective plumbing system.

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Method Statement
EASA ENTERPISES LIMITED P.O BOX 3565-00100, NAIROBI

3.2 MOBILIZATION OF MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT

Well operated machinery/equipment are essential ingredient in successfully implementing a dam/pan
construction project. We will mobilize the following equipment where applicable to ensure successful
completion of works;
3.2.1 Equipment schedule
Equipment Function
1 No. Dewatering For pumping out water from work areas including the reservoir to allow for
pump-10-15l/s
works/desilting
1 No. D6 Dozer For Excavation and hauling cuts to distances off the work area

HDPE Pipe Butt Foe butt welding of HDPE pipes/joining/fitting

Fusion Machine
Drum Roller For compaction
2 No.150HP For Excavation of gravel material and load it onto the tippers. This will also be
Hydraulic
Excavator used for demolishing, stock piling materials and to be used
where dozer cannot be used.
1No. Pickups For transport of light construction material
Tipper lorry-15 It will be used to haul cut material/ arising from desilting and to haul cleared
Ton
and grabbed material and top soil material to the designated spoil areas.

Poker vibrator For compacting concrete

Concrete mixer For concrete mix batching
RTK Survey Foe survey work e.g measurement of cuts and fills, levelling, setting out
Equipment alignments in laying of pipeline and other structures
Other simple Wheelbarrows, spades etc for simple tasks on site
tools
Water bowser For supply of construction water and dust control throughout the project life

Mobilization of this equipment will include hiring of equipment not owned by the us.
3.2.2 Equipment Ownership
We own some of the basic equipment necessary for execution of works as indicated and evidenced in
standard forms of tender; however at instances where the we lack the equipment we have already
established an agreement and good work relations with equipment hire firms to avail the necessary
equipment in a moments notice.

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Method Statement
EASA ENTERPISES LIMITED P.O BOX 3565-00100, NAIROBI

3.2.3 Equipment Management Plan:

We shall provide a well-resourced equipment return schedule that clearly indicates equipment usage
and operation i.e. idle time, break down and operation to ensure optimal use of and accountability of
equipment engagement. The Plan shall also include preventive maintenance schedule of the equipment
and vehicles for the project.

3.3 PUBLICITY BOARD

We will provide Sign Boards as specified on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer. The Sign
Boards shall be placed at strategic locations especially at junctions leading to the dam/pan and at the
dam/pan location. Sign Boards shall be maintained for the duration of the Works, and retained on site
upon completion of the works.

3.4 MATERIALS MOBILIZATION

At mobilization stage, we will establish potential borrow pits for approved embankment fill material
and gravel from the area adjacent to the dam/pan.
Sources of other materials to be used in the project like structural steel, cement, sand, ballast, pipes and
fittings, fuel, fencing posts, fencing wires and chain-link etc. will also be identified at this stage.
3.4.1 Materials
 In-situ soils (for dam/pan wall)-Excavation from d a m / pan reservoir or
sourced from approved borrow pit
 Concrete (cement, sand, ballast)– foundations, bases, floor bed/roof
slabs, outlet pipe trenches and ancillary concrete
 Pipes and fittings-both GI and HDPE-in draw off system and distribution to tapping
points
 Hardcore-rock fill, riprap, stone pitching –In Slope Protection and erosion control
 Building stones-cattle water-trough walls
 Reinforcement steel in foundations and sills

3.5 SETTING OUT

We shall use this time to acquaint ourselves with the existing service lines as well as structures.
We intend to use the available space (dam/pan area and land reserves) and alignment with minimum
disturbance to the existing structures/environment.

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Method Statement
EASA ENTERPISES LIMITED P.O BOX 3565-00100, NAIROBI

4.0 SCOPE OF WORKS

In the execution of the works as spelt out in the program of works, the following should be achieved:
4.1 Preliminary & General Items
4.1.1 Mobilization, Performance Guarantees, Insurances, Supervision and Training, Material testing,
Permits and Licenses, Sign boards, Surveying and Environmental conservation
4.2 Desilting works
4.2.1 Excavation for reservoir
4.2.2 Embankment formation and compaction
4.3 Water Draw-off system
4.3.1 Excavation for pipeline
4.3.2 Pipe laying
4.3.3 Collars construction
4.3.4 Offtake structure
4.3.4.1 Construction of base
4.3.4.2 Installation of screening chamber
4.4 Spillway Construction
4.4.1 Excavation for spillway
4.4.2 Riprap/Stone-pitching lining to spillway channel-bed and side slopes
4.4.3 Construction of concrete sill across the spillway
4.5 Cattle trough
4.5.1 Construction of standard cattle trough
4.5.2 Plumbing works to cattle trough connection to draw off

4.6 Fencing and Gate to Pan Area

4.6.1 Excavation for holes for posts

4.6.2 Erection of fencing posts in concrete
4.6.3 Anchoring the erected posts using anchor posts at 20m intervals
4.6.4 Chain-link fixing including barbed wire fixing
4.6.5 Fabrication and installation of steel gate complete with gusset gate
4.6.6 Culvert installation at the gate entrance

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Method Statement
EASA ENTERPISES LIMITED P.O BOX 3565-00100, NAIROBI

5.0 METHOD STATEMENT

The following components that will lead to the achievement of the desired outcomes as in the scope will be
covered in the execution of project as described in the bills of quantities:
1. DAM/PAN REHABILITATION/DESILTING WORKS
2. DRAW-OFF SYSTEM
3. SPILLWAY CONSTRUCTION
4. CONSTRUCTION OF CATTLE TROUGHS

5. FENCING
6. DIVERSE AND OTHER

5.1 PAN & DAM CONSTRUCTION, REHABILITATION/DESILTING

5.1.1 Plant and Equipment for Pan & Dam Works

Consideration of what plant and equipment is available, the conditions of operation and distances materials are
to be moved, as well as size and type of pan to be built, are the most important factors in determining the plant
and equipment to be used.
Bulldozers are not generally recommended as they make it difficult to achieve the levels of compaction and
layering essential in any earth embankment.
Desilting/Excavation, Cutting & Fill:
- 10m3 Tipping Trucks.
-Wheel Loaders or Excavators & Rock breaker.
-Motor Graders.
-Bull dozers
-Backhoes
- Water Pumps.
5.1.2 Site Clearance & Rehabilitation
The first step will be to prepare the construction site by way of stripping and clearing the footprint area of the
works including borrow pits as well as the demarcated work space from all vegetation and contaminated
material, either by hand or machine. Plant material will either be spoiled at a registered waste site or burnt on
site in accordance with applicable regulations. Reusable topsoil will be collected and stockpiled at dedicated
areas for the rehabilitation of the site after completion in particular the downstream slope of the embankment,
parts of the spillway channel cutting as well as other disturbed areas outside the footprint of the works.
The following construction methods have been considered for river diversion works:
 Excavation and loading of the material by 2.0 cum hydraulic excavator.

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Method Statement
EASA ENTERPISES LIMITED P.O BOX 3565-00100, NAIROBI

 Transport to the disposal area by means of 20 t rear dumpers.

 The rock excavation to be undertaken by drilling & blasting.

5.1.3 Foundation Preparation & De-Watering

Foundation preparation entails stripping off and removing topsoil as well as unsuitable material within the
footprint of all the works to an acceptable standard before any form of construction work will be allowed to
continue. In case of an in-stream dam/ pan as well as under saturated site conditions, the stream and surface
water will be collected and diverted through or around the construction site by way of a combination of
temporary works including cut-off and bypass channels, a small coffer pan, temporary pumps, etc, to collect
and contain the water in order to ensure safe and acceptable working conditions. The outlet pipe will be installed
early in order to be used as bypass when construction takes place in the stream bed. Sedimentation at the outflow
side downstream of the works will be limited by way of ponding or cascading with stone formed berms and
filters of made up of hay bales in combination of bidum to suite site conditions.
5.1.4 Earth Works
a) Setting out
Prior to any commencement of any physical works, a professional land surveyor shall be appointed to carryout
demarcation works and establish bench marks on site. Upon obtaining all the necessary survey data, a joint
survey to check existing ground levels shall be carried out with the consulting engineers.
b) Preparation of site
When any material is disposed outside the site, the disposed material shall be graded to a neat appearance and
shall not obstruct natural drainage or cause damage to highways or property. All precautions shall be taken to
prevent any erosion of the soil on the affected areas.
All unsuitable material and surplus suitable material shall be run to spoil in tips approved by the Engineer.
c) Excavation of Cuttings
The excavation of cutting shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant approved drawings and to the
levels, widths and heights shown thereon.
Hauling of material from cuttings or the importation of fill material to the embankment or other areas of fill
shall proceed only when sufficient compaction plant is operating at the place of deposition to ensure compliance
with the specification requirements.
Any excess depth excavated below the formation level exceeding tolerance of 300mm shall be made good by
backfilling with suitable material of similar characteristic of that removed and compacted in accordance with
specifications.
d) Excavation for Site Levelling and Soil Replacement
Finish level shall be recorded in accordance to survey practice and jointly inspected in the presence of Engineer.

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Method Statement
EASA ENTERPISES LIMITED P.O BOX 3565-00100, NAIROBI

The side slopes of cuttings and embankments shall be as per the approved drawings.
e) Excavation General
Removal of Unsuitable Material and Soft Spots
If during the progress of the work the soil encountered has characteristics, as determined by tests conducted
under the direction of the Engineer, that render it unsuitable for incorporation in the pan embankment, the
Contractor shall excavate and remove such unsuitable material to the extent directed by the Engineer.
Where Contractor finds isolated soft spots during excavation, this material shall be removed to the extent
directed by the Engineer.
No excavated suitable material shall be removed from the site without the approval of the Engineer. Should the
Contractor permitted to remove suitable material to suit his operational procedure then he shall make good any
consequent deficit of fill material arising there from.
Where the excavation reveals a combination of suitable and unsuitable material the excavation shall, unless
otherwise agreed with the Engineer, shall be carried out in such manner that the suitable materials area
excavated separately for use in the works without contamination by the unsuitable material.
The hauling of excavated material to areas of fill shall proceed only when sufficient spreading and compacting
plant/equipment are operating at the place of deposition to ensure placing and compaction.
Unsuitable excavated material shall be removed and carted away to an approved area after approved by the
Engineer.
Excavating High Level Areas
The Contractor shall excavate high level areas in all materials including rock for the full width of the pan
construction down to the top of the required sub grade.
Rock Excavation
Excavation in rock may be carried out by a tracked bulldozer and ripper or by the use of blasting with explosives
or any other method approved by the Engineer.
After it has been established that the excavated material is rock and after the area where such rock exists has
been defined, the Contractor shall incorporate the rock in the embankment.
Excavation for Pits and Trenches
All trenches and pits under pans shall, where possible, be excavated, backfilled and compacted before pan
construction commences.
The sides of the excavation shall be adequately supported al all times. Trenches and
pits shall be kept free of water.
Trenches for pipes or ducts shall be excavated to the levels and gradients indicated in the contract documents.

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Method Statement
EASA ENTERPISES LIMITED P.O BOX 3565-00100, NAIROBI

f) Filling General
Filling Low-Level Areas
Shall be to the level of sub grade as designated. After completion of clearing and grubbing, the Contractor shall
carry out the necessary leveling in order to control the thickness of the layers of fill.
The existing natural ground shall be scarified in place to a minimum depth of 75mm for the full width of the
embankment. The scarified material shall be leveled and compacted to a minimum of 95% maximum dry
density.
Where an existing embankment is being widened, the existing embankment slope shall be trimmed and
compacted into benches of minimum width 1m and depth 500mm before placing and compacting each
layer of new embankment material unless otherwise directed by the Engineer to suit particular circumstances.
The Contractor shall not proceed with filling and compaction any subsequent layer before testing and securing
the approval of the Engineer for the previous layer.
Each fill thickness shall not exceed 250mm.
Forming of Embankments and Other Areas of Fill
In areas of shallow filling, where after the removal of top soil, before embankment construction is compacted,
the surfaced of the ground shall be graded and compacted.
Embankments and other areas of fill shall be formed of suitable material.
All earthworks material placed in or below embankments, below formation level in cuttings or elsewhere in the
works shall be deposited and compacted as soon as practicable after excavation in layers of thickness not
exceeding 250mm.
Embankments shall be built up evenly over the full width unless otherwise indicated and shall be maintained at
all times with a sufficient camber and a surface sufficiently even to enable surface water to drain readily from
them. During the construction of embankments, construction traffic or water erosion shall be made good.
Compaction of embankments and other areas of fill shall be undertaken to the requirements of specifications.
The embankments shall be constructed to sufficient width to permit adequate compaction at the edges before
trimming back.
g) Placing & Compaction of Embankments & Other Fills
Earth fill on the embankments shall be spread so as to produce uniform distribution and gradation of the earth
fill throughout.
Cluster of rock, which would interfere with proper compaction, will not be permitted. The earth fill shall be
placed in continuous, approximately horizontal layers over the length being constructed for the full width of the
embankment.

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Method Statement
EASA ENTERPISES LIMITED P.O BOX 3565-00100, NAIROBI

Material which has been compacted to a dry density less than required or at a moisture content outside the
tolerable range shall be removed or reworked and re-compacted until the required properties are achieved.
Excavation & Embankment
Excavations of the cut-off trench, spillway channel, outlet works including the pipe trench, strip drains as well
as for small structures such as manholes and concrete weirs, etc, will take place as the project progresses. All
reusable material will either be used directly in fill or be stock-piled for later use in the embankment or other
land fill zones as part of the works. Construction of the embankment entails a basic cut and fill operation with
limited waste or spoil. Bulk earthworks comprise the excavation of material from within the basin of the pan
below the flood level and placing and compacting it in the embankment using heavy equipment such as
excavators, tippers, compaction rollers, water trucks, etc. The embankment is zoned including a clay-filled cut-
off trench and central core zone held in position and protected by sloped mass earth fill on both the up- and
downstream sides. Final finishing includes a rip-rap layer against the upstream slope and a topsoil layer over
the downstream slope.
Surface Excavation
The surface excavation for main pan reservoir involves both common and rock excavations. Following
construction methods are proposed for surface excavations:
 Stripping and excavation for trenching & preparation of base of pan and loading of the soft
material (earth and alluvium) by 2.0 cum hydraulic excavators assisted by 180 HP crawler dozer.
 Transportation to the disposal area by 20 t capacity rear dumper.
 A 180 HP bulldozer is also considered to stay in the disposal area for spreading of the unloaded
materials.
 The rock excavation to be undertaken by drilling & blasting.
 Crawler drill with hole patterns of 1m c/c and 2.75 m c/c respectively to be deployed for drilling of
charge holes.
Fill Placement
The construction of earth fill pan involves placement of excavated fill materials. The fill placement will require
excavation and loading of material from the pan reservoir areas, transportation of the material to the placement
site and unloading. It is necessary that various alternative methods and equipment are evaluated and appropriate
construction methods and suitable construction equipment are selected.
 The following construction methods have been considered for hearting fill: Excavation and loading
by means of 2.0 cum hydraulic excavator.
 Transport to the embankment by means of 25 t capacity Rear end dumpers.
 Spreading in layers up to 30 cm thick by 180 HP bulldoze.

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Method Statement
EASA ENTERPISES LIMITED P.O BOX 3565-00100, NAIROBI

 Moisture adjustment by 8000 L water sprinklers.

 Compaction by 8 passes of 10t pad foot vibrating roller. An average distance of 0.5 km from pan site
has been considered for the borrow areas for impervious material.

h) Desilting Methodology

Desilting of reservoirs is defined as that engineering practice which makes use of various sediment
removal techniques and technologies, thereby aiming to restore, at least partially, the storage capacity lost
due to the siltation process occurring in reservoir basins, and thus to prolong the useful lifespan of
reservoirs for achieving their planned functions. Dredging and excavation are practiced in desilting of
small reservoirs and usually are very costly operations which are affordable only in particular situations
whenever other cheaper alternatives are not available. Flushing of sediment through reservoirs is a
hydraulic desilting technique applicable both for small reservoirs and large reservoirs.

Prior to de-silting any reservoir by mechanical means, it must be emptied. This can be done by either
pumping or cutting part of the spillway channel to the required depth. Breaching of the embankment is
not recommended. The digging of a number of test pits in the reservoir, in order to establish the depth of
the silt layer, prior to the scooping is recommended. This will also permit study of the stratification of the
silt layer, which might eventually lead to determining its origin within the catchment.

If de-silting is carried out by traditional earth-moving methods, the most effective way would be to make
use of a bulldozer (100-125 kW will generally be suitable) for the removing the silt, a wheel loader for
loading it and tipping lorries for the transport of the silt. This basic machinery can be assisted by a number
of smaller machines to perform more specific tasks.

If the removed soil is judged suitable, it can be re-used for repairing the embankment. In case of very
small dams (below 5 metres of height), not involving drainage blankets or toe drains, removed soil, judged
unsuitable for re-use as backfill can be used to reduce the downstream slope

5.2 DRAW-OFF WORKS

5.2.1 Design Considerations
Due to the risk of pollution of the reservoir from human or livestock contamination, it is preferable to
provide a draw off system that delivers water below the dam. However, a draw off system can create a
seepage flow path that can compromise the integrity of the embankment unless designed and constructed
properly. Consequently the additional cost and construction complications may outweigh the benefits of
a draw-off system through the embankment for a small dam.

The design of the draw off system should consider:

 Peak flow requirements to satisfy water demand;

 Variable water level in the reservoir;

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 Risk of debris and blockages in the pipe;

 Minimum flow velocities (0.6 m/s) and minimum size of pipe (50 mm dia.) to ensure these are self -
cleaning;

 Need to regulate the discharge in the draw-off pipe.

If the draw-off system is also being used to release compensation flows for downstream water rights, then
this requirement should also be factored in to the design of the draw-off system.

A typical draw-off system consists of an intake at the bottom of the reservoir with a draw-off pipe passing
through the embankment or foundation. This pipeline is then connected to a pump house or valve chamber
from where water will usually be provided to the distribution system and consumer points. Provision for
compensation flows to safeguard downstream water-rights can also be made from this structure.

If the draw-off works are intended to pass normal river flows then a drop inlet concrete structure may be
more appropriate with concrete culvert of sufficient capacity to convey the required flows. Reference
should be made to alternative detailed design documents for the design of a concrete drop inlet structure
and concrete culverts.

Figure-Typical Outlet Works for an Earth Dam

5.2.2 Intake Structure
The intake structure will generally consist of a concrete anchor block supporting a vertical perforated
galvanised steel pipe. Plastic pipes should not be used since they tend to degrade in the sun during periods
when low water levels occur. The pipe upstand can be surrounded by a protective steel structure or a cone
of rubble stone and large diameter gravel which serves to protect the upstand from debris, livestock,
wildlife and vandalism

The pipe diameter is typically 100mm in order to decrease the risk of the pipe getting blocked. The
perforations on the upstand, starting above the expected silt level, should be at least 12mm diameter and
should constitute at least 10% of the surface area of the pipe. The flanged joint for the upstand should be
above the concrete anchor block. This means that the upstand can be replaced if needed without damaging

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the anchor block. However, this introduces a risk of vandalism or theft of the upstand when the reservoir
is dry.

In the event that a rough filtration system is desired to improve water quality for public use, it is possible
to lay a 30 metre long perforated pipe at an inclined slope (1%) within a graded filter as shown in Figure
12-9. In general, treatment facilities, if needed, should be provided on the downstream side of the
embankment where routine maintenance of the treatment works can be undertaken.
5.2.3 Draw-Off Pipe
The draw-off pipe(s) should have a minimum diameter of 100mm, in order to decrease the risk of the pipe
getting blocked by debris or silt. The pipe can be galvanised iron, uPVC (Grade E), or HDPE.

As the draw-off pipe forms a preferential seepage path, it should be situated on firm ground preferably
below the foundation level of the embankment. Anti-seep collars should be provided at regular intervals
(e.g. one per every six metre pipe length) so that the length of the potential flow path is increased to at
least 115% the length of the pipe.

There is a risk that the pipe can be damaged by the construction activities as the embankment is being
built. Consequently, the trench for the draw-off pipe should be at least one metre below the construction
working surface. In order to minimise the risk of damage to the pipe, the pipe itself should be surrounded
with concrete.

Where the pipe is not being placed in a concrete surround, a compacted bentonite/soil mix (50 Kg
bentonite to one cubic metre of soil) is recommended along the entire trench to minimise the chance of
seepage.

It is not recommended to put a control valve on the upstream side of the draw-off pipe. In general
accessing the valve for regular maintenance is not possible.

Figure : Graded Filter for Public Water Point Intake

5.2.4 Outlet Works
The outlet works usually consist of a pump house or valve chamber at or below the downstream toe of
the embankment where fittings are placed on the draw-off pipe for purposes of controlling and directing
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the flow. The arrangement of pipe, tees and valves should allow water to be directed to the consumer
points and allows flushing of the draw-off pipe to remove any sediments. The pipe and fittings should be
securely anchored to ensure that the action of opening and closing the valves does not result in any
movement of the pipe.

5.3 SPILLWAY
The function of the spillway is to discharge the normal and flood flows safely around the embankment and back
to the water course without compromising the long term functionality and integrity of the dam. Natural
spillways are generally best for all earth pans but often some degree of cut is required to obtain the necessary
design slopes. In all cases the movement of machinery over the spillway area should be minimized to avoid
over compacting the existing soil, establishing track ways (which could lead to erosion later) and destroying
any existing grass cover. Where a cut is required it should be kept to a minimum and, unless unavoidable,
should not involve complete removal of the topsoil. If the latter does occur, over cut will be necessary, the
additional depth being required because good quality topsoil and grass cover will have to be placed once the
desired profile has been attained. Any large volume spillway cut should be done at a time when the excavated
material (if suitable) can be included with the material being moved to construct the main embankment or
reserved to fill in borrow pits. Smaller volumes of cut material can usually be included in the training bank.

5.3.1 Location and Type of Spillways

The common type of spillway used with earth embankments is a side channel spillway, excavated in earth or rock
next to the embankment. The incorporation of relatively large concrete structures as spillways for small earth
dams is difficult to justify on economical grounds.
The basic factors to be taken into account when choosing a spillway location are:
i. The spillway should be kept away from the embankment in order to avoid the need for concrete protection
structures, and
ii. Excessively steep valleys should also be avoided, in order to prevent erosion problems in the spillway channel
and to reduce excavation volumes.
Consequently spillways are usually located on the side of the embankment where the valley slopes are flattest. In
the case of large discharges to be catered for, the possibility of constructing two spillways -one on either side of
the embankment- can be considered; the quantity of excavation required usually being the decisive factor. In cases
where the topography of the site favours such a solution the possibility of discharging the flood waters into a
valley other than the original river valley can also be considered. This could however have adverse effects on
eventual water users downstream of the dam and on the flow regime of the other river.
Because of the cost of rock blasting, extensive excavation in rock should be avoided, but the location of the
spillway channel on a relatively horizontal layer of bedrock is wherever possible a handsome solution to all
erosion problems in the spillway channel. Problems with spillway channel erosion prohibit the construction of
spillways on backfilled soil. Spillways should always be excavated in original material.
It is always preferable to let spillway channels discharge on bedrock. Where this is not possible, it is advisable to

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protect the river-bed from scouring at the location of the spillway discharge. Lining with reno-mattresses, gabions
or pitched stone is usually appropriate.
Only side channel spillways excavated in earth or rock will be considered. For all other types of spillways,
reference is made to the United States Department of the Interior - Bureau of Reclamation, 1987. A site may
require a side spillway on both sides of the embankment.
The side spillway normally consists of three parts: Inflow Section, Control and Outflow Channel (see Figure
Below)

Figure Spillway Design

5.3.2 Control Section
The normal water level in the reservoir is controlled by the height, length (i.e. width of spillway channel) and
geometry of the spillway sill. The sill level is controlled by a reinforced concrete sill (minimum width 300 mm),
thus preventing lowering of the crest level by erosion. This sill is usually aligned with the dam axis. The depth of
the sill (minimum 1.00 m) below ground level should be determined by the engineer to minimise seepage
underneath the sill. Where the sill is proud of the spillway bed and there is a risk of erosion and undercutting of
the sill, a 150 mm thick reinforced concrete apron should be placed downstream of the sill. The width of the
control section should be a minimum of 10 m unless a detailed analysis justifies otherwise.
Consideration should be given to the likelihood of erosion along the spillway floor and side slopes, particularly
in the control section. Grouted masonry can be laid along the floor and side slopes to protect against erosion where
the spillway is cut into soil and where a good grass cover cannot be guaranteed.
5.3.3 Inflow Section
The inflow section leads the flood water to the control section. Usually, it slopes moderately (maximum 1 %)
upwards to the sill. The cross-section is usually narrowed down gradually towards the sill. Care should be taken
that the water flowing to the control section remains far enough from the earth embankment to minimise the risk
of erosion of the embankment face.
5.3.4 Outflow Channel
The outflow channel discharges the flood water back into the riverbed at acceptable velocities that do not cause
erosion. For spillways excavated in undisturbed earth, a maximum velocity of 2.5 m/s is usually acceptable under
Kenyan conditions. Control of the outflow channel water velocity is usually achieved through adequate slope
selection. Otherwise lining of the channel (or parts thereof) with rip-rap will be required. In such cases velocities
up to 6-7 m/s can be accepted. In case of unacceptably long outflow channels, the possibility of incorporating a
gabion or concrete drop structure can offer a solution. The Manning formula (Equation 12-5) can be used to
establish the velocity in the outflow channel for different gradients, widths and channel roughness.

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5.3.5 Spillway Construction Methodology

Basic construction details for earth channel side spillways are outlined below:-
1. The spillway alignment is usually curved to keep the spillway away from the embankment.
2. The side slopes of an earth channel spillway should be decided as a function of the material in which the
spillway is excavated. Side slopes of 1:1 (for shallow spillways excavated in firm material) to 3:1 (for
deep spillways excavated in soft soil) are possible. Spillways should always be excavated in original
undisturbed material.
3. Concrete sills can be constructed at various locations in the outflow channel. Their essential function is
to fix the spillway level and act as an erosion barrier. At the spillway crest, the construction of a concrete
sill is imperative. Concrete sills should also be constructed where changes of the slope in the outflow
channel occur.
4. Where soft materials or excessive velocities occur in parts of the spillway, a lining with angular rip-rap
(made of solid rock and least 0.30m thick) can provide a solution. This rip-rap layer should be provided
with an underlying gravel layer, and should be compacted.
5. Wherever run-off water from the valley slopes is expected to flow into the spillway channel in substantial
quantities, the construction of a spillway protection trench (cut-off drain) is recommended.

5.4 CATTLE TROUGH

5.4.1 Design Considerations
The water trough system should :-
 Provide a fresh, cool, clean, palatable and adequate volume of water to livestock
 Provide sufficient access area to enable all cattle to drink regularly
 Be strong, durable and resistant to damage from cattle and pencleaning equipment
 Allow for easy and regular cleaning inside the trough
 Allow for easy cleaning of the trough exterior with minimal obstruction during pen cleaning
 Not allow manure to accumulate underneath or be a breeding area for flies or vermin
 Allow for easy maintenance of pipe and drainage fittings
 Not cause wet areas or drainage problems in pens or lead to pen maintenance issues
5.4.2 Technical requirements
The most suitable layout and dimensions of water troughs will be based on the volume of water per unit access
length, the depth of trough, trough height, drainage point and position, side enclosure, float valve protection and
on preventing cattle entering the troughs.
Capacity
The water delivery system and water trough volume must be adequate to meet the daily water requirements and
peak demand of the cattle.
The volume of water per unit access length must consider
Maximum flow rate of the reticulation system
Temperature of water in the trough
Volume of water flushed into the pens during cleaning.

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The volume of water wasted into the pen with each flushing is minimised by using low-volume troughs; long,
narrow, shallow troughs are preferable to large, deep, high-volume circular troughs.
Shape
Most feedlot troughs are rectangular rather than round as these fit along fence lines, are more easily cleaned
internally and easier to clean around with machinery; they provide more linear space than an equivalent capacity
round trough. The internal cross section of trough is generally either a u-shaped or trapezoid (wider at the top
than bottom) with varying degree of side angle.
Length
A minimum of 25 mm/head of linear trough space available should be provided during normal weather conditions
and 75 mm/head during hot conditions (MLA, 2006). Available length is the trough length less the length
unavailable due to float protection.
Materials
All materials should have a life expectancy of ten years or more. Common construction materials are reinforced
concrete, polyethylene, fibreglass and steel. Concrete is the most common material because it is more durable and
can stabilize water temperature. Troughs can be cast on site but most are prefabricated units. All designs should
meet the industry standards for the material being used. Polyethylene or fibreglass water troughs should be made
of ultraviolet resistant materials or have a durable coating to protect against deterioration under sunlight.
Surface coating
Over time, the inside surface of a concrete trough becomes difficult to clean as it deteriorates through hardness
of the water, action of cattle licking, cattle saliva, enzymes in feed stuffs and mechanical cleaning. The surface
can be protected by a fibreglass or polyethylene insert or by coating the surface with an epoxy resin — best
applied when the trough is new.
Trough Support Structure
Troughs should be enclosed underneath with vertical external sides that extend from the top of the trough to the
concrete apron. This provides the trough and piping with some protection from machinery and cattle, and allows
cleaning of the apron right up to the trough base. Fibreglass or polyethylene troughs should be protected by full
concrete sides rather than open steel frames.
Open-framed bases do not fully protect the trough and also allow manure to accumulate under the trough. This
enhances fly breeding, promotes odour and makes cleaning more difficult.
Cattle Access
Cattle must be prevented from stepping or falling into water troughs by sides extended high enough from the
ground and an exclusion bar over the surface of the trough. Steel or timber frames are constructed over the trough
to prevent cattle entry while in-fence troughs can be protected by the fence panels themselves. Fence panels either
side of the trough should be reinforced while stand-alone troughs must be protected by a separate structure. The
flow control system and supply and drainage pipework should be protected from damage by cattle and machinery,
as when it is located in the void under the trough and contained within an enclosed trough base. Cattle play with
and damage unprotected valves. Besides any costly repairs, the trough will overflow, causing excessive bogging,
pen floor damage and odour generation. Float protection must be sturdy with either an open frame (e.g. weldmesh)

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or preferably fully enclosed and made from galvanised sheet steel, fibreglass or concrete. Protection covers must
be easily removable to allow maintenance access to float valves and gate valves. Float covers reduce available
drinking access along the length of the trough.
Aprons
The area surrounding the water trough is a high traffic area. An apron will allow access to the trough under all
weather conditions, prevent the ground becoming muddy or holes developing and allow cleaning of manure
around the trough. Concrete aprons should be at least 3 m wide all around the trough.
A width of 3 m allows full access and supports the full width (2.4 m) of pen-cleaning machinery (e.g. bobcat,
loader). Aprons should have thickened edges and reinforcement to support the weight of pen cleaning machinery.
Water troughs need to be level when installed. However as all pens have some slope, there would be 150 mm fall
over a 5 m long trough in a 3% pen. Hence, the grade of the apron must vary around the trough. The apron on the
upslope side of the trough may be kept level or slope (e.g. 1%) down from the trough. Figures 1, 2 and 3 illustrate
the resulting grades of an apron with a level upslope and located on a pen with a down slope of 3% and cross
slope of 0.5%. Figures 5, 6 and 7 illustrate the resulting grades of an apron with a 1% grade way from the trough
on the upslope side and located on a pen with a down slope of 3% and cross slope of 0.5%. The greater the pen
slope, the greater the difference between the level apron pad and the pen surface. Grading down the apron to tie
in with the finished pen surface minimises fill.
5.4.2 Cattle Trough Construction Methodology
The apron is normally cut in to the finished surface (compacted clay or gravel) so that the top of the concrete
apron is 30–50mm above the finished surface. This allows for the impermeable manure pen substrate to be 30–
50mm in thickness, and therefore level with the finished concrete apron surface. The area cut out between the
edge of the apron and finished surface is backfilled with pen surface material. An alternative is to cast the apron
on top of the finished pen surface but this increases the amount of fill required for the pad. A pad will need to be
formed on the finished surface to form a level base for the water trough; this is best built up with crusher dust or
similar material and compacted to ensure no settlement.
The water trough shall be installed on a pen with a slope of 3% and a cross-slope of 0.5%. The grades of the
apron will vary along the length of the trough as the apron is graded down to the pen surface, depending on the
grade of the apron on the upslope side. Concrete water trough aprons that are oval in shape reduce ongoing
maintenance around water troughs as they eliminate wear points around apron edges, and allow cleaning
equipment and machinery to operate around water troughs without catching sharp edges or ‘squared’ concrete
lips. The equipment can operate in a circular motion around the surface of the apron. Aprons should have a non-
slip surface.

Drainage of Overflow and Cleaning Water

Water troughs in feedlots need to be cleaned frequently by flushing out the existing water and then adding more
during scrubbing. Each trough must be fitted with a large drainage (flushing) outlet which should be located so
that drainage water flows away from the trough, preferably to a drain. A small concrete spoon drain can take
water from the drainage point to the pen drain while a sewer system conveying flushing water either directly to

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the drain, or preferably to the retention pond, is increasingly preferred.

5.5 CONCRETE WORKS

This shall be done once the pan area has been identified and limits marked. The positioning will be set not to
affect the pan embankment construction activities.
5.5.1 Formwork & Reinforcement.
As specified and/or as directed by the engineer, the relevant formwork shall be erected to give the required finish.
BRC wire mesh or any other reinforcement shall be used as specified and to the engineers’ approval.

Cutting and bending of steel reinforcement to approved schedule shall be done at the site and fixed according to
the structural requirements.
Setting for reinforcement shall be inspected by the engineer for conformity with specification and drawing
requirement in readiness for fixing formwork.
5.5.2 Concrete Batching and Handling
Approved concrete materials-coarse and fine aggregate/sand shall be transported to site using trucks and
stored in accordance to the specification and the engineer approval. Concrete shall be mixed on site by
use of a mechanically propelled concrete mixer.
Mixed concrete (by the appropriate ingredient design mix ratio) shall be transported to the placing
locations with hand tools like wheel barrows and concrete dumpers and shall be compacted with a poker
vibrator.
Necessary concrete tests as specified and directed by the engineer shall be performed by our laboratory
technicians and samples taken for testing in approved laboratory per the engineer approval. Curing of
concrete shall commence immediately the concrete has hardened. It shall be covered with woolen
materials or sand and maintained wet by soaking with water.

5.5 FENCING
5.6.1 Chain-link Fencing Methodology
Identify Fence Layout
Start by identifying the locations of terminal posts, which will be at corners, fence gates, and anywhere
the fence changes direction.
Mark the location of line posts, which will provide support for the fence between the terminal posts. The
distance between fence posts should be no more than 10 feet apart. The tighter the chain link fence post
spacing, the sturdier the fence will be.
Dig the Post Holes.
Using a post hole digger or power auger, the holes for the terminal posts are dug, which will be wider and
deeper than the line posts. The diameter of the hole should be three times the diameter of the pole. So, if the
pole is 2 inches in diameter, the hole should be 6 inches in diameter.
Set the Posts.
Concrete is mixed into a wheelbarrow to the right consistency and grade. Using a post level the post is made
plumb while a helper shovels wet concrete into the hole. It is filled upto a few inches below the ground
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level to allow covering the concrete with soil after it dries.

Set the Line Posts.
Once all the terminal posts are set, a string line is run along the top of the posts and pulled tight. The line
is used as a guide when setting the line posts to ensure all the posts are the same height. Since the line posts
don’t have to support as much weight as the terminal posts, quick setting concrete can be used when
installing them to speed up the process.
The posts are put in the hole and held plumb using the post level. Dry concrete is poured into the hole, then
water added. After setting all the posts, cure for a couple of days to allow the concrete to set before moving
to the next step.
Install the Fence Hardware.
For a 7 foot chain link fence, slide a brace band on each terminal post, followed by three tension bands.
You’ll need to add additional bands if you’re building a taller fence. Next, add a brace band with a rail cup
over the top of each terminal post. Finally, place a post cap on the top of each post and drive it into place
using a rubber mallet. You’ll need to use twice as much hardware for corner posts to account for each
direction of fencing.
Install the Rails.
Next, add line post loop caps to each line post. Slide the first top rail through the loops on the line post caps
and push it into the rail cup on the terminal post, then tighten the bolt on the rail cup to secure it. The top
rails have a narrower diameter at one end that allows you to connect them together as you work your way
around each side of the fence. When you reach the next terminal post, cut the rail to size using a hacksaw,
then fit it into the post’s rail cup and tighten it in place.
Add the Fencing.
Thread the long tension bars vertically through the end of the fencing fabric so that the wires weave around
it. Bolt the tension bar to the three tension bands on the first terminal pole. Pull out any slack as you unroll
the fencing along the top rail, stopping periodically to secure it to the top rail and line rails using wire fence
ties. Secure the fence to the rails loosely, so you can tighten it later to remove any slack in the fence.
Stretch the Fence Tight.
You’ll want the fence fabric to be tight when you attach it to the next terminal post, so it doesn’t sag.
Stretching chain link fencing is not something you can do with your bare hands. You’ll need a fence puller
for the job. Attach one end of the fence puller to a section of the fabric and the other end to the terminal
post. Use the puller to stretch the fence fabric tight. When you can squeeze the fence links no more than
about 1/4 inch with your fingers, you’ll know it’s tight enough.
Remove any excess fencing by using a pair of pliers to detach a single strand of fencing from the top and
the bottom of the fence and sliding it out. Slide a tension bar through the end of the fence fabric as you did
with the other end and bolt the bar to the post’s three tension bands.
Secure the Fence Fabric.
Now that the fence fabric is taut, go back and add more fence ties to secure the fence to the line poles.
You’ll want to add a tie about every 2 feet on the top rail and every 12 inches on the line posts. If you’re

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using the fence to keep a dog inside your property, consider threading tension wire through the bottom of
the fence fabric and securing it around both posts. The wire will prevent animals from pushing under the
bottom of the fence. If you’re looking to make your chain link fence more aesthetically appealing, consider
painting it.

5.6 DIVERSE AND OTHER

5.6.1 Quality Control. Plan
We consider Quality Control as a top priority in the execution of works. The following aspects will be
ensured as part of our Quality Control program: -
 Superintendence Staff: - We will ensure adequate qualified and experienced Engineers are
engaged in the Project from the onset. Such Engineers are readily available from our pool
of staff. The Engineers will fully be supported by an equally qualified technical team
[Surveyors, Foremen, Headmen, Technicians and Draughtsman etc.] from our pool of staff.
 Materials: - All materials shall be of their respective kinds as described in the contract or
equally approved alternatives.
 We will ensure that, no material will be delivered to the site without being tested and
accompanied by a Compliance Certificate.
 All Quarries and Borrow Pits will have to be approved by the Engineer’s Representative
once identified.
 Sampling from the Quarries and Borrow pits will be done jointly with the Engineer’s team.
Mix designs for concrete and asphalt concrete will be done and approved by the Engineer
before being incorporated into permanent works.
 Control tests will be carried out as the work progresses to ensure that quality is maintained
through and through.
 Machineries: - We will ensure all the machines allocated to various sections of works are in
good working conditions, properly calibrated and of the right kind for the activity. Qualified
operators will be employed on these machines for the best result.

5.6.2 Safety, Health and Environmental Plan Environmental Awareness:

An induction course will be conducted by the ECO on the construction site at commencement of works.
Environmental awareness training of new and follow up of older staff members as well as subcontractors
will be conducted at regular intervals or as deemed necessary. Emergency procedures and Fire hazard:
There will be two fire extinguishers at the fuel bowser and employees will be trained how to use them in
case of emergency. All fire equipment will be serviced monthly and they will be checked bi-weekly by
the acting fire officer. No open fires will be allowed on site. A water truck with capacity of 10 000 liters
will be on site in case of any fire emergency. The site agent of the contractor will also act as the
environmental officer on behalf of the contractor if a dedicated person or agent is not appointed.
Safety precautions are to be adhered by ensuring that, all plants are operated by authorized operators.
Besides, all workers in the concrete section will be provided with safety gears including dust masks, hand

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gloves, gumboots, helmets, goggles and others as applicable.

Introduction;
We employ sound and high standard work methodologies aimed at: -
a. Achieving safe structures of high quality
b. Observing and Maintaining safety and health of the workers,
c. Maintaining safety of the adjacent structures and neighbors,
d. Preventing environmental degradation
Health & Safety Policy
Health and Safety are two of our Company’s most important responsibilities and functions and is regarded
as the essential foundation for successful business and social operations.
We believe that a superior safety approach is indicative of assertiveness and responsiveness to employee
needs and policies procedures, which creates higher morale and loyalty amongst employees, leading to
enhanced productivity and therefore enhanced profitability.
This ensures that we sustain our consistency and vision as top achievers in the Construction and
development environment.
Supreme Fortitude Limited has a legal and moral responsibility to safeguard its employees and the general
public, so far as reasonably practical, from injury, annoyance or risk to Health from all processes
associated with all operations and Activities.
Workers Health & Safety
We don’t take the health and safety of our workers for granted. We take the following measures to ensure
it is maintained: -
 We provide our site gangs with safety gear such as: Helmets, safety goggles, safety gloves,
dust masks, boots, and safety ropes etc.
 We train our workers on proper operation of tools and machinery.
 We restrict operation of machinery only to the qualified workers.
 Routine examination of tools and scaffolds is carried out to prevent any possible accidents
arising from faulty machines of loose scaffolds.
Occupants’ Safety & Satisfaction
 We shall use dust screens to prevent dust from spreading all over the place.
 We shall use scaffolds as shown in the figure below to protect the occupants from falling
materials.
 We shall mark off the areas which un-authorized persons will not be allowed to go to by either
hoarding or using warning tape as may be instructed by the project manager.
 In order to achieve safe structures, we engage our own experts and work with the consultants
appointed by the client, observe high standard supervision and adhere to the designs and
specifications.
 We employ highly skilled artisans and craftsmen to ensure high standard of workmanship and
the intended aesthetics is achieved. This makes the structure usable for the intended use.

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 We shall follow the Project engineer’s instructions on how to carry out these works as
well as the specifications and drawings. In addition, we shall follow all the laid down
procedures and regulations pertaining to construction.
 All concrete works and masonry & plaster works will be cured thoroughly either by surface
flooding or covering as necessary
Sediment and Erosion Control
No sediment will be able to enter the stream as the newly constructed pan wall will act as a buffer to
contain sediment from the construction area. Topsoil from temporary stockpiles will be used to cover
exposed areas to encourage the fast growth of vegetation to prevent unnecessary erosion.
Storm Water Management
Existing storm water ditches will be maintained in order to let water flow freely to the river without eroding
the soil. Existing drainage furrows will be maintained and kept clean at all times in order to prevent
rainwater from scouring and eroding surrounding areas and sedimenting the stream.
Dust and Noise Control
Working hours will be from 7am till 6pm during weekdays, plant will be equipped with standard factory
fitted silencer systems. Dust will be controlled by watering dusty areas with water truck.
Contaminated Water Control
Discharges such as cement, lubricants, fuels, etc, will be minimized in accordance with the EMP.
No Go Areas
All activities will be limited to the agreed and dedicated construction areas.

5.6.3 Measurements and Certification

Computations for quantities will be carried out in accordance with the methods specified in the
construction specifications. The verification of actual work output will be achieved by joint survey and
measurement of completed works carried out by both the Engineers Representative and the contractor's
surveyor as indicted in the document and within the tolerances specified in the construction documents.
The contractor will ensure that the specified tolerance is not exceeded. Certificates and Payments shall
be based on actual measured quantities of work performed not on billed quantities.
5.6.4 Photograph Plan
We shall provide a photograph plan to record the condition of the road before and after works have been
done and progress as proof of quality control and measurement or any event that may arise that affects
progress or quality.
The photos will be taken during material testing, before start of the process and completion of a process,
during monthly inspections and at measurement.

5.6.5 Field (Site) Diary

The contractor shall maintain a daily diary to record the operation(s) being inspected and record (but
not be limited to) the following details
 Weather conditions

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 Equipment conditions, hours of work, hours idle or broken down giving reason(s) why equipment was
not productive at any particular time.
 Employees on the section he was in charge of.
 Narrative discussion on the type of work completed by the Contractor by location compliance with the
specifications and directives given concerning amendments or interpretation of plans detailed structural
drawings and specifications.
 Short summary of tests taken indicating actual locations.
 Source of materials used and quantities used when possible.
 Short summary of tests taken indicating actual locations.
 Source of materials used and quantities used when possible.
 Potential disputes.

5.6.6 Site Meetings

There will be site meetings as regularly as required, with Engineer's Representative. The meetings will
deal, inter alia, with the following matters:
 Approval on rejection of executed work elements
 Work schedule
 Work methods
 Temporary works

5.7 DEMOBILIZATION
Upon substantial completion of works, the contractor shall write to the engineer to request for substantial
inspection of works to allow for processing for payment. Demobilization of equipment will follow
certified completion of the project

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