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Abstract
Pleurotus eryngii, a type of edible mushroom that exhibit various pharmacological properties, including
antioxidant and anticancer effects. In the present study, extracted β-glucan from the P. eryngii was tested as
an antioxidant and anti-tumor factor. β-glucan was extracted and analyzed by HPLC and FT-IR. Analytical
results showed more than 90% similarity in chemical structure and purity. Potential antioxidant activity of
β-glucan was examined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and compared with ascorbic acid.β-
glucan confirmed a potential scavenging activity. The anticancer activity of theβ-glucan was assessed using
different concentrations (6.25 to 400 µgmL-1) on MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines. P. eryngiiβ-glucan exerted
a dose-dependent reduction in MCF-7 and HepG2 cell viability with an IC50 of 280.00 and 539.5 µg mL-1,
respectively. At the same time, no significant effect was recorded on normal cell line WRL 68. The obtained
results are expected that could be used to develop P. eryngiiβ-glucanas an antitumor drug.
Fig. 1: HPLC chromatogram for (Top) β-glucan standard and (Down) the test sample.
FT-IR analysis of P. eryngiiβ-glucan with represent the existence of C-O-C group(18). In addition,
absorption range of 4000-400 cm-1 to was compared hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups were detected
with the resulted functional groups of the standard. Fig. at band 2923.88 cm-1, these groups are features of
(2A), shows that the band range of ~1027.99 cm-1 is a carbohydrate structure(19). Moreover, both sample and
characteristic feature of polysaccharides and assigned standard showed high degree of similarity with respect
for β-1,4 glucans(17), the absorbance peak at this band to overall spectra abortion.
2496 Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2020, Vol. 14, No. 3
Fig. 2: FT-IR Spectra of (A) extracted P. eryngii β-glucan sample (B) standard.
The scavenging activity of P. eryngiiβ-glucan was which display many biological activities including
estimated using increasing concentrations of β-glucan. antioxidant(20). Antioxidant activity of β-glucan is
Results in Fig. (3) demonstrate a potential free radical highly dependent on mushroom source and method of
scavenging capability of P. eryngiiβ-glucan with extraction. Our results are in agreement with Roncero-
calculated IC50 value of 39.3 µg mL-1. By comparing with Ramoset al.,(21) which described the antioxidant activity
ascorbic acid (IC50 27.47 µg mL-1), P. eryngiiβ-glucan of β-glucan from different mushroom sources including
showed no significant differences in the pattern of free P. eryngii. Another study involving edible mushrooms
radicles reduction among all the tested concentrations. revealed that β-glucan exhibited antioxidant activity 64
β-glucanare the most abundant forms of polysaccharides to 93% reduction of DPPH (22).
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2020, Vol. 14, No. 3 2497
Fig. 3: Mean (%) DPPH scavenging activity of P. eryngii β-glucan with respect to ascorbic acid. NS: Non-
Significant.
Various concentrations of P. eryngiiβ-glucan MCF-7 and HepG2 viability. The effect of MCF-7 and
were tested againstMCF-7 and HepG2 tumor cells. HepG2 viability by P. eryngiiβ-glucanexhibited a dose
In the present study we used the MTT assay, which dependent pattern of reduction with a calculated IC50 of
is universally used to evaluate the cytotoxic potency 280.00 and 539.5 µg mL-1, respectively. On the other
of drugs in vitro(12). Results in Fig. (4) shows that the hand, P. eryngiiβ-glucan hadslight toxic effect on the
more increasing in β-glucan dose the more reduction in cell viability of normal cells WRL68.
Fig. 4: MTT assay for P. eryngii β-glucan against (A) MCF-7 (B) HepG2 with corresponding normal cell line
WRL68. Mean (±SD) of viability was detected after 24 h treatment. Differences considered significant:
**p ≤ 0.01. NS: Non-Significant, SD: Standard Deviation.
The biological, immunological and pharmacological cells indicated a significant dose-dependent inhibition
activities of glucans extracted from edible mushroom are of cell proliferation and exerted direct cytotoxicity
mainly attributed to β-glucan(23). The cytotoxic activity after 24 h. Many reports indicated the anti-proliferative
of P. eryngiiβ-glucan against different types of tumor effect of β-glucan extracted from different mushroom
2498 Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, July-September 2020, Vol. 14, No. 3
sources. The effect of β-glucanin vitro against different and quality of life in ovarian and breast cancer
tumor cell lines was well demonstrated (23). In addition, patients. Current opinion in obstetrics &
pervious finding indicated that the toxicity of β-glucan gynecology. 2006;18(1):24-8.
on human pigmented malignant melanoma (Me45) cell 7. Cha YJ, Alam N, Lee JS, Lee KR, Shim MJ, Lee
line increased by increasing β-glucan concentration MW, et al. Anticancer and Immunopotentiating
with viability reduction reached up to 19%. Moreover, Activities of Crude Polysaccharides from Pleurotus
it was proved that glucans in nature have low toxicity on nebrodensis on Mouse Sarcoma 180. Mycobiology.
normal cells and well tolerated by patients treated with 2012;40(4):236-43.
glucan combination(24).
8. Wood PJ. Physicochemical properties and
physiological effects of the (1----3)(1----4)-beta-
Conclusions
D-glucan from oats. Advances in experimental
We can conclude that the extracted P. eryngiiβ- medicine and biology. 1990;270:119-27.
glucan exhibited strong antioxidant capabilities and 9. Naja G, Mustin C, Volesky B, Berthelin J. A high-
promising anti-proliferative potential on tumor cells resolution titrator: a new approach to studying
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mechanism of β-glucan in inducing tumor cell viability Research. 2005;39(4):579-88.
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ESTIMATION OF THE WHOLE FLAVONOID,
Conflict of Interest: Non
ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI BACTERIAL
Funding: Self-funding. CHALLENGE CONCERNING VIOLA
ODORATA (BANAFSHA) METHANOLIC
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