It is known that most drugs are inactivated in the liver.

Indicate which of the following steps

is the first step in the inactivation of xenobiotics
Deamination
Decarboxylation
Tissue respiration
Phosphorylation
Microsomal oxidation

L-DOPA and its derivatives are used to treat Parkinson's disease. From which amino acid
is this substance formed?
Glutamate
Asparagine
Tyrosine
Tryptophan
Arginine

It is known that the ornithine cycle is the main way of neutralizing ammonia in hu-
mans. What substance is the end product of ammonia neutralization?
Carbamoyl phosphate
Urea
Arginine
Uric acid
Citrulline

In a child of the first year of life, there is excitement, lag in physical and mental develop-
ment. The doctor suspected the hereditary disease of phenylketonuria. Determination of
which substance in the urine is a confirmation of this diagnosis?
Pyruvate
Phenylalanine
Glutamate
Phenylpyruvate
Uric acid

A patient suffering from atherosclerosis was brought to the reception department of the city
hospital with signs of exacerbation of gallstone disease. What substance prevails in the
composition of gallstones in this patient?
Urea
Cholesterol
Albumin
Uric acid
Phosphates

After drinking milk, a one-year-old child developed diarrhea, diarrhea, and bloating. Which
enzyme is deficient in a baby?
Glycosidases
Lactase
Aldolase
Maltese
Hexokinase

A significant part of pharmaceuticals is metabolized in the liver by their hydroxylation with

the participation of microsomal monooxygenases. What source of Hydrogen do these en-
zymes use?
CoA-SH
NADPH+H+
Thiamine diphosphate
Pyridoxal phosphate
Tocopherol

One of the ways of Isoniazid metabolism in the human body is methyl conjugation. Indicate
which amino acid derivative is the donor of methyl groups in this reaction:
Tyrosine
S-Adenosylmethionine
UDF-glucuronic acid
Glycine
Acetyl CoA

One of the ways of metabolism of sulfonamides in the human body is their acetylation with
the participation of acetyl-CoA. What vitamin is part of coenzyme A?
Linoleic acid
Ascorbic acid
Pantothenic acid
Glucuronic acid
Arachidonic acid

Bile acids play an important role in the digestion of lipids in the intestines. According to the
chemical structure, bile acids are derivatives of:
Cholesterol
Glycerol
Purine nucleotides
Fatty acids
Amino acids

Most antidepressants are non-selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (MAO) - flavin-

containing enzymes that catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamines in the mito-
chondria of brain neurons. MAO coenzyme is:
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Coenzyme A
Thiamine pyrophosphate
Flavinadenine dinucleotide
Pyridoxal phosphate

Psychoemotional states of a person (anxiety, restlessness, aggressiveness, impulsive-

ness) are associated with an excess of serotonin. According to the chemical structure, this
biogenic amine is a derivative of an amino acid:
Methionine
Tryptophan
Arginine
Glycine
Serena

Microelements play an important role in the human body. Which of the trace elements is
necessary for the formation of hemoglobin, myoglobin, catalase and cytochromes?
Ferum
Molybdenum
Magnesium
Cobalt
Kuprum

Steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors and affect RNA synthesis. Specify the
name of this process
Transcription
Replication
Amplification of genes
Genetic recombination
Reparation
Erythromycin binds to the ribosomes of prokaryotes sensitive to it and blocks transla-
tion. What process is inhibited first by the action of this antibiotic?
Post-translational modification
Biosynthesis of mRNA
Protein synthesis
DNA repair
DNA replication

A man was brought to the intensive care unit in serious condition after carbon monoxide
poisoning. The formation of which substance led to a serious condition?
Carbhemoglobin
Methemoglobin
Fetal hemoglobin
Carboxyhemoglobin
Oxyhemoglobin

The patient developed megaloblastic anemia against the background of alcoholic liver cir-
rhosis. Which vitamin deficiency is the main cause of anemia in this patient?
Pantothenic acid
Folic acid
Biotin
Lipoic acid
thiamine

The man has signs of albinism: blond hair, high sensitivity to sunlight, reduced vi-
sion. What amino acid metabolism disorder does the patient have?
Methionine
Histidine
Valina
Tyrosine
Proline

A patient diagnosed with thrombosis of the lower extremities was prescribed by the doctor
to take sinkumar, which is an anti-vitamin K. What process is inhibited by this drug?
Methylation of amino acid radicals
Phosphorylation of serine residues
Carboxylation of glutamate residues
Hydroxylation of proline
Hydroxylation of lysine
In patients with severe depression, the level of serotonin in the brain and cerebrospinal
fluid decreases. Which amino acid is the precursor of serotonin?
Aspartic acid
Tryptophan
Tyrosine
Threonine
Glutamic acid

Modification of proteins by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation is an important link in the

regulation of enzyme activity. Triglyceride lipase is an enzyme that is active in a phospho-
rylated state. Name the enzyme that inactivates it
Arginase
Lactate dehydrogenase
Protein phosphatase
Xanthine oxidase
Alanine aminotransferase

After a viral liver disease, signs of ammonia poisoning are observed: loss of conscious-
ness, convulsions, hyperammonemia in the blood. What process is being violated?
Glycolysis
Urea synthesis
Decay of proteins in the intestines
Cycle of tricarboxylic acids
Decarboxylation

The antitoxic function of the liver can be assessed by Quick's test. For this, the patient is
injected with sodium benzoate, which is converted into hippuric acid in the liver. Which
aromatic amino acid can be a source of benzoic acid?
Phenylalanine
Aspartate
Lysine
Glutamate
Glycine

The so-called emotional hyperglycemia occurs during emotional stress. An increase in the
level of glucose in the blood is ensured thanks to the secretion of the hormone:
adrenaline
Testosterone
Progesterone
Oxytocin
Insulin

A gel containing the natural anticoagulant heparin is recommended to a patient with vari-
cose veins to prevent blood clots. What is the chemical nature of this compound?
Phosphoprotein
Glycosaminoglycan
Nucleoprotein
Lipoprotein
Hemoprotein

The surgical intervention was complicated by malignant anemia (Addison-Birmer's dis-

ease), for the treatment of which it is advisable to combine cobalamins with other compo-
nents necessary for erythropoiesis. Specify these components
Folic acid and Ferum
Tocopherol and Sodium
Retinol and Phosphorus
Thiamin and Potassium
Riboflavin and Calcium

A patient with pulmonary tuberculosis received isoniazid for a long time, the side effect of
which was manifested by nausea and vomiting, pelagroid dermatitis, increased excitability
of the nervous system. These symptoms may be associated with vitamin deficiency:
Calciferol
Pyridoxine
Ascorbate
routine
Retinol

It is known that about 80 g of glucose is synthesized per day in the human body thanks to
gluconeogenesis. In which body does this process mainly take place?
Stomach
Heart
Skeletal muscle
Brain
Liver

Alanine is an important substrate of gluconeogenesis in the liver. Name the reaction during
which it is formed in skeletal muscles from pyruvate
Isomerization
Phosphorylation
Decarboxylation
Dehydrogenation
Transamination

The patient was diagnosed with endemic goiter as a result of iodine deficiency in the soil
and water of a certain region. The reason for the increase in the thyroid gland in this case
is increased secretion:
Somatotropin
Vasopressin
Gonadotropin
Thyrotropin
Oxytocin

Streptokinase and its preparation streptodecase are enzymes with fibrinolytic ac-
tion. Streptodecase has a longer duration of action than free streptokinase, because dur-
ing its production, the following was used:
Denaturation
Salting out
Lyophilization
Dialysis
Immobilization

Coenzyme - a component of the respiratory chain - is used to treat disorders of tissue res-
piration (hypoxia of the fetus, poisoning). Specify this compound
Catalase
Monooxygenase
Ubiquinone
Lipoic acid
Carnitine

Among the decay products of amino acids in the intestine is the compound cadaverine,
which is known for its unpleasant smell. It is formed from an amino acid:
Lysine
Alanine
Serena
Valina
Glycine

Asparagine is necessary for the synthesis of proteins in cancer - leukemic cells. An en-
zyme that destroys asparagine is used for leukemia chemotherapy. Specify this enzyme:
Arginase
Asparaginase
Alanine aminotransferase
Amylase
Argininosuccinatlyase

The transfer of information from peptide hormones to intracellular secondary messengers

takes place with the participation of adenylate cyclase. What reaction is catalyzed by
adenylate cyclase?
Splitting of ATP into AMP and pyrophosphate.
Formation of cAMP
Synthesis of ATP from AMP and pyrophosphate
Splitting ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate
Splitting of ADP with the formation of AMP and inorganic phosphate

The conversion of succinate to fumarate is catalyzed by succinate dehydrogenase. What

competitive inhibitor inhibits enzyme activity?
Malic acid
Oxalacetic acid
Malonic acid
Fumaric acid
Pyruvic acid.

Most of the biochemical processes in the human body are related to the use of en-
ergy. What substance is a unique accumulator, donor and transformer of energy in the
body?
Malat
Pyruvate
Adenosine triphosphate
Lactate
Adenosine monophosphate.

Aromatic amino acids, which are part of natural proteins, can be detected by a specific re-
action:
Biuretova
With Fehling's reagent
Ninhydrin
Xanthoprotein
foil

The pharmacological effect of some antidepressants is related to the detoxification of bio-

genic amines in the brain. What enzyme inactivates biogenic amines?
Monoamine oxidase
Lactate dehydrogenase
Transaminase
Deaminase
Decarboxylase

Erythrocytes need energy in the form of ATP for their vital activity. Specify the metabolic
process that provides the erythrocyte with the required amount of ATP
Cycle of tricarboxylic acids
Anaerobic glycolysis
Pentose phosphate cycle
Gluconeogenesis
Beta-oxidation of fatty acids

Ketoacidosis develops under starvation conditions. An increase in the level of which me-
tabolite in the blood is a sign of the development of this condition?
Malonat
Oxaloacetate
Acetoacetate
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl-glutaryl-CoA
Acetyl CoA

The antitumor drug methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolate reductase by binding to its active
center. Enzyme activity can be restored by increasing the concentration of the sub-
strate. What type of inhibition is observed?
A. Competitive
C. Uncompetitive
E. Non-competitive
D. Allosteric
A. Irreversible
Fatty acids are synthesized in the human body. What is the starting compound in this syn-
thesis?
Cholesterol
Acetyl CoA
Glycine
Vitamin C
Succinate

A patient with a myocardial infarction was treated with anticoagulation therapy. What
medicine can be used for this purpose?
Tetracycline
Histamine
Hyaluronic acid
Chondroitin sulfate
Heparin

A patient with a myocardial infarction was prescribed statins, cholesterol synthesis in-
hibitors, in order to prevent complications. What enzyme activity do they inhibit?
Beta - HOMK reductases
Lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferases
Oxygenases
Esterases
Hydroxylases

Hyperchromic anemia - Birmer's disease - occurs as a result of a lack of vitamin

B 12 . What bioelement is part of this vitamin?
Zinc
Cobalt
Magnesium
Ferum
Molybdenum

After the removal of part of the stomach, the amount of red blood cells and hemoglobin in
the blood decreases. Violation of the absorption of which vitamin leads to such changes in
the blood picture?
RR
B2
B 12
B1
WITH

Increased activity of the LDH1 isoenzyme was determined in the patient's blood serum. In
which organ is the pathological process localized?
Hearts
Kidneys
Muscle
Stomach
Livers

Effective natural antioxidants include a number of vitamins. Which vitamin is an important

lipid phase antioxidant?
Thiamine
Riboflavin
Vikasol
Cholecalciferol
Tocopherol

Substrate phosphorylation occurs in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. What compound enters
into such a reaction?
Acetyl coenzyme A
Alpha-ketoglutarate
Succinyl coenzyme A
Succinate
Malat

As a result of the analysis of the gastric juice, it was established that the total acidity is 25
mM/l, free NCI is 5 mM/l. At the same time, a blood test confirmed the presence of macro-
cytic anemia. Deficiency of which component of gastric juice occurs?
Mucin
Gastromucoprotein (Castle factor)
Trypsin
Pepsin
Gastrixin

Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. What is the mechanism of its action?

Activation of glycogen synthesis
Increase in the formation of testosterone
Reduction of production of prostaglandins
Suppression of glycolysis
Reduction of urea formation

An increase in the release of insulin by the pancreas occurs after eating carbohydrate
food. The activity of which enzyme is regulated by insulin:
Aldolase
Enolases
Pyruvate kinases
Glucokinase
Lactate dehydrogenase

The synthesis of eicosanoids begins with the release of polyenic acids from membrane
phospholipids with the participation of a specific phospholipase. Name this enzyme
Protein kinase
Arginase
Cyclooxygenase
Phospholipase C
Phospholipase A2

Sulfanilamide drugs competitively inhibit the activity of folate synthetase and inhibit the re-
production of bacteria. What substance is their chemical structure similar to?
Pyridine
Para-aminobenzoic acid
Nicotinic acid
Nicotinamide
Isoniazid

Phosphoadenosylphosphosulfate is an active form of sulfuric acid that takes part in the

conjugation phase of xenobiotic metabolism in the liver. From which amino acid is sulfate
formed?
Glycine
Arginine
Alanine
Serena
Cysteine

Askorutin is used for bleeding gums and spot hemorrhages. What vitamin is included in
this drug?
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Vitamin E

Isoniazid is used as an antituberculosis drug due to its ability to inhibit the processes of bi-
ological oxidation. What enzymes of tissue respiration can it inhibit?
Isomerase
Synthetase
Dehydrogenase
Transferase
Carboxylase

A patient who consulted a doctor was found to have an elevated level of glucose in the
blood and urine. Suspicion of diabetes. What changes in lipid metabolism will this disease
lead to:
Hypolipoproteinemia
Hypophospholipidemia
Hypocholesterolemia
Hypoketonemia
Hyperketonemia

Fatty degeneration of the liver is prevented by lipotropic substances. Which of the sub-
stances listed below refers to them:
Glucose
Methionine
Bilirubin
Cholesterol
Glycine

Allopurinol is used to reduce the formation of uric acid in the treatment of gout. What en-
zyme does this compound inhibit?
Lactate dehydrogenase
Arginase
amylase
Xanthine oxidase
Catalase
Certain compounds are necessary to maintain Ferrum in the Fe2+ state. Which vitamin re-
stores Ferum and promotes better metal absorption?
Retinal
Calciferol
Ascorbic acid
Niacin
Phylloquinone

The breakdown of hemoglobin is accompanied by the formation of bile pigments. What

pigment is formed in the heme oxidation reaction?
Biliverdin
Stercobilinogen
Carotene
Urobilinogen
Chlorophyll

Vitamins play a role in important biochemical reactions. Deoxyadenosylcobalamin is the

coenzyme form of which vitamin?
Vitamin D
Vitamin B 12
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Vitamin E

In porphyrias, porphyrins and porphyrinogens accumulate and are excreted from the hu-
man body. These pathologies are associated with a violation of the synthesis of which
compound?
Glucose
Triglycerides
Cholesterol
Hemu
Urea

The breakdown of adenosine nucleotides leads to the release of ammonia. Which enzyme
plays a key role in the formation of ammonia from these compounds?
Alanine transaminase
Amylase
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Lactate dehydrogenase
Adenosine deaminase

Alimentary hyperglycemia is observed after consumption of high-carbohydrate food. The

activity of which hepatocyte enzyme is induced to the greatest extent?
Glucokinase
Phosphorylases
Glucose-6-phosphatases
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Aldolase

The function of each class of lipoproteins that transport different groups of lipids is spe-
cific. Which of them transport cholesterol from tissues to the liver, preventing the develop-
ment of atherosclerosis?
LPVH
LPDNG
LPPH
Chylomicrons
LPG

The patient has hyperglycemia, glucosuria, and polyuria. Urine has increased den-
sity. What is the possible cause of this condition?
Inhibition of glucocorticoid secretion
Inhibition of glucagon secretion
Suppression of insulin secretion
Suppression of thyroxine secretion
Inhibition of vasopressin secretion

An unconscious patient was taken to the intensive care unit. The smell of acetone from the
mouth, sharp hyperglycemia and ketonemia are noted. Which of the complications of dia-
betes occurs in this case
Hypoglycemic coma
Acute acetone poisoning
Nephritis
Diabetic coma
Cataract

It is known that the delay in cell division of malignant tumors occurs under the influence of
5-fluorouracil, which inhibits thymidylate synthase. The formation of which substance is in-
hibited at the same time?
Guanylic acid
Adenylic acid
Thymidyl acid
Cytidyl acid
Uridyl acid

The neutralization of hydrophobic xenobiotics consists of microsomal oxidation and the

second phase. Name her
Transamination
Peroxide oxidation
Conjugation
Deamination
Limited proteolysis

One of the ways of converting carbohydrates in the body is anaerobic decomposition. Gly-
colysis begins with the conversion of glucose under the influence of hexokinase into:
Glucose-2-monophosphate
Glucose-3-monophosphate
Glucose-4-monophosphate
Glucose-5-monophosphate
Glucose-6-monophosphate

Fatty acids must enter the mitochondria, where they are oxidized. Name the vitamin-like
substance involved in the transport of fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane
Pantothenic acid
Folic acid
Holin
Biotin
Carnitine

Vegetable fatty acids contain an odd number of carbon atoms. Name the product of beta-
oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms:
Oxymethylglutaryl-CoA
Propionyl-CoA
Stearyl-CoA
Palmityl-CoA
Acetoacetyl-CoA
Violation of glucose transport to cells causes energy starvation and switching of metabo-
lism to utilization of ketone bodies. In which pathology is ketonemia observed in the body?
Atherosclerosis
Acute pancreatitis
Diabetes
Rheumatism
Acute viral infections

In the body, glucose can be synthesized from non-carbohydrate precursors. Choose a

compound that can be a substrate in the gluconeogenesis process:
Galactose
Pyruvate
Glucose
Glycogen
Fructose

During hypoxia, lactic acid accumulates in the blood. Name the end product of anaerobic
glycolysis
Malat
Alanine
CO 2 and H 2 O
Oxaloacetate
Lactate

Part of the energy released from the glucose molecule is stored in the substrate phospho-
rylation reaction. Name the macroergic compound that is formed during glycolysis in phos-
phorylation reactions:
TTF
Lactate
UTF
Malat
Phosphoenolpyruvate

Insufficiency of linoleic and linolenic acids in the body leads to a decrease in resistance to
infectious diseases, skin damage, hair loss, delayed wound healing, thrombocytopenia,
etc. Violation of the synthesis of which biologically active compounds most likely causes
the indicated symptoms:
Eicosanoids
Interferons
Corticosteroids
Catecholamines
Interleukins

Part of the urea in the intestine is hydrolyzed by a bacterial enzyme to free ammonia. What
bacterial enzyme hydrolyzes urea?
Arginase
Urokinase
Amylase
Urease
Urikase

The cause of a number of hereditary diseases are mutations in the regions of genes that
determine the beginning or end of introns. As a result of which process introns are deleted
and exons are spliced?
Transcriptions
Replications
Broadcasts
Splicing
Recombination

In the process of transcription, the biosynthesis of the complementary RNA transcript on

the DNA matrix is carried out in the cell nucleus. What enzyme catalyzes this process?
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
DNA ligase
DNase
Topoisomerase
DNA polymerase

Young parents are well aware that the motility of the gastrointestinal tract of babies is sev-
eral orders of magnitude higher than that of adults. What enzyme contributes to the rapid
digestion of proteins - milk caseinogens in the stomach of children?
Renin (chymosin)
Trypsin
Proelastase
Chymotrypsin
Lipase

The analysis of gastric juice has a significant diagnostic value in diseases of the stom-
ach. What compound is used as a stimulator of gastric juice secretion in clinical studies?
Dopamine
GABA
Dioxyphenylalanine
Tyramine
Histamine

The patient was diagnosed with achilles. Under these conditions, which proteolytic enzyme
will replace the catalytic effect of pepsin in the digestion of food proteins?
Alpha amylase
Elastase
Lipase
Renin
Chymotrypsin

The patient was diagnosed with increased protein decay in the intestine. The intensity of
this process and the rate of detoxification reactions of toxic products in the liver are evalu-
ated by the amount of substances in the urine?
Lactic acid
Creatine
Acetone
Indican
Uric acid

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex requires the presence of 5 coenzymes (TDF, FAD,
NAD+, CoA and lipoic acid). What other enzyme complex has a similar structure?
Glycogen synthetase
Glucose-6-phosphatase
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Hexokinase
Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Cocarboxylase is used in medicine as a pharmaceutical agent for the treatment of myocar-

dial dystrophies, muscle and peripheral and central nervous system lesions. What vitamin
is a component of this drug?
B2
WITH
B 12
B1
B6
The patient receives a course of chemotherapy, which includes 5-flurouracil, a competitive
inhibitor of thymidylate synthase. What process does this chemotherapy agent inhibit?
Synthesis of ATP
Decay of purine nucleotides
Synthesis of TMF
Reutilization of purine nucleotides
Glucose synthesis

The patient has observed excretion of ionized copper with urine, its deposition in organs
and tissues. Specify the synthesis of which protein is disturbed?
Haptoglobin
Albumin
Transferrin
Properdin
Ceruloplasmin

The patient was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. To avoid autolysis of the pancreas, it is
necessary to apply:
Antibiotics
Sulfanilamide drugs
Insulin
Trypsinogen
Inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes

Heparin is a typical representative of proteoglycans, in which several polysaccharide

chains are connected to the protein core. Specify where it is synthesized:
Liver
Cartilage
Muscles
Bone
Heart

The patient was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Determination of the activity of which
enzyme in the blood must be carried out for diagnostic purposes?
Amylase
LDH
Pepsin
Creatine kinases
Aldolase

A worker who worked in a poorly ventilated room was hospitalized with signs of carbon
monoxide poisoning. What pathological derivative of hemoglobin is determined in the pa-
tient's blood?
Carboxyhemoglobin
Oxyhemoglobin
Methemoglobin
Glycosylated hemoglobin
Myoglobin

The man had been taking phenobarbital for a long time. Subsequently, the need for a dose
of the drug increased due to the activation of its detoxification by microsomal en-
zymes. What is the probable reason for the development of addiction to this drug?
Increased binding of the drug to blood albumins
Activation of tissue respiration
Activation of energy metabolism
Activation of glycolysis
Induction of cytochrome P450 synthesis

The patient complains of bleeding gums, loosening and loss of teeth. Which vitamin is defi-
cient in the body?
Vitamin C
Vitamin B 1
Vitamin B 2
Vitamin K
Vitamin RR

The patient complains of polyuria. Urine analysis revealed no pathological components,

but its density was lower than normal. This patient may have a violation of the secretion of
which hormone?
Cortisol
Vasopressin
Thyrotropin
Somatotropin
Insulin
Due to increased hemolysis of erythrocytes, the content of Ferum in the blood plasma in-
creased in the man. What plasma protein provides its transport?
Albumin
Histone
Interferon
Ceruloplasmin
Transferrin

As a result of liver damage, the patient's oncotic blood pressure is significantly reduced. A
decrease in which indicator in the blood plasma can be observed in this patient?
Total bilirubin
Interferon
Albumin
Free bilirubin
Free ammonia

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is prescribed prophylactically to a patient with atherosclerosis

and the threat of blood clot formation. The biochemical basis of the therapeutic effect of
the drug is inhibition of synthesis:
Cholesterol
thromboxanes
Leukotrienes
Arachidonic acid
Phospholipids

During the week, the patient was administered theophylline, a cAMP phosphodiesterase
inhibitor. The action of which hormone can increase against the background of such treat-
ment and lead to hyperglycemia?
Aldosterone
Testosterone
Glucagon
Insulin
Estradiol

A patient with insulin-dependent diabetes uses daily insulin injections for treatment. After
binding to its receptors, this hormone activates
Synthesis of phospholipids
Transport of glucose to cells
Formation of uric acid
Ammonia synthesis
Cell division

A patient with complaints of headaches and high blood pressure was diagnosed with an
adrenal gland tumor that produces a hormone that regulates the water-salt balance. Spec-
ify this hormone
Glucagon
Insulin
Aldosterone
Testosterone
Somatotropin

A patient with a urinary tract infection was recommended to take sulfonamide drugs for
treatment. What process do these compounds inhibit in the bacterial cell?
Use of para-aminobenzoic acid
Synthesis of naphthoquinones
Uric acid synthesis
Synthesis of cobalamin
Membrane transport

As a result of hypovitaminosis of riboflavin, the patient's conversion of succinic acid was

disturbed. The activity of which enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle will decrease in this
patient?
Malate dehydrogenase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Fumarase
Citrate synthases
Succinate dehydrogenases

Some compounds are known to uncouple tissue respiration and oxidative phosphoryla-
tion. What substance has these properties?
Carbon monoxide
Lactic acid
Acetyl CoA
2,4-dinitrophenol
Antimycin A

Anticoagulant therapy with antithrombin III inhibitor, which counteracts intravascular blood
coagulation, was carried out in a patient with an acute myocardial infarction. Which com-
pound has an anticoagulant effect?
Heparin
Chondroitin sulfate
Histamine
Tetracycline
Hyaluronic acid

During the preventive examination, an increase in the thyroid gland, exophthalmos, an in-
crease in body temperature, and an increase in heart rate were found. The content of
which hormone in the blood should be checked?
Cortisol
Thyroxine
adrenaline
Testosterone
Insulin

A special diet led to a decrease in the content of calcium ions in the blood of the experi-
mental animal. This will lead to an increase in the secretion of which hormone?
Calcitonin
adrenaline
Parathyroid hormone
Vasopressin
Somatotropin

In medical practice, sulfonamide drugs are used, which are antimetabolites of

paraaminobenzoic acid, which is necessary for microflora. Synthesis of which vitamin is
blocked?
Ascorbic acid
Orotic acid
Nicotinic acid
Folic acid
Pangamic acid

The composition of nucleoproteins includes a significant number of proteins that are alka-
line in nature. What proteins perform a structural function in the composition of chromatin?
Interferons and mucin
Protamines and histones
Prolamins and glutenins
Albumins and globulins
Hemoglobin and myoglobin

Regulation of insulin release from beta cells of the pancreas occurs with the participation
of many factors. A change in the concentration of which substance in the blood is the main
signal for increased insulin secretion?
Glucose
Glycogen
Starch
Saccharose
Lactose

In a patient with frequent internal bleeding, an increased amount of non-hydroxylated pro-

line and lysine was found in the composition of collagen fibers. The lack of which vitamin
leads to a violation of their hydroxylation?
Vitamin E
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin K
Vitamin B 1

The cycle of tricarboxylic acids is the final common way of oxidation of energy-rich mole-
cules (carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids). Indicate which compound acetyl-CoA re-
acts with in this process
Malate
Isocitrate
Fumarate
Oxaloacetate
Citrate

Glutamic acid is prescribed for the treatment of epilepsy. Which compound, formed from
glutamate, can correct the manifestations of epilepsy?
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
Histamine
Dopamine
Asparagine
Serotonin

Substances in the digestive system undergo certain changes. Enzymes of which class
mainly carry out enteral transformations?
Lyases
Ligases
Oxidoreductases
Transferases
Hydrolases

The patient's urine has an increased content of hippuric acid, which is a product of the
liver's detoxification of benzoic acid. Benzoic acid is formed from which amino acid in the
human body?
Lactate
Succinate
Phenylalanine
Aspartate
Malatu

A patient living in a specific geochemical territory was diagnosed with endemic goiter. In-
sufficiency of which trace element leads to the occurrence of this pathology?
Сl
F
No
AND
Bro

The cancer patient was prescribed fluorouracil, which is a competitive inhibitor of thymi-
dine synthetase. Its action is associated with suppression of which process?
Lipid synthesis
Synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides
Synthesis of purine nucleotides
Carbohydrate breakdown
Breakdown of purine nucleotides

Amino acids that contain a hydroxyl group in the lateral radical are often identified as part
of the active center of enzymes. Specify the following amino acid:
Cysteine
Phenylalanine
Alanine
Valin
Serin
Short peptides can perform an antioxidant function. Choose one of them:
Vasopressin
Glutathione
Oxytocin
Endorphin
Statin

With alkaptonuria, there is an excessive excretion of homogentisic acid in the urine. The
occurrence of this disease is associated with a violation of the metabolism of which amino
acid?
Tryptophan
Methionine
Asparagine
Tyrosine
Alanine

An employee of a poultry farm who ate 5 or more raw eggs every day developed lethargy,
drowsiness, muscle pain, hair loss, and seborrhea. This condition is associated with a defi-
ciency of which vitamin?
Vitamin B 1 (thiamine)
Vitamin B 2 (riboflavin)
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
Vitamin A (retinol)
Vitamin H (biotin)

The patient was diagnosed with achlorhydria. What enzyme pharmaceutical preparation
should he be prescribed in such a situation?
Hexokinase
Pepsin
Succinate dehydrogenases
Cocarboxylase
Creatine phosphokinase

Chromatin contains histone proteins that have a positive charge. Which of the following
amino acids is present in large quantities in histone proteins?
Threonine
Serene
Alanine
Valine
Lysine

A patient with tuberculosis is prescribed the antibiotic oligomycin. What process does this
drug inhibit in the mitochondria?
Oxidative phosphorylation
Microsomal oxidation
Oxidative decarboxylation
Peroxide oxidation of lipids
Substrate phosphorylation

The doctor prescribed dicoumarin to a patient with a myocardial infarction in the acute pe-
riod. On the second day, the analysis showed increased blood coagulation. What antico-
agulant should the doctor have prescribed in this case?
Interferon
Heparin
Allopurinol
Prozerin
Isoniazid

A 52-year-old woman developed cataracts (clouding of the lens) due to diabetes. En-
hancement of which process is the cause of clouding of the lens?
Ketogenesis
Lipolysis
Glycosylation of proteins
Proteolysis of proteins
Gluconeogenesis