Scribd
Upload
17 views

Handout (Histogram) and Frequency Table Group Data

Uploaded by

balladofsunny
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views

Handout (Histogram) and Frequency Table Group Data

Uploaded by

balladofsunny
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Frequency Table with grouped data

Sometimes the data under consideration has such a large range of values that if is most useful to
collect these values into group (or classes), and the class interval is defined as the size of the
group (or class) chosen.

When the set of data values are spread out, it is difficult to set up a frequency table for every data
value as there will be too many rows in the table. So, we group the data into class intervals (or
groups) to help us organize, interpret and analyze the data.

Ideally, we should have between five and ten rows in a frequency table. Bear this in mind when
deciding the size of the class interval (or group). Each group starts at a data value that is a
multiple of that group. For example, if the size of the group is 5, then the groups should start at
5, 10, 15, 20 etc. Likewise, if the size of the group is 10, then the groups should start at 10, 20,
30, 40 etc.

The frequency of a group (or class interval) is the number of data values that fall in the range
specified by that group (or class interval).

Interval size (Class)

Range
Number of Interval:
Choice of Interval

Range: Highest Observation – Lowest Observation

Other key terms:

Class Limits- the class limits are the end values of the class intervals. Each class interval has
two class limits – a lower class it to the left and an upper-class limit to the right.

Class Boundaries - class boundaries are the midpoints between the upper-class limit of a class
and the lower-class limit of the next class in the sequence. Therefore, each class has an upper-
and lower-class boundary.

The boundary between two classes =

The upper class limit of thelower class rank +The lower class limit of the higher class rank
2
Class Midpoint – the midpoint of a class interval is defined as the average of the lower and
upper boundaries of the class. The mid-point of a class interval is very important at it is
sometimes used to stand for the whole group. the class midpoint is also called the class mid-
mark (or the class value).

The lower class boundary +The upper class boundary


The class Midpoint =
2

It should also be noted that the midpoint of a class interval can also be defined as the average of
the lower and upper limits of the class.

The lower class limit +The upper clas limit


The class mid-point =
2

Class size (width of a class) – the width of a class interval also known as the class size is
defined as the difference between the upper- and lower-class boundaries.

The width of a class interval = the upper-class boundary – the lower-class boundary

It should be noted that the width for a particular grouped frequency distribution are always equal to a
single value. We just need to calculate the class width for one size only. It should also be noted that the
width of a class interval (or class size or unit size) is not equal to the difference between the upper- and
lower-class limits.

Histogram Grouped Data


A histogram can be used to represent graphically, a frequency distribution with grouped data. In
the case of grouped data, we plot either the class boundaries or class midpoints along the
horizontal axis against corresponding frequencies.
Method
1) Students will be given the example.
2) They will copy and insert a third column form the class boundaries.
3) The students will be instructed on how to draw the histogram using the class boundaries
(The first lower boundary is used along with subsequent lower boundaries or the lower
boundaries are used along with the last upper boundary).
4) The process will be repeated for the class midpoints.
5) Students will complete a question from their text which also requires them to calculate
probabilities and percentages using aspects of the data.

Class Activity
The grouped frequency distribution for Grade Eleven Mock Examination are given in the
frequency table below.
Class Intervals Frequencies
40-49 3
50-59 10
60-69 53
70-79 107
80-89 147
90-99 130
(a) 100-109 78 Draw a histogram to represent the information
110-119 59
given above
120-129 36
(b) 130-139 What is the relative frequency of the class (70 –
11
140-149 6 79)?
(c) 150-159 1 What percentage of students who got grade
160-169 1 between 120 and 149?

Solution
 You should decide on whether you will be using the class boundary or the class mid
points to construct your histogram. However, for explanation purposes we will be doing
both cases.
 Using the class boundaries, you should find or construct a table like the one below.

Class Lower Upper Frequencies


Intervals Boundaries Boundaries
40-49 39.5 49.5 3
50-59 49.5 59.5 10
60-69 59.5 69.5 53
70-79 69.5 79.5 107
80-89 79.5 89.5 147
90-99 89.5 99.5 130
100-109 99.5 109.5 78
110-119 109.5 119.5 59
120-129 119.5 129.5 36
130-139 129.5 139.5 11
140-149 139.5 149.5 6
Class
150-159 149.5Class 159.5Frequencies 1
Intervals
160-169 159.5Midpoint 169.5 1
40-49 44.5 3
 If you are using the54.5
50-59 class limits it should
10 look like this below.
60-69 64.5 53
70-79 74.5 107
80-89 84.5 147
90-99 94.5 130
100-109 104.5 78
110-119 114.5 59
120-129 124.5 36
130-139 134.5 11
140-149 144.5 6
150-159 154.5 1
160-169 164.5 1
You can add the lower and upper boundary of each class interval and then divide it by 2. For
39.5+49.5 89
example, using the first-class intervals; = =44.5 OR
2 2
You could just add the lower-class limit and upper-class limit then divide it by 2. For example,
40+ 49 89
using the first-class intervals; = =44.5 both cases yield some result.
2 2
 Using the class boundary and the frequency to plot the histogram. Use the frequency to
be the y – axis and the upper-class boundary on the x – axis. Please use and appropriate
scale for the y -axis so that all the data values can be captured.

Table 1. Grouped Frequency Distribution of Grade Eleven Mathematics Mock Exam Scores
(b) the relative frequency of class (70 – 79) = 107 and the total frequency is 642. So using the
The frequency of the event 107
formulae for relative frequency = =0.1666
total frequency 642
(c) the percentage of student who got grade between 120 and 149?
Percentage of student with grade (120 ≤ x ≤ 149)
The frequency of the event 53
relative frequency as a percentage X 100% = X 100=8.255 %
total frequency 642

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy