2.2 04 - Circle Solved Questions PDF

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Circle

1) A point A is 25 cm from the centre of the circle. The length of the tangent drawn fromA
to the circle is 24 cm. Find the radius.
Solution:
AB is a tangent to the circle with point of contact B and OB is the radius.
 OB AB …… (Tangent at any point of the circle is perpendicular to the radius.)
OBA= 90 ( Radius is perpendicular to the tangent.)
In ΔOAB, OAB  90 (Pythagoras Theorem)
AO2 = AB2 + OB2
 252  242  OB2
625  576  OB2
OB2  625  576 A
OB2  49
Taking square root of both the sides we get,
OB  7 cm
The radius of the circle is 7cm

2) In the fig, if AB=AC, prove that BE=EC


Solution:
AB is tangent to the circle with the point of contact D,
AC is tangent to the circle with the point of contact F and
BC is tangent to the circle with the point of contact E.
AB=AC----------------------(given)
Tangents drawn from an exterior point to the circle are equal.
 AD=AF........... (1)
BD=BE............ (2)
CF=CE............ (3)
AD+BD=AF+FC------- (since AB = AC and D & F are midpoints of AB & AC
respectively.)
AF+BD=AF+FC (from (1))
 BD=FC.......... (4)
From (2), (3) and (4)
BE=CE

3) If tangents AB and AC from a point A to a circle are inclined to each other at 80 then
find BOC
Solution:
Circle

AB and AC are tangents to the circle with the point of contact B and C respectively.
OB and OC are radii of the circle.(OB AB, OC AC)
OCA  90 &OBA  90
BAC  80 ------------------------ (Given)

In Quadrilateral OBAC
OBA  BAC  OCA  BOC  360 (Sum of angles in a
quadrilateral)
90  80  90  BOC  360
BOC  360   90  80  90
BOC  360  260  100
BOC  100

4) Prove that in two concentric circles, the chord of larger circle, which touches the smaller circle,
is bisected at the point of contact of the smaller circle.
Solution:
Let O be the centre of the two concentric circles and let PQ be the
chord of the bigger circle

which touch the smaller circle at the point M. Join OM.

For the smaller circle, OM is radius and PQ is tangent.

OM  PQ (radius is perpendicular to the tangent at the point of contact)


For the bigger circle, OM is line drawn from the centre perpendicular to the chord PQ
 PM  QM
 M bisects the chord PQ

5) In the fig, AB=3cm, is the tangent to the circle (O, 2cm), then find the length of BC.
Solution:
AB is the tangent to the circle(O,2cm)
Since r=2cm  d=4cm i.e. AC = 4cm.----(diameter=2 radius)
We know that OA is the radius and AB is the tangent.
OAB  90 (tangent at any point of the circle is perpendicular to the radius OA AB)
Circle

CAB  90 (C-A-B)---------(C – O – A)


In CAB, CAB= 90
 BC 2  AB2  AC 2 (Pythagoras theorem)
BC 2  32  42
BC 2  9  16  25
Taking square roots on both sides we get,
BC=5cm

6) Prove that the tangents drawn at the end points of a diameter of a circle are parallel.
Solution:
Consider a circle with centre at ‘O’ and radius ‘R’ [i.e. (O, R)].
Let MN be the diameter of the circle(O, R) and let AB and PQ are the tangents through the end points of the diameter
MN i.e. through the points ‘M’ & ‘N’ respectively
OM and ON are radii of the circle and AB and PQ are tangents at M and N respectively.
OM AB & ON PQ
OMB  90 andONQ  90
ONQ  OMB  90  90  180
These angles are remote interior angles. Since the remote
Interior angles are supplementary the lines are parallel.
Hence, AB is parallel to PQ.

7) In two concentric circles, the radii are 5cm and 13 cm. If the chord of the circle (O, 13cm)
is the tangent of circle (O, 5cm) then find the length of the chord of the bigger circle.
Solution:To find AB = ?
Radius of the smaller circle =OC=r=5cm
Radius of the bigger circle=OA=R=13cm
For the smaller circle, OC=OP=5cm
AB is tangent to smaller circle and OP is radius.
OP  AB
And AP=PB------------------ (1)
Consider ΔOAP, in this OPA=90
OA2  OP2  AP2 (Pythagoras Theorem)
Circle

132  52  AP2
169  25  AP2
AP2  169  25
AP2  144
Taking square root on both sides we get,
AP=12cm
AB=2AP=2 x 12--- [ AB = AP + PB & by (1)]
 AB  24cm
8) In the fig, AB and CD are two parallel tangents of a circle whose centre is O.
Another tangent PQ at X intersects AB at Y and CD at Z. Prove that YOZ  90
Solution:

Tangents AB and CD are parallel.


Tangent PQ intersects AB and CD at Y and Z respectively.(Let P  1 AOY  2 YOX  3 )
To Prove: YOZ  90
XOZ  4 ZOC  5 C  6
Construction: Join OA,OC and OX.
Proof: AB and PQ are tangents to the circle and OA and OX are radii to the circle.
OA AB and OX PQ.
OAB = OXP1  6  90 (Radius is perpendicular to the tangent)........(1)
Consider right Δ YAO and right ΔYXO, we have
OAB = OXP 1  6  90 (from (1))
OY=OY (Common side)
OA=OX (Radii of the same circle)
 ΔYAO  ΔYXO (Hypotenuse-side Theorem= two right triangles are
congruent if hypotenuses and corresponding side is congruent.)
AOY = YOX 2  3 (C.A.C.T)......(2)
Similarly we can prove  ΔZCO  ΔZXO
XOZ = COZ 4  5 (C.A.C.T)........(3)
But 2  3  4  5  180 (Linear Pair)
From (2) and (3) we get,
3  3  4  4  180
2  3  4   180
3  4  90
YOZ  90
Circle

9) In the fig, two circles touch each other at C. A line is drawn through C to meet the circles
at A and B respectively. Prove that tangents drawn at A and B are parallel.
Solution:
Since the two circles touch each other at the point C. The line through the two centres will
pass through the point of contact. O  C  Q // O-C-O’
Construction: join OA and O’B.
Consider ΔOAC,
OA=OC (Radii of the same circle)
OAC  OCA (Isosceles triangle theorem)........(1)
Now Consider ΔO’CB
O’C=O’B (Radii of the same circle)
O ' CB  O ' BC (Isosceles triangle theorem)..........(2)
But, O ' CB  OCA (Vertically Opposite Angles)...........(3)
From (1), (2) and (3) we get,
O ' BC  OAC
O ' BA  OAB (A-C-B).....(4)
Consider Circle with centre O
AP is the tangent and OA is the radius.
OA AP
OAP  90
SimilarlyO ' BQ  90
O ' BQ  OAP (Both 90 )
O ' BA  QBA  OAB  PAB (Angle Addition Property)
O ' BA  QBA  O ' BA  PAB (From (4))
Cancelling O ' BA on both sides we get,
QBA  PAB
By alternate angle test we get, AP BQ
 AP BQ

10) In the fig, A is a point of intersection of two circles with centres O and O’.
The tangent at A meets the circles at B and C respectively again. Now let
P be a point so that AOPO’ is a parallelogram. Prove that P is the circumcentre of ΔABC.
Solution:
Let R and r be the radii of the circles with the centres O & O’ respectively.
AC is tangent to the circle (O,R)
AB is tangent to the circle (O’, r)
Circle

AOPO’ is a parallelogram.
Since, AO’ is radius and AB is Tangent to the circle at A
O’A AB /(Radius is perpendicular to the tangent)....(1)
AO’PO is a parallelogram (Given)
AO’ OP[since opposite sides of parallelogram are parallel] ------ (2)
From (1) and (2)
PO AB
Consider the Circle (O, R)
AB is a chord and OP is a Line segment perpendicular to it through
the centre.
 OP bisects AB. AO = OB
Similarly we can prove that O’P bisects AC and O’P AC
Consider ΔABC
OP is the perpendicular bisector of side AB
O’P is the perpendicular bisector of side AC

11) A circle is touching the side BC of ΔABC at P and touching the sides AB and AC
produced at Q and R respectively. Prove that AQ= (Perimeter of ΔABC)
Solution:In the fig,

AQ=AR 

BQ=BP  (Length of tangents to a circle from an external point are equal).....(1)
CR=CP 

Consider ΔABC,
Perimeter of ΔABC = AB+BC+CA
= AB+(BP +PC)+CA
= AB+(BQ+CR)+CA.... [from (1)]
= (AB+BQ) + (CR+CA)
=AQ+AR
=AQ+AQ (from (1))
=2AQ
Circle

12) In the fig, if AB=AC=6 cm and AP=2PB. Find BC


Solution:
AB=6cm (Given)
AB=AP+BP=6cm
But AP=2BP------- (given)
 2BP+BP=6

3BP=6cm
6
 BP=  2 cm
3

AP=2BP=2 x 2=4cm
AP=AQ=4cm
BP=BR=2cm ------------- (Length of tangents to a circle from an external point are equal)

QC = AC–AQ = 6 – 4 =2cm
CQ=CR=2cm--------------- (Length of tangents to a circle from an external point are equal)
Now BC=BR+CR (B-R-C)
BC= 2 + 2=4cm
BC  4cm

13) If AB, AC and PQ are tangents to the circle and AB=5cm. Find the perimeter of ΔAPQ

Solution:
AB=5cm (Given)
AB =AP+PB=5cm.....(1)
AB and AC are tangents to the circle from the external point A.
 AB=AC (Length of tangents to a circle from an external point are equal)
AC=AQ+QC=5cm....(2)

PB and PX are tangents to the circle from the external point P.


 PB=PX (Length of tangents to a circle from an external point are equal)
 (1) becomes AP+PX=5cm......(3)
QC and QX are tangents to the circle from the external point Q.
 QC=QX (Length of tangents to a circle from an external point are equal)
Circle

 (2) becomes AQ+QX=5cm......(4)


Consider ΔAPQ
Perimeter of ΔAPQ = AP+PQ+AQ
= AP+(PX+XQ)+AQ (P-X-Q)
= (AP+PX)+(XQ+AQ)-------------- {BY (3) & (4)}
=10

14) Prove that the angle between the two tangents drawn from an external point to a circle is
supplementary to the angle subtended by the line segments joining the point of contact to the centre.
Solution:
Given: PQ and PR are tangents to the circle(O,r).
To Prove: QOR  QPR  180
Proof: OQ and OR are radii to the circle and PQ and PR are tangents.
OQ  PQ and OR  PR (Radius is perpendicular to tangent)
ORP  OQP  90 .......(1)

Consider quadrilateral PQOR


P  Q  O  R  360 (Sum of angles in a quadrilateral)
P  90  O  90  360 (from (1))
P  O  180  360
P  O  180

QOR  QPR  180

15) In the fig, prove that XA+AR=XB+BR


Solution:
XP=XQ 

AP=AR  (Length of tangents to a circle from an external point are equal).....(1)
BR=BQ 
XP=XA+AP=XA+AR....(from (1))......(2)
XQ=XB+BQ=XB+BR....(from (1))......(3)
From (1),(2) and (3) we get,
Circle

XA+AR=XB+BR

16) The sides of a quadrilateral ABCD touches a circle. Prove that AB+CD=BC+AD
Solution:
The sides AB,BC,CD and DA of the quadrilateral ABCD touch the circle at P,Q,R and S respectively.
AP  AS 
DR  DS 
 (Length of tangents to a circle from an external point are
CR  CQ 
BP  BQ 
equal).....(1)
AP  DR  CR  BP  AS  DS  CQ  BQ
(AP+BP)+(CR+DR)=(AS+DS)+(CQ+BQ)

 AB+CD=DA+BC

17) Prove that the angles drawn at the ends of a chord of a circle make equal angles with the chord.
Solution:
Given: AB and CD are two tangents at points P and Q of the chord PQ of a circle (O,r)
To Prove: APQ  CQP and BPQ  DQP
Construction: Join OP and OQ.
Proof: Since OP and OQ are the radii of the circle and AB and CD are tangents at P and Q.
OP AB& OQ DC.
OPA  90 and OQC  90 (Radius is perpendicular to the tangent)
OPA  OQC (Both 90 )....(1)
Consider ΔOPQ
OP=OQ=r
OPQ  OQP (Isosceles triangle theorem)..... (2)
Adding (1) and (2) we get,

OPA  OPQ  OQC  OQP


 APQ  CQP .....(3)
APQ  BPQ  180 (Linear Pair)......(4)
And DQP  CQP  180 (Linear Pair) .....(5)
Since the R.H.S of (4) and (5) are equal, L.H.S are also equal.
Circle

APQ  BPQ  DQP  CQP .....(6)


From (3) and (6) we get
APQ  BPQ  DQP  APQ
BPQ  DQP

18) A triangle ABC is drawn to circumscribe a circle of radius 4cm such that the segments
BD and DC into which BC is provided by the point of contact D are of lengths 8cm and 6 cm
respectively. Find the sides AB and AC.
Solution:
ABC is a triangle circumscribing the circle of radius 4cm.
Let the circle touch AC at E and AB at F.

CD  CE  6cm 
 (Length of tangents to a circle from an external point are equal).....(1)
BD  BF  8cm 
LET AE=AF=xcm(Length of tangents to a circle from an external point are equal)
S=semi perimeter of a triangle= perimeter of ΔABC = { AB + BC + AC }
= { (AF+FB) + (BD+DC) + (AE+EC) }
= { (x+8) + (8+6) + (x+6)}
= { 2x + 28 } = = x +14.

Area of ΔABC = S (S  a)(S  b)(S  c) ------- where a, b and c denotes the sides of the triangle.

= (14  x)(14  x  14)(14  x  (6  x))(14  x  (8  x))


= (14  x)( x)(8)(6) .......(2)
Area of ΔABC =ar(ΔBOC) + ar(ΔAOB) +ar(ΔCOA)
From (2)
1  1  1 
(14  x)( x)(8)(6) =   14  4  +   ( x  8)  4  +   ( x  6)  4 
2  2  2 
48x(14  x) =28 + 2(8+x) + 2(6+x)
Squaring both sides we get,

48x(14  x) =  28 + 2(8+x) + 2(6+x) 


2

672 x  48x 2   28  16  2 x  12  2 x 
2
Circle

672 x  48x 2   56  4 x 
2

672 x  48x 2  16 14  x 


2

Dividing throughout by 16 we get,

42 x  3x 2  14  x 
2

42 x  3x2  196  28x  x2 ------ [Using (a + b)2=a2+b2+2ab]


3x2  x2  42 x  28x 196  0
2 x2  14 x  196  0
Dividing throughout by 2 we get,
x2  7 x  98  0
x2  14 x  7 x  98  0
x( x  14)  7( x  14)  0
( x  14)( x  7)  0
x  -14 or x=7
Since x cannot be negative. ( since length can’t be a negative value.)
x=7cm
AC=AE+EC=x+6=7+6=13cm
AB=AF+FB=x+8=7+8=15cm
AC=13 cm & AB=15 cm

19) If PA and PB are two tangents drawn from a point to a circle with centre O
touch it at A and B, prove that OP is perpendicular bisector of AB.
Solution:
Let ‘r’ be the radius of the given circle with centre ‘O’.
Given: PA and PB are two tangents of the circle (O,r).
To Prove: OP is the perpendicular bisector of AB.

Construction:
Let T be the point of intersection of the lines OP & AB.
Join OA and OB.(Let ATP  3 BTP  4 APT  1 BPT  2 )

Proof:

In ΔAPO and ΔBPO


Circle

AP=BP (Length of tangents to a circle from an external point are equal)


AO=BO (Radii of the same circle)
PO=PO (Common Side)
ΔBPO (SSS test of congruence)
1  2 (C.A.C.T).......(1)

In ΔAPT and ΔBPT


AP=PB (Length of tangents to a circle from an external point are equal)
PT=PT (Common Side)
1  2 (from (1))
ΔBPT (SAS test of Congruence)
3  4 (C.A.C.T).....(2)
AT=BT (C.S.C.T).......(3)
3  4  180 (Linear Pair)
3  3  180 (from (2))
23  180
3  90 i.e. ATP  90
 PT  AB
OP  AB (P-T-O).....(4)
From (3) and (4) we get
OP is the Perpendicular bisector of AB

20) Prove that the parallelogram circumscribing a circle is a rhombus.


Solution:
Let PQRS is a parallelogram circumscribing the circle (O,r) which touches the sides PQ,
QR, RS and SP in points A,B,C and D respectively.

PA = PD [Tangents from point P] ----------------- (1)

QA = QB [Tangents from point Q] ----------------- (2)

RC = RB [Tangents from point R] ----------------- (3)

SC = SD [Tangents from point S] ----------------- (4)


Circle

PQ  RS 
 (Opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal)......(5)
QR  PS 
Adding L.H.S. & R.H.S. of (1),(2),(3) and (4) we get,

PA+QA+RC+SC=PD+QB+RB+SD
(PA+QA)+(RC+SC)=(PD+SD)+(QB+RB)
PQ+RS=PS+QR
PQ+PQ=PS+PS (from (5))
2PQ=2PS
 PQ=PS .
Thus, PQRS is a parallelogram with two adjacent sides equal.
Hence PQRS is a rhombus.
From (2) and (3) we can say that
PQ=PS=QR=RS
 PQRS is a rhombus.

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