Tent tell YZ On the basis of Charge, Electricity is divided into Static Electricity rrent Electricity > In static electricity, The charge did : > In this, charge did flow ina not flow at all Metal wire in a systematic way. > Current is the flow of charge per unit time. > Itis represented by Capital "I". > Ieqit Current is Measured by * q=Charge t=time the Ammeter device > It's Sl unit is AMPERE (A). @ It has low resistance. > I's generally measured in wo more small units: @ ie cleave connected @ MILLI-AMPERE @ MICRO-AMPERE * It's denoted by Ma. | ¢ It's denoted by A. +1Ma=10-* Ampere | +1 pA = 10-6 Ampere Curren > Current is the flow of charge per unit time. > Itis represented by Capital "I". > I=qit Current is Measured by = =r the Ammeter device * q=Charge 1=time > I's SI unit is AMPERE (A). @ It has low resistance. @ ltis always connected > It's generally measured in two more small units : i 3 in Series. Nd ait @ MICRO-AMPERE *l’sdenoted by Ma. |= I's denoted by WA The path from where Current is Transmitted, called +1Ma=10- Ampere | +1 pA = 10-° Ampere Electric circuitElectrical Potential Or Potential difference eee + Their movement is Random Their must be a difference to make them flowin o same direction, Mg Electrical Potential Or Potential difference WATER WILL NOT FLOW >< Electrical Potential Or Potential difference (Evenly distributed e-) AEG = CCEalfa fore) Cl elm ecu rMe cia lecy WATER LEVEL IS UNEVEN! Electrical Potential Or Potential difference Lt WATER LEVEL IS EVEN! Electrical Potential Or Potential difference BATTERY CONDUCTORElectrical Potential Or Potential difference Potential difference > Itis the work done to move a unit charge from One point to another. > Potential Difference = Work / Charge > It's SI unit is VOLT. > 1VOLT: When 1 joule of work is done in carrying 1 coulomb of charge, then potential at that point is called 1 volt. > The potential difference is maintained by Cell or battery. > The potentialdifference is measured by VOLTMETER. @ Ithas High resistance. @ Itis always connected in Parallel. © Current flows from higher to lower potential in voltmeter. Circuit Diagr lt is the graphical represenation of the electric Circuit. m In which every component related to electric circuit is represented by its Symbol. Ga) Resistor Ammetcr ‘cal SwitchCircuit Diagrai Its the graphical represenation of the electric Circuit, = In which every component related to electric circuit is represented by its Symbol. oH Resistor (a) Ammeter “eat Switch m's Law = This law shows relation between the Potential difference and Current. @ Potential difference across Metal or Conductor is Passing through the Circuit provided When the Temperature Remains Constant. a Vol a V=IR + R=Resistance (a Proportionality Constant). aphical Representation of Ohm's Law ~Resistance im Itis a property of conductor that resist flow of charge in the Conductor. m Its SI Unit is “Ohm” Q. latereS cols © Itis an electronic device used to control the current by varying the resistance. Wiese © If the potential difference across the two ends of a conductor is 1 V and the current through it is 1 A, then the resistance R, of the conductor is 1 0.1 ampere Factors Affecting Resistance in Itis mostly depends on these 3 factors : D Length + Resistance is directly proportional to the length of the conductor. PRR LR 7 * Resistance is inversly proportional to the Area of cross-section of the conductor. EEE |) * Resistance also depends on the, the conductor. (Gy < Silver has low resistance. Iron has higher resistance than silver. * It’s a good conductor. = ltis mostly depends on these 3 factors : * Resistance is directly proportional to the length of the conductor. * Resistance is inversly proportional to the Area of cross-section of the conductor. 3) Nature of Material * Resistance also depends on the nature of the conductor. ae ROL . Reray— R&L/A (RE PLIA) (p = Rho) + Rho = Resistivityim Itis a fundamental property of a material that resist the flow of electric current. m It’s Symbol is Rho (p). * p=RxAL + Om =O x m/m im Its SI unit is Ohm meter (Om). Dltis Constant. @ Range of resistivity of metals and alloys is 10% to 10° Q meter. ® Range of resistivity of Non metals (Insulators) is 10” to 10”” Q meter. @ Copper and aluminium used for electrical transmission as they've low resisitivity. im Itis an electronic component that limit or regulate the electric current. = A resisitor is anything that through easily. m For Example : RSE Cola siete fs + VeVi4+ye4ys IR=IR! + 1R2+ IRE ‘ + IR=1(R#R,+R,) +R =RARSAR, ‘ay (Crates Potential Diference)Resistor in Parallel a VER wl=V/R wl =V/R, . } l= 14141, > > . 3” V/R=V/R,+V/R,AV/R, 1/R=1/R,+1/R,+1/R, L446), J Battery Series Resistance @ The Current is constant. eel Maxessi ce ale=) ® The Voltage is constant. @ The Total resistance is the reciprocal of the sum of individual resistances 1m The Total resistance is the sum of all Resistances present in the circuit. m The Combined resistance is more than as compared to parallel resistance. g “Resistance in Series” “Resistance in Parallel” Advantages of Parallel Combinatio' @ In Series, when one resistor fails, the circuit is broken and non component works. @). @ rent Ammer he sock HHH 50: Series Combination Parallel CombinationAdvantages of Parallel Combinatio: © In Series, when one resistor fails, the circuit is broken and non component works. ® Different Appliances required different current. This cannot be satisfied in series combination. @ Total Resistance in parallel combination is less as compared to series combination. Heating Effect of Electric Curren m When an electric current through a conductor like high resistance wire, the conductor becomes hot After sometime produces Heat. This is called Heating Effect of Electric Current. Heating Effect of Electric Current m= When an electric current through a conductor like high resistance wire, the conductor becomes hot After sometime produces Heat. This is called Heating Effect of Electric Current. HIGH RESISTANCE CONDUCTOR ENERGY = WORK DONEHeating Effect of Electric Curre m When an electric current through a conductor like high resistance wire, the conductor becomes hot After sometime produces Heat. This is called Heating Effect of Electric Current. * V=W/Q or V=H/Q * H=VxQ (Charge) = Q=IxT © H=VxIxT - V=EIKR © H=PxRxT (H) HEAT = WORK DONE (W) Joules Law Of Heating m When a current flows in the conductor then amount of heat generated is directly proportional to the square of current, Resistance and Time for which current flows. © Hol? | ~He PRT HER | = prt eHaT Practical Appliances Of Heating Effect Of Electric Curren [ Electric Bulb | Bulb Tr's an Heating device, and its Filament made. up of Tungsten metal. m Heating effect is desirable in these Devices: ees0 m Heating effect is Undesirable in these Devices: Television *engon ntl metal’s Meliing point is so iS seep bul is filed with non reactive gases like Nitrogen and Argon.Electric Fuse It is a device which protects circuits and appliances by stopping flow of electric current in case of short circuit or overloading. @ tris clways connected in Series. e—S ® It has low Melting Point.. @® The wire of fuse is made up of Metals or Alloys of like Tin, Copper, Aluminium. Electric Power e in an electric circuit is called Electric power. WATT and represented by Capital W. Electric Its SI unit power is P=E/T (E = Heat) + P=H/T (H = VIT) Alera aren ries + P=Vxl (V=IR) Pd ead © P=I?xR (I = V/R) + P=V2/R Comme! = Commercial unit is the one which we use commonly. m= We generally measures Power in Kilo-watt and Time in Hour. m So, the Commercial unit will be KILO-WATT HOUR. Tema else alelele + 1 KW= 1000 Watts + 1 Hour = 3600 Seconds + 3.6 x 10° Watt Seconds e Tkilo Watt Hour * 3.6 x 10° Joules