ADAMSON UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering
Electronics and Communications Department

Experiment No. 1

Series and Parallel Resistors

14:00 - 17:00Wed

1
SCHEDULE

Basic Electronics Lab

Group No. SUBJECT Grade

ATTENDANCE NAME CONTRIBUTION REMARK

Elcano, Gavin Angelo S. Analysis,

Conclusion, and
Questions 1- 6
Resurreccion, John Computed Values
Paul and % Diff (Table
2-1); Computed
Values and % Diff of
Voltages (Table 2-2)
Ignacio, C-Jay and Zoleta, Perform the
Rovic experiment
Vilora, Rocky Computed Values
and % Diff of
Currents (Table
2-2); Setting up the
Multisim (Series)

D.O.P. February 08, 2023 D.O.S. February 15, 2023

Mark Angelo Purio

Instructor
 Experiment No. 1
SERIES AND PARALLEL RESISTORS
I. OBJECTIVES

1. To study the properties of resistors connected in series and parallel.

2. To know how to measure the individual voltages and currents of resistors connected
in series and in parallel.

II. DISCUSSION
The property of an electric circuit which fends to prevent the flow current is called
Resistance. It causes electrical energy to be converted into heat energy. Resistors are used when
it is desired to introduce resistance into a circuit. Resistors maybe connected in series and in
parallel.
In the series circuit, the load resistances are joined together from end to end so that the same
current passes from one end to another around One complete path. It is one in which the resistors
or other electrical devices are connected end to end as shown in Fig.2-l. The current in each part
of the circuit is the same but the total impressed voltage is divided among the different elements
of the circuit. The total resistance of a group of resistors connected in series is equal to the sum
of the individual resistance.
In the parallel circuit, the load resistances are connected across one another so that the total
current, entering one junction, divides to pass through the individual parts in definite ratio and
combines at the other junction to leave the latter. It is one in which one terminal of each element
is connected to a common point to form one terminal of the system. Each element will then have
the same voltage across it but the total current divides among the elements of the circuit. This is
shown in Fig. 2.2. The equivalent resistance of the resistors connected in parallel is equal to the
reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistances.
III. INSTRUMENTS AND MATERIALS
QTY UNIT ITEM SPECS
One (1) Pc. DC Power Supply 12Vdc
One (1) Set Resistor 500ohm to 10k
One (1) Pc IC 7812
One (1) Set Connecting wires
One (1) Pc Extension Cord(optional)
One (1) Pc VOM
One (1) Pc DC Ammeter 0-1A

IV. PROCEDURES

SERIES CIRCUIT
l. Connect the circuit shown in Fig. I. Refer to Appendix for DC Supply set up.
2. Measure and record Vad, Vab, Vbc, Vcd, Vac, Ia, Ib, Ic and Id. Disconnect the DC
Supply
3. Using VOM measure the resistance across ad.
4. Compute the total resistance using the formula Rt=Vad/Ia
5. Record the result in Table 2-1.
 PARALLEL CIRCUIT
1. Connect the circuit shown in Fig 2.2. Refer to Appendix for DC Supply set up.
2. Measure and record VAH, VBC, VCF, VDE I1.k, I1k, I500 and IT, Disconnect the source
3. Using the VOM, measure the resistance across A and H
4. Compute the total resistance using the formula RT=VAH/IT
5. Record the result in Table 2-2.

V. CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS

VI. DATA AND RESULTS

Table 2-1
Vab Vbc Vcd Vad Vac Ia Ib Ic Id Rt
Measured 12V 6V 2V 4V 2V 4mA 4mA 4mA 4mA 3kohm
Values
Computed 6V 4V 2V 12V 10V 4mA 4mA 4mA 4mA 3kohm
Values
% 50% 50% 0% 66.67% 80% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Difference
Table 2-2
VAH VBG VCF VDE IT I1.5K I1K I500 RAH
Measured 12 12V 12V 12V 42.4m 7.7m 11.6m 23.2mA 28.30
Values V A A A
Computed 12 12V 12V 12V 42.5m 1.4m 2 4.22mA 28.30
Values V A A .11 mA
% 0% 0% 0% 0% 90% 45% 44.98 44.98% 0%
Difference %

VII. COMPUTATION
VIII. ANALYSIS
A simple electrical circuit design that demonstrates how resistors alter electrical current
distribution in a circuit is the series and parallel resistor experiment. In a series circuit,
resistors are connected one after the other, and current flows through each of them. The
total resistance of the circuit is equal to the sum of the individual resistances. Each
resistor carries the same amount of current and the voltage across each resistor is
proportional to its resistance. In a parallel circuit, resistors are linked so that the voltage
across each resistor is the same, but the current flowing through each resistance is
different. The overall resistance of the circuit is equal to the reciprocal of the sum of the
reciprocals of the individual resistances. The resistance of each resistor determines how
much current flows through it.

IX. CONCLUSION
To better comprehend the connections between voltage, current, and resistance, experiments with
series and parallel circuits can be used to illustrate basic electrical circuit ideas. In a series
circuit, current moves through each component at the same rate, and the total resistance is equal
to the sum of the individual resistances. The voltage across each element is the same in a parallel
circuit because the overall resistance is lower than the resistance of the smallest resistor. These
tests demonstrate the value of circuit analysis in electrical engineering and assist engineers in
creating and implementing electrical systems that adhere to predetermined standards.

X. QUESTION/PROBLEMS

1. How is the total resistance determined when a number of unequal resistors are
connected in series? When a number of unequal resistors are connected in
parallel?

When a number of unequal resistors, say R1, R2, R3, and R4 ohm, are linked in series,
the total resistance of the combination is the sum or (R1 + R2 + R3 + R4) ohm.
1
When these are linked in parallel, the total resistance is 1 1 1 1 ohm.
+ + +
R1 R2 R3 R 4

2. What are the types of instruments used in the measurement of amperes and
volts? Why are they called indicating instruments?

A voltmeter is used to measure voltage, and an ammeter is used to measure

current. They are termed indicating instruments because when we utilize these
instruments to measure voltage and current, a moving pointer on the dial indicates the
value to us.
3. A piece of copper wire was cut into “n” equal parts. These parts are connected in
parallel. How will the resistance of the parallel combination compare with the
resistance of the wire?

1
The parallel resistance would be 1 1 1 since the circuit is in parallel and
+ +…
R R R
resistance is divided to n parts. The resultant resistance of the wire in relation to n
1 R
=
would be n n
R

4. Strings of Christmas lights were made of miniature lamps connected in series. If

one lamp is removed, what would happen?

Because they are connected in series, and electricity flows the same through all
the lamps, removing one light breaks the circuit and all the lamps cease operating.

5. Given 4 resistors, each having a resistance of 100Ω show how these resistors
might be combined to produce an equivalent resistance of:
a) 400Ω
b) 25Ω
c) 100Ω

6. The resistors Ra and Rb are connected in series across a 120-volt source. When a
30,000 ohms voltmeter is connected across Ra and then across Rb, the
instrument deflection is 48 volts in each case. What are the values of the
resistors?
 Screenshots
Table 1:
Table 2: