Oops 1

ST.
THOMAS’ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING ( PCC – CS 503 )
BASICS OF OBJECT ORIENTATION
A. K. SIROMONI
STCET
Lecture on BASICS of OOP
At the End of the Lecture Students will be able to -

Lecture Objective 1 : Understand difference between Object
Oriented and Procedural approach
Lecture Objective 2 : Understand Software Life Cycle
Lecture Objective 3 : Design a solution in Object Oriented way
A.K.SIROMONI (AIML) 2
PRODUCT , PROJECT AND PROGRAM
• WHY WE NEED TO LEARN AND WORK WITH COMPUTER

IN SCHOOL , COLLEGE, OFFICE AND EVEN IN HOME ?
• WE HAVE TO SOLVE SOME PROBLEM . THE BIGGEST

PROBLEM IN SOLVING IS , THE PROBLEM IS ALWAYS
UNIQUE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY DOMAIN.
THE CREATER OF THE PRODUCT MAY BE SATISFIED WITH THE

QUALITY OF THE FINAL PRODUCT BUT IT IS ULTIMATELY USER’S
SATISFACTION AND ACCEPTANCE DETERMINE THE QUALITY OF THE
FINAL PRODUCT.
A. K. Siromoni ( STCET) 3
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
SOLVING THE COMPLETE PROBLEM

STEPWISE AND PRODUCE A SOFTWARE
PRODUCT WHICH DEALS WITH THE
SOLUTION WITHOUT ANY ERROR,
EXCEPTION AND DEFECT IS SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING.
PRODUCT , PROJECT AND PROGRAM
REQUIREMENT : PRODUCT
P
PROBLEM SOLUTION
FEASIBILITY STUDY PRODUCT R
O
REQIREMENT ANALYSIS ACCEPTANCE TESTING
J
DESIGN SYSTEM TESTING
E
IMPLEMENTATION INTEGRATION TESTING C
(CODING) UNIT TESTING
T
OBJECT ORIENTATION VS PROCEDURAL APPROACH
• IN OBJECT ORIENTED APPRACH , THE MAIN AIM IS WHO ( THE OBJECT )
CAN SOLVE THE PROBLEM
• IN PROCEDURAL APPRACH , THE MAIN AIM IS HOW ( THE ALORITHM )

CAN THE PROBLEM BE SOLVED
EXAMPLE
Problem : SOME DATA HAS TO BE PRINTED IN ASCENDING ORDER
PROCEDURAL SOLUTION : EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT SORTING ALGORITHM
HAS TO BE CODED .
SORT( int *array ) ; // sort is a function to be implemented to arrange array
OBJECT ORIENTED SOLUTION : TO FIND AN OBJECT WHO KNOWS EFFECTIVE AND

EFFICIENT SORTING .
A.SORT(array) // A is an object who knows sorting
OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS :
Object-oriented analysis is a method of analysis that examines
requirements from the perspective of the classes and objects found in the
vocabulary of the problem domain.
OBJECT ORIENTED DESIGN :

Object-oriented design is a method of design encompassing the process of
object-oriented decomposition and a notation for depicting both logical and
physical as well as static and dynamic models of the system under design.
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING:

Object-oriented programming is a method of implementation in which
programs are organized as cooperative collections of objects, each of which
represents an instance of some class, and whose classes are all members of
a hierarchy of classes united via inheritance relationships.
REFERENCE : OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN WITH APPLICATIONS, SECOND EDITION,
ADDITION – WESLEY , BY GRADY BOOCH
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN:
DEFINITION OF SOME KEYWORDS
A PROBLEM IS DECOMPOSED INTO SMALLER PIECES TO REDUCE COMPLEXITY AND

FOR EASIER DEBUGGING.
SMALLEST / ATOMIC PART OF ALGORITMIC DECOMPOSITION : FUNCTION
SMALLEST / ATOMIC PART OF OBJECT ORIENTED DECOMPOSITION : CLASS
COLLECTION OF ROUTINES ( FUNCTIONS, CLASSES etc ) WITH SIMILARITY : MODULE
EXAMPLE OF MODULES : HEADER FILES (C / C++) , PACKAGE ( JAVA, PYTHON)
INTERDEPENDENCE AMONG MODULES : COUPLING ( SHOULD BE LOW )
INTRADEPENDENCE AMONG MODULES : COHESION ( SHOULD BE HIGH )
Entity : A thing with distinct and independent existence.
Obect : An entity with state , behavior and identity , an instance of a

class.
Class : A class is a set of objects that share a common structure and a common
behavior.
State The state of an object encompasses all of the (usually static) properties of
the object plus the current (usually dynamic) values of each of these properties.
The state of an object represents the cumulative results of its behavior.
Concrete State : The state where behavior of an object / objects remain same
from start to end of a sequence of an event.
Concrete Class : A concrete class is a class that has an implementation for all of
its methods with no abstract methods.
Concrete Invariant : A set of properties remains same through out the state of
the object.
Abstract State : The State which virtually exists but not exist actually for an
object in state change sequence .
Abstract Class : A class is where at least one functionality (method) is not

defined . So no object of that class can be directly accessible .
Abstract Function : A function whose declaration is available in class but

definition is not available . So an abstract function create a class to be an
abstract class.
Behavior : Behavior is how an object acts and reacts, in terms of its state
changes and message passing.
Identity : Identity is that property of an object which distinguishes it from all

other objects in a particular scenario.
Data : Facts and numbers collected together for reference , examination or

analysis to help decision making.
Analysis : An investigation of the component parts of a whole problem and

their relations in understanding the whole solution.
Design : IEEE defines software design as ‘both a process of defining, the

architecture, components, interfaces, and other characteristics of a system or
component and the result of that process.’
*IEEE : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Data Dictionary / Metadata : Data dictionary means all information about data
and relations used in the database.
Information: Relevant data processed together to generate knowledge about

the system and decision making.
OBJECT ORIENTATION VS PROCEDURAL APPROACH
EXAMPLE
Problem : A TOLL BOOTH OPENS AT 8AM AND CLOSES AT 8 PM . EVERY CAR CROSSES
THE TOLL BOOTH HAS TO PAY ₹ 1.00 . IF ANY CAR DOES NOT PAY, THE CAR NUMBER
IS NOTED. CREATE A SOFTWARE PRODUCT TO GENERATE REPORTS FOR
1) TOTAL MONEY COLLECTED

2) CAR NUMBERS WHICH HAVE NOT GIVEN MONEY
WHAT WILL BE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OBJECT ORIENTED

APPROACH AND PROCEDURAL APPROACH ?

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ST.

THOMAS’ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING ( PCC – CS 503 )

BASICS OF OBJECT ORIENTATION

At the End of the Lecture Students will be able to -

Lecture Objective 2 : Understand Software Life Cycle

Lecture Objective 3 : Design a solution in Object Oriented way

• WHY WE NEED TO LEARN AND WORK WITH COMPUTER

• WE HAVE TO SOLVE SOME PROBLEM . THE BIGGEST

THE CREATER OF THE PRODUCT MAY BE SATISFIED WITH THE

SOLVING THE COMPLETE PROBLEM

• IN PROCEDURAL APPRACH , THE MAIN AIM IS HOW ( THE ALORITHM )

OBJECT ORIENTED SOLUTION : TO FIND AN OBJECT WHO KNOWS EFFECTIVE AND

OBJECT ORIENTED DESIGN :

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING:

A PROBLEM IS DECOMPOSED INTO SMALLER PIECES TO REDUCE COMPLEXITY AND

SMALLEST / ATOMIC PART OF ALGORITMIC DECOMPOSITION : FUNCTION

SMALLEST / ATOMIC PART OF OBJECT ORIENTED DECOMPOSITION : CLASS

COLLECTION OF ROUTINES ( FUNCTIONS, CLASSES etc ) WITH SIMILARITY : MODULE

EXAMPLE OF MODULES : HEADER FILES (C / C++) , PACKAGE ( JAVA, PYTHON)

INTERDEPENDENCE AMONG MODULES : COUPLING ( SHOULD BE LOW )

INTRADEPENDENCE AMONG MODULES : COHESION ( SHOULD BE HIGH )

Obect : An entity with state , behavior and identity , an instance of a

Abstract Class : A class is where at least one functionality (method) is not

Abstract Function : A function whose declaration is available in class but

Identity : Identity is that property of an object which distinguishes it from all

Data : Facts and numbers collected together for reference , examination or

Analysis : An investigation of the component parts of a whole problem and

Design : IEEE defines software design as ‘both a process of defining, the

Information: Relevant data processed together to generate knowledge about

1) TOTAL MONEY COLLECTED

WHAT WILL BE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OBJECT ORIENTED

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