PROG BODR Final For Detailed Design 073010

Basis of Design Report (BODR)
Program
g Wide Water Design
g Projects
j
Design
g Program
g Management
g Services for
Water, Wastewater & Procurement Projects
Water Projects for the West Bank
Infrastructure Needs Program, Task Order 2
CONTRACT # 4040106
Design Program Management Services
for Water, Wastewater & Procurement
Projects West Bank
Project Title:
Infrastructure Needs Program,
Task Order 2
2010 Water Design Projects
Document Title:
Program Wide Basis of Design

Report
1/8/2010 Draft MWHA CHI-4

4/2/2010 Final Draft MWHA CHI-4
4/16/2010 Final-For Detailed Design MWHA CHI-4
7/30/10 Final for Tender BR
Rev Date Revision Description Prepared (Lead Reviewed Approved
Author)
Distribution
Name Name
1 General .................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Program Overview............................................................................................. 1
1.2.1 Program Objectives .................................................................................... 1
1.2.2 Program Scope Overview ........................................................................... 1
1.2.3 Program Ownership ................................................................................... 2
1.3 Reference Materials and Related Studies .......................................................... 2
1.4 Applicable Codes and Standards, Government Acts, and Local Authority
Regulations .................................................................................................................. 2
1.4.1 Local Territory Control Issues ..................................................................... 3
1.5 Environmental Protection, Safety, and Security Requirements .......................... 4
1.5.1 Environmental Evaluation and Mitigation Actions ...................................... 4
1.5.2 Safety and Security Mitigation Actions ....................................................... 5
1.6 General Permitting Requirements ..................................................................... 5
2 Program Description ................................................................................................ 6
2.1 Existing Conditions ............................................................................................ 6
2.1.1 Existing Mapping and Information.............................................................. 6
2.1.2 Climate....................................................................................................... 6
2.1.3 Geology ...................................................................................................... 6
2.1.4 Overview of Current Sources, Treatment and Distribution ......................... 7
2.2 Project Service Area .......................................................................................... 8
2.2.1 Service Area Overview ............................................................................... 8
2.2.2 Topography ................................................................................................ 8
2.2.3 Service Population ..................................................................................... 8
2.2.4 Water Quality Standards ............................................................................ 8
2.2.5 Raw Water or Source Water Quality........................................................... 9
2.3 Project Specific Elements .................................................................................. 9
2.3.1 Northeast Jenin .......................................................................................... 9
2.3.2 Southwest Jenin ....................................................................................... 10
2.3.3 Bani Naim................................................................................................. 11
2.3.4 Al Auja...................................................................................................... 12
2.3.5 Conveyance Systems ................................................................................ 12
2.4 Program Procurement Plan ............................................................................. 13
2.4.1 Major Equipment Procurement ................................................................ 13
2.4.2 Procurement Consistency......................................................................... 13
3 Design Criteria ....................................................................................................... 16
3.1 General ........................................................................................................... 16
3.1.1 Design Horizon ......................................................................................... 16
3.1.2 Piping Design Life ..................................................................................... 16
3.1.3 Facility Design Life .................................................................................... 16
3.1.4 Equipment Design Life .............................................................................. 16
3.2 Program Hydraulics ......................................................................................... 17
3.2.1 Overview .................................................................................................. 17
3.2.2 Hydraulic Evaluation Approach................................................................. 19
3.3 Pipeline Conveyance System Design ................................................................ 19
3.3.1 Codes, Standards, and References............................................................ 20
3.3.2 Design Overview ...................................................................................... 20
3.3.3 Design Criteria .......................................................................................... 21
3.4 Civil and Drainage Design ................................................................................ 25
3.4.2 Design Overview ...................................................................................... 25
3.4.3 Design Criteria .......................................................................................... 26
3.5 Instrumentation and Controls Design .............................................................. 29
3.5.2 Design Overview ...................................................................................... 29
3.5.3 Design Criteria .......................................................................................... 31
3.6 Architectural Design ........................................................................................ 47
3.6.2 Design Overview ...................................................................................... 47
3.6.3 Design Criteria .......................................................................................... 47
3.7 Structural Design ............................................................................................. 51
3.7.2 Design Overview ...................................................................................... 52
3.7.3 Design Criteria .......................................................................................... 53
3.8 Mechanical Design .......................................................................................... 57
3.8.2 Design Overview ...................................................................................... 58
3.8.3 Design Criteria .......................................................................................... 58
3.9 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Design ............................................ 67
3.9.2 Design Overview ...................................................................................... 67
3.9.3 Design Criteria .......................................................................................... 67
3.10 Plumbing Design.............................................................................................. 74
3.10.1 Codes, Standards and Regulations ............................................................ 74
3.10.2 Design Overview ...................................................................................... 74
3.10.3 Design Criteria .......................................................................................... 75
3.11 Electrical Design .............................................................................................. 78
3.11.2 Design Overview ...................................................................................... 78
3.11.3 Design Criteria .......................................................................................... 79
3.12 Protective Coatings Design .............................................................................. 82
3.12.2 Design Overview ...................................................................................... 83
3.12.3 Design Criteria .......................................................................................... 83
Program Wide Basis of Design Report INP, Task Order 2 - Water Supply Projects
1 General
1.1 Introduction
This Basis of Design Report (BODR) has been prepared as a part of the Design Program
Management Services for Water, Wastewater & Procurement Projects, West Bank for the
Northeast Jenin, Southwest Jenin, Bani Naim, Conveyance, and Al Auja Water Supply
Projects. These projects will be referred in this document as the Water Supply Projects.
This project is being performed under the direction of the United States Agency for Inter-
national Development (USAID). The purpose of this BODR is to document the project
background, scope, design criteria and design elements that are common to all of the
projects. Project-specific BODRs have been developed for each project and cover project
specific scope, design criteria, and design elements.
1.2 Program Overview

1.2.1 Program Objectives
In many areas of the West Bank, villages currently do not have safe water supplies that
are able to provide a sufficient or consistent volume to meet the demands of the current
and future populations. Therefore, the purpose of the Water Supply Projects is to provide
a reliable, safe, and affordable water supply to numerous villages throughout the West
Bank region. This will be achieved by rehabilitating and refurbishing existing water
supply and distribution systems along with installing new water supply and distribution
systems.
1.2.2 Program Scope Overview

In general, the scope of the program will include the following components:
• Installation of new water supply wells;
• Installation of new transmission pipelines;
• Installation of new water storage reservoirs;
• Provision of disinfection systems;
• Installation of new distribution systems and service connections; and
• Rehabilitation of existing distribution systems.
The specific scope for each of the projects will be discussed briefly in Section 2.3 of this
document and in more detail in the project-specific BODRs.
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1.2.3 Program Ownership

The Water Supply Projects are owned by the Palestinian Water Authority (PWA), who
has a strategic objective to develop water resources in the Palestine Territories to meet
the World Health Organization (WHO) standards by the year 2025. Other joint owner-
ship with local entities may exist for specific projects. These relationships will be dis-
cussed in the project-specific BODRs. The PWA will be the final recipient for operation
of the facilities designed under this Task Order.
1.3 Reference Materials and Related Studies

Design standards described in this BODR and the project-specific BODRs were devel-
oped using the PWA Standards as a base. Where appropriate, the PWA standards were
supplemented with additional criteria. In addition, reference materials and related studies
for each project will be further discussed in the project-specific BODRs.
1.4 Applicable Codes and Standards, Government Acts, and Local Au-
thority Regulations
Key document on ground water usage is provided in the Oslo II Accords. As part of the
Oslo II Accords, the Israelis and the Palestinians jointly agreed that the Eastern Aquifer
system would be the primary source of water supply to meet the immediate and possibly
long-term needs of Palestinians in the West Bank. Article 40 of the Accords indicated
that 78 million cubic meters per year of groundwater are available for development from
the Eastern Aquifer Basin and other agreed sources in the West Bank for the Palestinians.
Drinking water quality shall comply with the WHO/PWA benchmark which is suitable
for domestic water supply.
The PWA Planning and Design Guidelines, 2000 (PWA PDG) are the basis for the de-
sign criteria used to develop the Water Supply Projects. The PWA PDG include but are
not limited to: Construction and Installation of Pipes in Water Supply and Sewerage
Trenches, Dimensioning of Water Supply, Sewer and Storm Run-off Pipes, Pumping Sta-
tions for Sewerage, Pumping Stations for Water Pumping Stations for Water, Product
Standards Water Supply and Sewerage, General Technical Specifications for Sewerage
Systems, General Technical Specifications for Water Supply Networks, General and
Technical Specifications for Well Drilling, Design Guidelines for the Construction of
Water Tanks, General Technical Specifications for the Construction of Harvesting Cis-
terns (Pear-Shaped and Rectangular), General Technical Specifications for the Construc-
tion of Ready-Made Water Tanks, and General Technical Specifications for the Construc-
tion of Concrete Water Tanks.
As appropriate, additional standards related to the specific design of US made equipment

are also applicable and are outlined in Table 1 below.
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Table 1 Standards
Standard Code
Discipline Standard Body
Details
Civil American Water Works Association AWWA
American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM
American National Standards Institute ANSI
Architectural International Building Code IBC 2006
Life Safety Code NFPA 101
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
American’s with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Structural International Building Code IBC 2006
ACI 318-05
American Concrete Institute
ACI 350-06
Mechanical American Water Works Association AWWA
American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM
Hydraulic Institute Standards HI
ASME Section VII Division I
HVAC and American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Plumbing ASHRAE
Conditioning Engineers
International Plumbing Code
Electrical, National Electrical Code
Instrumentation International Electrical Testing Association
and Controls International Electrotechnical Commission
Enclosure for Electrical Equipment
Underwriters’ Laboratories
29 CFR 1910
Occupational Safety and Health Administration Standards
29 CFR 1926
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
1.4.1 Local Territory Control Issues

Territory control in the West Bank is of importance considering the different governing
authorities within a small geographic area, over which many of the USAID Water Supply
Projects traverse. The West Bank is broken down into three main political area zones:
Areas A, B, and C. Area A is under complete Palestinian control, Area B is under joint
security control with Israeli Civil Administration as the regulatory body, and Area C is
under Israeli control. For the Water Supply Projects, building structures in Area C shall
be avoided due to permitting complications, although underground piping may span
through all areas.
Other agencies have additional ownership/control of various aspects of the individual

projects. The additional ownership/control by other agencies will be discussed in the
project-specific BODRs.
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1.5 Environmental Protection, Safety, and Security Requirements

The following section addresses environmental impacts and safety and security issues
and appropriate mitigation that need to be addressed in the design of the Water Supply
Projects.
1.5.1 Environmental Evaluation and Mitigation Actions

The construction of the Water Supply Projects may have potential impacts on the local
environment. The designs of these projects will include aspects that will mitigate these
potential impacts. The following table summarizes the potential impacts and the poten-
tial mitigations.
Table 2 Potential Environmental Impacts/Mitigation Actions

Potential Environmental Impacts Potential Mitigation Action
Disturbance of the local landscaping The design of the new project features will in-
during construction corporate replacement of disturbed landscaping
Impacts to the local soils from con- Spill control/containment measures shall be im-
struction equipment plemented to prevent impacts to the soils
Disturbance to biological resources Pipe routing and new project elements will be
(Flora and Fauna) located to avoid disturbing or limit the distur-
bance to flora and fauna. Particularly to endan-
gered species
Disturbance to agricultural land Pipe routing and new project elements will be
located to avoid disturbing or limit the distur-
bance to local agricultural land
General public safety (dust, debris, The design and construction plan shall contain
noise, and open excavation) health and safety measures that will ensure the
public’s safety during all construction activities
Impacts on water resources Construction activities will include control and
containment measures to ensure that there are
no impacts to the local water
Impacts on cultural and archeological Pipe routing and new project elements will be
resources located to avoid disturbing or limit the distur-
bance to cultural and archeological resources.
Where work is performed near these resources,
the design shall take extra care to not impact
these resources
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Impacts on existing public facilities Pipe routing and new project elements will be
located to avoid disturbing or limit the distur-
bance to existing public facilities. Where work
is performed near these resources, the design
shall take extra care to not impact these re-
sources. Building is prohibited within two me-
ters from each side of the centerline of pipelines
Disturbances on public and private Coordination with the appropriate property
property owner(s) will be required to avoid or minimize
impacts
Specific impacts on each project will be discussed in more detail in the project-specific
BODRs.
1.5.2 Safety and Security Mitigation Actions

Construction safety is the responsibility of the contractor. Operations safety measures
should be addressed based on applicable standards shown in the detailed technical speci-
fications and equipment manufacturer’s technical manuals. Fire alarm systems will be
designed for buildings.
Basic security measures observed in the previous design Task Orders include but not li-
mited to guard personnel at each well site, steel doors, security lighting systems around
the perimeter of buildings and well sites, intrusion alarms connected to the SCADA sys-
tem, building windows protected with galvanized steel security screens, and fence around
the perimeter of well sites and gates.
1.6 General Permitting Requirements

Construction permits from the Israeli Civil Administration and the PWA will be also re-
quired. Project approval from the Joint Water Committee (JWC) will be required for
project elements. Approval was issued on September 17, 2009 with the approval of the
water source (Mekorot) to be agreed upon in a future JWC meeting.
In addition, there are specific construction requirements by the Israeli Army that apply
for well-drilling rigs (i.e. construction lighting). These requirements for drilling rigs and
similar construction equipment will be further researched as part of the permitting
process during the detailed design.
The Northeast (NE) Jenin project will not fall under the jurisdiction of the JWC but will
require approval from the NE Jenin Villages Joint Services Council (JSC).
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2 Program Description
2.1 Existing Conditions
2.1.1 Existing Mapping and Information
Aerial photography in conjunction with topographical survey maps are needed to ex-
amine the pipeline routes and proposed locations of other new project elements. Base
mapping of the entire region is being assembled by the design team and includes topo-
graphy and roadways. Once the pipeline alignments, reservoirs, and pump station loca-
tions have been finalized, local survey crews will survey and provide detailed informa-
tion for the development of detailed design documents. Aerial photography from publi-
cally available sources are being used in the interim while professional quality aerials are
located.
Photos of existing conditions and proposed locations for new components of each project
were taken by MWH staff on the January field visits to the West Bank. Select photos re-
lating to each project are located in the project-specific BODRs.
2.1.1.1 Coordinate System

Palestinian coordinates will be used for the Water Supply Projects, specifically the Pales-
tine 1923 Grid system.
2.1.2 Climate
The climate of the West Bank is characterized as Mediterranean with long hot and dry
summers and short, cool, and rainy winters. The actual conditions at each project loca-
tion are affected by the diverse topography and altitude. The average monthly tempera-
ture can range from 2-5oC in the winter to as high as 40oC in the summer, depending
where the project locations resides in the region. The average annual rainfall can be less
than 200 mm during dry years and can be greater than 1,000 mm during wet years. May
through September are typically the drier months and some areas receive almost no mea-
surable precipitation during this period. Wind speeds in the region can reach up to 75
km/hr.
2.1.3 Geology
Soils in the valleys between the hills and mountains are alluvial soils. In the mountains
the dominant soils are Terra Rosa soil, and Rendzina soils on the eastern and southern
slopes. Terra Rosa is the type of red clay soil produced by the weathering of limestone.
When limestone weathers, the clay contained in the rocks is left behind, along with any
other non-soluble rock material. Under oxidizing conditions, when the soils are above
the water table, iron will form in the clay.
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Despite the relatively small area that the West Bank encompasses, the soils are quite di-
verse. This is due to the climatic, origin of the soils, and the topography in the region.
The geology of each project area will be described in more detail in the project-specific
BODRs.
The area of the Water Supply Projects lies in the seismic zone of the Dead Sea Transform
Fault, which extends from Gulf of Aqaba in the northern part of the Red Sea to the Al-
pine convergence zone in the Taurus Mountains, where the Arabian plate separates from
Africa plate. In the West Bank, this deep cleavage runs from the Dead Sea north through
the Jordan Valley. This is a zone of intensive seismic activity. The Dead Sea Transform
Fault shear strain where strong deformation occurred is a narrow, 20-40 km, wide zone
(several articles are available on the internet). Most earthquakes occurred, some of mag-
nitude of 7 on the Richter scale, in this narrow zone.
Seismic hazard map for the Dead Sea Transform Fault area is presented by A. Shapiro, et
al. (2007). The map displays peak ground acceleration (PGA) levels that have a probabil-
ity of 10% of being exceeded at least once within a period of 50 years. However, the
peak ground accelerations provided in this map are not conservative for designs required
to meet current structural building code standards. Therefore, seismic design accelera-
tions used for these projects will be as noted in Section 3.7.3.2.5 below. Please refer to
this section for additional information pertinent to the seismic design requirements.
2.1.4 Overview of Current Sources, Treatment and Distribution

Currently, the villages included in the Water Supply Projects receive their water from a
variety of sources. This includes existing wells, the Israeli Water Company, and water
delivered by tankers. Also, the volume of potable water supplied varies by source. The
quality of the available water also varies and may be poor and the cost could prohibit
many residents from obtaining the water they need. A detailed overview of the existing
sources for each project is included in the project-specific BODRs.
For the purposes of the BODRs, the following definitions will be used to describe the
general components of the Water Supply Projects. These definitions are consistent with
definitions in the BODR for all West Bank Water Supply Projects and the PWA PDG:
Transmission Pipelines – Transmission pipelines are described as pipes that transport wa-
ter from the water source to a reservoir or between villages and do not have customers
that draw from them. Transmission pipelines shall be 100-mm in diameter at a minimum
and as large as required by the hydraulic analysis.
Distribution Pipelines – Distribution pipelines are pipelines that carry water from the vil-
lage’s storage to the areas where customers are located. Service pipelines which provide
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water to each customer are connected to the distribution pipelines. Distribution pipelines
shall be at a minimum 50-mm in diameter with pipelines that provide fire flow or bulk
transfer of water to be 150 mm.
Service Pipelines - Service pipelines provide water to each customer and are connected to
the distribution pipelines. They shall at a minimum be 20-mm in diameter.
System Storage – System storage is provided to hold water provided by the PWA and
allow the local water distribution system to control the flow of water to the customers.
Two typical types include reservoirs and balancing tanks.
2.2 Project Service Area

2.2.1 Service Area Overview
The West Bank has a land area of approximately 5,640 square kilometers. The areas as-
sociated with the Water Supply Projects cover over 2,400 square kilometers.
2.2.2 Topography
The topography of the West Bank varies from the Jordan Valley area at an elevation of
approximately 400 meters below sea level to the central highlands that run from Jenin to
Hebron at an elevation up to 1,000 meters above sea level. In general, the topography of
the West Bank is considered mountainous.
2.2.3 Service Population

Based on 2007 census data from the Palestinian Territory Bureau of Statistics (PCBS),
the total population of the Water Supply Projects is as shown in Table 3 below.
Table 3 Service Population

Population
Project (per PCBS census
2007)
NE Jenin 17,192
Bani Naim 20,084
SW Jenin 96,972
Al Auja 4,120
Conveyance 18,346
Total 156,714
2.2.4 Water Quality Standards

All water supplied as part of the Water Supply Projects will comply with all WHO water
quality standards as established in Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Third Edition,
WHO, 2008. In addition, the supplied water will also meet the requirements established
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by the PWA. Available water quality information will be evaluated to determine if the
source water meets WHO and PWA standards, and the viability of its use for water
supply.
2.2.5 Raw Water or Source Water Quality

The quality of the raw water or source water varies by location. This will affect the
treatment that will be required to meet the water quality standards. MWH design staff
will investigate the raw water quality to determine the quantity of chlorine disinfection
that will be required. Currently, there are no provisions in the scope of work for treat-
ment beyond chlorination. Should it be determined that additional treatment will be re-
quired to meet WHO and PWA water quality standards, it shall be brought to the atten-
tion of the project stakeholders and addressed. The raw water quality for each project is
discussed in detail in the project-specific BODRs.
2.3 Project Specific Elements

The following sections provide brief details on the specific elements that are a part of
each of the projects. More detailed descriptions of the elements of each project are in-
cluded in the project-specific BODRs. Design has progressed under on the basis that
ownership of project sites, any required right-of-way, and associated permits will be ob-
tained by PWA.
2.3.1 Northeast Jenin

The Northeast (NE) Jenin Project will provide water to 8 villages in the northeast part of
the Jenin municipality, located in the northern region of the West Bank. The goal is to
meet WHO standards for potable water supply by the year 2025. To meet the WHO
standards, the NE Jenin project will provide a new water transmission system to increase
access to fresh water to the 8 villages. The objective of NE Jenin Project is to construct a
new water supply system for the northeastern Jenin villages which include: Arrana, Ara-
buna, Faqqua, Beit Qad, Jalbun, Deir Abu Daif, Wadi Al Dabi, and Deir Gazala. The
total population to be served by this project is 16,986 people (2007 population values).
The scope of the NE Jenin Project includes the following elements:
1. Construct 31.2 km of transmission pipeline.
2. Construct water storage reservoirs ranging in size from 500 to 1,000 m3.
3. Construct 5 new water distribution pipe networks and replace one existing net-
work in Deir Gazala. In addition, 180 water service lines will be added to the
project for the existing Arrana Distribution System.
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4. Construct pumping stations and balancing tanks at the Al Jalama, Deir Gazala and
Beit Qad (a new well will be constructed at this junction). In addition, a new
pumping station will be constructed at the Faqqua-Jalbun junctions.
5. Connect 2 existing well sources at Arrana and Deir Gazala to the proposed reser-
voir at that village.
6. Construct an operations and maintenance facility in Beit Qad.
2.3.2 Southwest Jenin

The Southwest (SW) Jenin project will rehabilitate and refurbish a water supply system
currently supplying 28 villages and expand service to 5 new communities southwest of
the Jenin municipality in the northern region of the West Bank. The total present produc-
tion of the West Bank Water District (WBWD) wells provides only about 75 L/c/d for the
connected population. This is not sufficient to meet PWA and WHO standards. It may be
possible to increase the production of the existing wells with the proposed rehabilitation
work, but additional well capacity will still be needed. The current service population is
approximately 100,000 people but a total of 120,000 people could be serviced by the SW
Jenin project.
The scope of the SW Jenin project includes the following elements:
1. Construction of 8 new storage reservoirs that include the following 6 at Ajja, Ku-
ferit, Al Mutilla, Raba (actually to be completed by Anera separate from MWH’s
project,) Jalqamus, Birqin, Arraba and Kafr Rai and the remaining 2 reservoirs
per item 3 below.
2. Construction of a new booster station at Raba (actually to be completed by Anera

as a separate project from MWH’s.)
3. Demolition of the Arraba 1,000 m3 reservoir and Jalqamus 500 m3 reservoir, and
construction of replacements as stated in 1 above for these 2 reservoirs.
4. Rehabilitation of Sanur reservoir that includes leak testing and repairs.
5. Installation of two (2) new wells at Ashshuhada and Janzur, with hydraulic anal-
ysis only for the planed future new wells and booster pump stations at Kfrait, Du-
tan, Zabdeh, and Frasin.
6. Redevelopment of Sanur, Arraba and Qabatiya Wells along with addition of ba-
lancing reservoirs, booster pump stations, electrical and chlorination facilities.
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7. Possible replacement of some existing pipelines – to be determined during prelim-

inary design based upon the hydraulic analysis.
2.3.3 Bani Naim

The Bani Naim project will repair and expand various components of the two existing
water supply wells and two existing pumping stations with reservoirs located near Bani
Naim and transmission piping connecting the Bani Naim wells with reservoirs in Bani
Naim, Halhul and Yatta. Through the Bani Naim, Halhul and Yatta reservoirs, water was
intended to be transmitted to up to 500,000 residents in the southern region of the West
Bank.
The scope of the Bani Naim project will include the following elements:
1. Design and install a new s 4.6 km section of 500-mm pipe between Bani Naim
and Halhul to bypass an existing section of damaged pipe.
2. Repair existing well BN-3 and replace the submersible pump. The well will first
be tested for water capacity and alignment of casing. The scope includes the ad-
dition of living quarters.
3. Design and construct a new well station, 2.6 km of connecting pipeline, road, and
power line for existing production well EH-4. The well will first be tested for wa-
ter capacity and alignment of casing. An electrical control building and living
quarters will be provided.
4. Design and construct a new well station BN-5, pump station and balance tank, 4.5
km of 250 mm connecting pipeline, road, overhead power line, and fiber cable for
a new production well. An electrical control building, chlorination and storage
building, and living quarters will be provided.
5. Convert the abandoned well BN-1 into a production well. An electrical control
building, chlorination and storage building, and living quarters will be provided.
This scope includes 2.5 km of 100 mm connecting pipeline and overhead power
lines.
6. Design a new reduced capacity well pump in the well BN-2 due to potential inter-
ferences with the adjacent wells BN-1b and BN-1. This scope includes the addi-
tion of living quarters.
The Bani Naim Project scope calls for capacity and alignment testing of all the existing
wells. As this will occur during the construction phase of the project, the design has pro-
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gressed using anticipated capacities provided. In order to mitigate any alignment issues,
submersible well pumps will be provided for these wells.
2.3.4 Al Auja
The purpose of the Al Auja Project is to provide a reliable and sufficient water source for
the village of Al Auja to meet the present and future domestic demands. The present
source of water is from Mekoroth with an allocation of 15 to 20 cubic meters per hour.
This supply is unavailable during much of the summer; therefore, the village needs a new
source of supply that can be relied upon. The village has a population of approximately
5,000 inhabitants. The village’s monthly water consumption is approximately 15,000
cubic meters per month.
The project will drill a new drinking water well, equip it, and connect to the new village
reservoir that is currently being built under another contract as part of its project to reha-
bilitate the internal distribution network.
The scope of Al Auja project includes the following elements:

1. Install 2.5 km of new 150 mm pipe between the new well and the new village re-
servoir.
2. Drill a new 500 m deep well and equip it with a new vertical turbine line shaft
pump.
2.3.5 Conveyance Systems

The purpose of the Conveyance Systems project is to increase water supplies to the
southern region of the West Bank. This will be achieved by equipping four new produc-
tion wells and connecting them to the existing transmission systems. It is anticipated that
the project will serve approximately 400,000 people.
The scope of the Conveyance Systems project includes the following elements:
1. Construction of approximately 16 km of 200 to 300 mm diameter transmission

pipeline.
2. Installation of 4 well pumps and associated electrical gear.
3. Construction of three storage systems (balance tanks) with individual capacities of

1,000 m3, 1,500 m3, and 2,000 m3.
4. Construction of a 500 m3 balance tank at the Al-Safi well.
5. Construction of new pump stations and associated electrical gear.
6. Replacement/addition of the pumps at the East Herodian and Saer Pump Stations.
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7. Repair of the existing reservoir at the Saer Pump Station site.
8. Replacement of the flow control valve at the Al-Duhaisheh site.
9. Paving of approximately 1.5 km of dirt road, and the repair of approximately 3 km

of existing paved road.
10. Provision of approximately 16 km of underground duct banks to provide power and

communication to the 4 new well sites.
2.4 Program Procurement Plan

The project will be issued by USAID as one or more Task Orders to be bid by one of the
previously qualified IQC Contractors, which are:
1. American Intercontinental Constructors LLC,
2. The Morganti Group,
3. APCO/ARCON Construction and Services LLC, and
4. International Relief and Development.
The work requires equipment which will be procured from the United States where poss-
ible, including well pumping units, discharge columns, down-hole sensors and well data
panels, booster pumps and motors, soft-start/soft-stop units, VFDs, surge tanks, flow con-
trol valves, isolating valves and surge anticipation valves.
At this time, Task Orders are limited to obligate no more than US $10 million so it is ne-
cessary to divide the work into multiple units so that the upper limit of any one Task Or-
der remains below that limit. The type of work also influences the scope of each Task
Order since there are specialized needs for some of the work.
2.4.1 Major Equipment Procurement

The work requires equipment which will be procured from the United States where poss-
ible, including well pumping units, discharge columns, down-hole sensors and well data
panels, booster pumps and motors, soft-start/soft-stop units, VFDs, surge tanks, flow con-
trol valves, isolating valves and surge anticipation valves. Member countries approved by
USAID are allowed to bid the projects.
2.4.2 Procurement Consistency

The procurement of major equipment shall have the following objectives:
Page 13 of 91
• Equipment type and manufacturer shall be consistent on all projects. Consistent

equipment procurement will provide flexibility and familiarity for operation and
maintenance tasks.
• Identify procurement methods that will expedite equipment delivery to minimize

impacts to the overall schedule.
The following procurement methods have been considered:
Method 1: Construction Contractor Equipment Procurement
Method 1 represents the current method that is being assumed for equipment procurement
for the design projects. This method would require the construction contractor to perform
equipment procurement as part of their bid package. The advantages of having the con-
struction contractor procure the equipment are as follows:
• No increase to the Client & Owner resource load for procurement.

• Contractor owns the downstream warranties.
• Cash flow for major equipment purchase orders would not be required until later
in the project.
The disadvantages to this type of procurement include:
• Equipment supplier could be different from package to package

• Contractor’s markup on equipment and sales tax implications
• Equipment approval and delivery would require more time and is more likely to
impact the schedule because equipment approvals and procurement could not be-
gin until after bid packages are awarded.
Method 2: Procurement Contractor Equipment Procurement
In this method, a single procurement contractor would procure all equipment for all the
bid packages and supply the equipment to the construction contractors who are awarded
the bid packages. The advantages of using a single procurement contractor are as follows:
• No increase to the Client & Owner resource load for procurement.

• Equipment supplier would be the same from package to package.
• Cash flow for major equipment purchase orders would not be required until later
in the project.
• The construction contractor would not own downstream warranties. There is a

possibility that the equipment (and warranties) could be assigned to the construc-
Page 14 of 91
tion contractor after installation. However, there would likely be additional cost
from the construction contractor to do this.
• Contractor’s markup on equipment and sales tax implications
• Equipment approval and delivery would require more time and is more likely to
impact the schedule because equipment approvals and procurement could not be-
gin until after bid packages are awarded.
Method 3: Program Manager Equipment Procurement
This method would utilize the program manager as a procurement agent to the Owner for
equipment procurement. The Owner (via the program manager) would procure all
equipment for all the bid packages and supply the equipment to the construction contrac-
tors who are awarded the bid packages. The advantages of having the program manager
procure the equipment are as follows:
• Adherence to specifications under firmer control of client and agent

• Commonality of equipment and materials due to leveraged procurement strategies
• Maximize probability of schedule compliance for long lead, and complex equip-
ment
• Best value achieved by utilization of experienced procurement and negotiations
resources, and elimination of mark up factors.
• Sales tax implications
• Control over shipping and logistics for complex assignments
• More flexibility for making modifications due to required field changes and there-
fore reduced field rework and potential field change orders
• Enhanced information flow at appropriate time for early O&M information to
support all early pre-commissioning and field commissioning activities
• Transfer of Care, Custody, and Control of equipment to contractor on mobiliza-
tion
• Increase Client & Owner resource load for procurement

• The construction contractor would not own downstream warranties. There is a
possibility that the equipment (and warranties) could be assigned to the construc-
tion contractor after installation. However, there would likely be additional cost
from the construction contractor to do this.
• Cash flow for major equipment purchase orders would be required earlier in the
project.
• The MWH contract would need to be amended to add equipment procurement
services.
Page 15 of 91
Based on the procurement objectives, and discussions with USAID, the Construction
Contractor Equipment Procurement approach (Method 1) will be used for the USAID
West Bank Design Projects.
3 Design Criteria
3.1 General
The following sections provide a description of the design life of the project elements that
were used in the design of the Water Supply Projects.
3.1.1 Design Horizon

The build out year for the Water Supply Projects is 2035 and was used as the basis for
defining design populations and flows. Based on this build out year, population growth is
assumed to be an average of 2.5% per year or two times the 2007 population.
3.1.2 Piping Design Life

Design life for pipeline components of the project should be based on material used and
installation quality. Based on the PWA PDG, the design life of external pipelines should
be 50 years.
3.1.3 Facility Design Life

The PWA PDG for Pumping Stations suggests that design life of pumping facilities be at
a minimum greater than the depreciation period. Based on depreciation periods provided
in the PWA PDG, the following design life is recommended for pump station facilities:
• Buildings: 20 years
• External (outdoor) Pipes: 50 years
• Internal (indoor) Pipes: 15 years
3.1.4 Equipment Design Life

Based on depreciation periods provided in the PWA PDG, the recommended design life
for machinery and electrical equipment is 15 years.
Page 16 of 91
3.2 Program Hydraulics

3.2.1 Overview
3.2.1.1 Units
The following units were used for hydraulic calculations and design for all projects:
Table 4 Hydraulic Units

Length Meter (m)
Diameter Millimeter (mm)
Velocity Meters / Second (m/sec)
Flow Cubic meters/ Hour
(m3/hr)
Demand Liters / minute
or liters / capita / day
Volume Cubic meters (m3)
Pressure bar
3.2.1.2 Flow Design Requirements

For each of the projects, population is assumed to grow at 2.5% per year. Design flows
are calculated based on a sum of the following:
• Residential – 120 l/cap/day applied to the 2035 population projections for each
project.
• Water Loss – 30 l/cap/day to be applied to the 2035 population projections for each
project.
• Bulk Supply – Maximum 720 l/min at each village over 20 minutes per day.
• No allocation is included for additional commercial, industrial, irrigation, or lives-
tock demands.
Monthly demand fluctuations are not considered. Diurnal fluctuations will be absorbed
by the reservoirs as described in the section discussing Water Distribution Facilities. The
population projections and associated design flow for each project is included in the
project-specific BODRs.
The peaking factors are assumed to be: minimum flow is one half of the average flow
(0.5 * Average flow) and maximum flow is two times the average flow (2.0* Average
Flow).
Page 17 of 91
3.2.1.3 Pressure Requirements

Table 5 Hydraulic Requirements
Maximum Pressure 20 bar1
Minimum Pressure 2 bar
Bulk Filling Station Pressure 2 bar
Pipe Design Min. Pressure 10 bar
Pipe Maximum Velocity 1.8 m/s
By Hazen Williams
Headloss
Formula
1. Higher pressures may be allowed on a case-by-case

basis, but shall be no higher than the maximum pres-
sure rating of the pipe.
A roughness C-Factor of 140 will be used for all new transmission pipes and 120 for all
transmission pipes in an aged condition. The Darcy Weisbach formula with a roughness
of 0.000005 ft per recommendation of AWWA M55, will be used for HDPE distribution
piping.
Gate or butterfly valves will be installed along the pipeline at strategic locations to allow
isolation of downstream segments for repair or other purposes. In general, maximum
valve spacing along the transmission line will be 1,500 meters to provide for isolation of
pipeline segments for repair.
Air valve stations will be incorporated into the design using the guidelines of AWWA
manual M51 and consider existing site conditions. Air valves will be fenced for security.
In addition, farmers have removed air release valves in the past to access the water supply
for livestock. To ensure that these air valves are not removed from the transmission pipe-
lines, all air valves stations will contain a spigot to water livestock. Air valve stations
shall be designed to protect against cross contamination. Spigots will be provided with a
backflow prevention system and air valves shall be design to discharge above the high
water table.
Hydraulic transient mitigating devices such as hydropneumatic tanks will be considered

for each well and pump station for surge protection.
Page 18 of 91
3.2.2 Hydraulic Evaluation Approach

3.2.2.1 System Hydraulics
The objective of the hydraulic analysis modeling is to determine the normal range of the
hydraulic profile resulting from the operation of the wells, pump stations, transmission
pipelines and reservoirs for the established design flow rates. A steady state hydraulic
calculation or model will be performed for each project to help select and appropriately
size the equipment. Once the hydraulic equipment has been selected, the steady state
model will be used to confirm that the design satisfies the operational goals of the system.
3.2.2.2 Surge Analysis

In addition to the development of a steady state hydraulic model for each project, hydrau-
lic transient analysis models will be developed to determine each transmission system’s
response to the design case surge causing event. Typically the event that produces the
design case hydraulic transient is the simultaneous loss of power at the well and pump
stations. If the pumps abruptly loose power, the rapid change in velocity downstream of
the pumps has the potential to create partial or full vacuum pressure waves which can re-
flect off the boundaries of the system and create high hydraulic transient pressure waves,
or pressure surges. The hydraulic transient models will be used to determine if hydraulic
transient mitigation equipment is needed, to select the type and size of surge mitigation
equipment and to verify that the surge mitigation design allows the system to operate
within the established transient pressure design allowances of the pipe and mechanical
equipment.
If necessary, additional transient analyses will be performed to help design the actuation
of various in-line modulating valves such as pressure sustaining valves, pressure reducing
valves and flow control valves so these devices do not produce significant transient pres-
sures.
Hydraulic transients models will not be developed for distribution systems since most
distribution systems are gravity fed by reservoirs and the potential for damaging pressure
transients is very low.
3.3 Pipeline Conveyance System Design

This section will define the pipeline conveyance system design criteria that will be used
for the Design Program Management Services for the Water Supply Projects. The crite-
ria defined in this section apply to all projects unless noted otherwise in the project-
specific BODRs.
Page 19 of 91
3.3.1 Codes, Standards, and References

Piping material and installation requirements will be designed using standard MWH spe-
cifications, which are derived using American based standards such as American Water
Works Association (AWWA), American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) and
American National Standards Institute (ANSI), as well as MWH’s technical experience in
engineering pipeline systems.
Pipeline layouts and construction activities will be designed in order to meet the applica-
ble requirements of the PWA General Technical Specifications for Water Supply Net-
works and Planning and Design Guide. In addition, site-specific design and construction
criteria will developed for distribution systems from contact and input with the various
villages within the project area in order to best suit the needs of each village. This infor-
mation will be obtained through field investigations and meetings with representatives of
each village.
3.3.2 Design Overview

The pipeline alignments and design will be used to provide safe, cost effective, and low
maintenance service to the West Bank as a part of the Water Supply Projects as per-
formed under the direction of the USAID.
3.3.2.1 Scope
3.3.2.1.1 Transmission Pipelines
Generally, transmission pipelines are used to transmit water from the potable water
source to the individual villages throughout the West Bank region. Normally the trans-
mission pipelines originate from wells or existing pipelines and terminate at storage re-
servoirs. Transmission pipelines will be designed to transmit water to the individual sto-
rage reservoirs as required by the hydraulic analysis and will not include water service
lines or bulk filling stations.
3.3.2.1.2 Distribution Pipelines

Generally, the distribution lines will carry water from the village storage reservoirs and
provide water to individual residents within the villages. The distribution lines will pro-
vide residents with potable water through service line connections to their home. Distri-
bution pipelines will also be designed to carry flows to the bulk filling stations, however,
true fire flows will not be provided.
Page 20 of 91
3.3.3 Design Criteria

3.3.3.1 Pipeline Material
Pipes and fittings used for the transmission mains will be ductile iron pipe with cement
mortar linings and asphaltic coating on the pipe exterior. These components will con-
form to the requirements of AWWA C104, C150, C151, and C153. Standard nominal
sizes will be used as required by the hydraulic analysis. Standard wall thicknesses will be
used as determined by calculations taking into account hydraulic pressure and buried
trench conditions. Generally, the maximum hydraulic pressure for the transmission pipe-
lines will be limited to 20 bars, however, if higher pressures are required to limit the
number of pumping stations, higher pressures up to the maximum pressure rating of the
pipe will be allowed.
Push-on and mechanical joints requiring a gasket type seal for ductile iron will conform
to the requirements of AWWA C111. If petroleum contaminated soils are encountered,
nitrile gaskets will be used.
Additional protection against pipe corrosion will be provided via the recommendations of
the corrosion study provided by the Geotechnical Report. Likely provisions include
wrapping the pipe barrel with polyethylene sheet during installation as required by AW-
WA C105.
For transmission piping less than 100 mm and where pressures allow, HDPE pipe may be
used. The HDPE shall conform to the requirements detailed in the following section.

Pipe and fittings used for the distribution mains will HDPE conform to the requirements
of AWWA C906. Standard iron pipe size (IPS) nominal sizes will be used as required by
the hydraulic analysis. Standard wall thicknesses will be used as determined by calcula-
tions taking into account hydraulic pressure and buried trench conditions. Maximum hy-
draulic pressure for the distribution pipelines (diameters 250, 200, 150, or 100 mm) will
be 8 bars, and a minimum of 2 bars.
HDPE pipe and fittings will be butt fusion welded, or electro fusion welded according to
the requirements of AWWA Manual M-55.
3.3.3.1.3 Service Pipelines

Pipes used for service lines will be HDPE conforming to the requirements of AWWA
C901/906. Standard size for general residential connections will be 20 mm. The size of
non-residential services will be based upon specific water requirements. The minimum
pressure at house connections shall be 1.5 bar.
Page 21 of 91
3.3.3.2 Pipeline Alignment

3.3.3.2.1 General
Pipelines will be installed in order to limit impacts to private land and to traffic along
roadways. Pipeline sections that cross existing major roads will be fully encased in con-
crete or will be installed with a casing pipe.
Pipeline sections installed across wadis (dry ravines that tend to flood during the rainy
season) will be encased in reinforced concrete and covered by caged boulders (gabions)
or paved over with concrete pavement.

To limit illegal connections to the transmission main and for security reasons, the trans-
mission pipelines will be installed within the limits of public roadways. When consi-
dered appropriate, on a project by project basis, the pipeline will be located beneath the
pavement, and the pavement replaced after pipe installation. This also limits the distur-
bance to private and agriculture lands. The pipeline installation will be designed so that
traffic interruptions are minimized. The contractor will be required to develop and im-
plement traffic control measures that maintain the flow of traffic around the construction
site, while still allowing local access to residences and public facilities.

The distribution system will also be placed in village roadways in order to discourage il-
legal connections and in order to limit disturbances to private property. The distribution
system will be looped where suitable in order to provide redundancy to the system. Dead
end lines will be minimized since it can become difficult to maintain chlorine residuals.
However, if dead end pipelines are required, the pipeline will be capped near water ser-
vice connections in order to prevent areas of dead or stale water.
Again, the contractor will be required to develop and implement traffic control measures
that maintain the flow of traffic around the construction site, while still allowing local
access to residences and public facilities.
3.3.3.2.4 Water Service Pipelines

Service line connections will be installed within the distribution system to provide water
to individual homeowners, businesses, and other structures. Each new service connection
will include a curb valve, water service line and a water meter. The water meter will be
located in an above-grade enclosure at the structure or buried in a vault outside of the
structure The curb valve will be located a minimum of 1.5 m from the shoulder of the
roadways.
Page 22 of 91
Re-connection to existing water service lines will be made as a part of this project where
existing water service lines are present. The re-connection will only be performed after
the water main has been disinfected, tested, and placed in service. If the existing water
system is disrupted during the construction of the new water distribution systems, the
contractor will be required to provide temporary water to the residences impacted.
3.3.3.3 Pipeline Installation

3.3.3.3.1 Excavation, Backfilling and Compaction
Pipeline excavation, bedding and backfilling will be designed according to the standards
governing the pipeline material and recommendations of the Geotechnical Report. Gen-
erally, ductile iron will be installed following the guidelines of AWWA Manual M41 and
HDPE pipe will be installed following the guidelines of AWWA Manual M55.
Specifically, information regarding the hydraulic pressure and the buried pipe loads and
resulting stresses will be determined and compared to the allowable stresses of the pipe.
In addition, pipe supports for above grade piping will be placed so that pipe stresses do
not exceed allowable stresses.
In addition, the recommendations of the geotechnical report will be reviewed and incor-
porated into the design. Pipeline excavation activities will constrained in order to provide
adequate room for installation activities, but yet limit the impact to roadway traffic and
surface restorations. The design of the pipeline bedding and backfilling will attempt to
use local borrow sources in order to minimize transportation costs. Compaction will be
designed in order to provide adequate support to the pipeline and to limit surface settle-
ment.
3.3.3.3.2 Trench Sections and Bedding

For all pipelines, the pipeline will be installed in trenches at below-grade depth. Pursuant
to the PWA requirements, the pipe barrel will be laid on a layer of bedding minimum 150
mm thick and covered by a layer of bedding minimum 300 mm thick. The bedding ma-
terial will be washed sea sand, or other locally acceptable equivalent meeting the re-
quirements of the specifications. Trench backfill above the bedding will be filled with
compacted base course under paved and unpaved roads, and with select backfill in open
country. Minimum overall trench depth will be 1.55 meters for 200 mm pipelines and
1.65 meters for 300 mm pipelines. The minimum trench width shall be 800 mm for 200
mm pipelines and 900 mm for 300 mm pipelines. These requirements will be reviewed
and updated as necessary with respect to the recommendations of the Geotechnical Inves-
tigations.
Page 23 of 91
When working along existing paved roads, asphalt pavement damaged by trenching will
be replaced, while existing undisturbed asphalt will be left in place. Generally, construc-
tion of new asphalt pavement across the full width of the road will not be included in the
project, except where identified by the client.
3.3.3.3.3 Land/ROW Acquisition

Normally, pipelines will be installed in public roadways in order to decrease the possibili-
ty of unauthorized tapping. However, it may be necessary to install the pipelines in areas
outside of the public right-of-way. These areas will be determined on a case-by-case ba-
sis and will be described in more detail in the project-specific BODRs.
3.3.3.4 Thrust Restraints

3.3.3.4.1 Transmission Piping
Buried pipe joints will be restrained joint design to restrain thrust forces at valves, bends,
tees and any other locations where thrust forces cannot be internally distributed. If re-
strained joints cannot be used or are insufficient for the design pressures, thrust blocks
will be used. All restraining systems will be designed in order to adequately restrain
thrust forces created at the maximum rated pressures along the pipeline with an adequate
safety factor.
Flanged joints will be used for piping above grade or in vaults to connect to valves,
PRVs, and other appurtenances. Restrained mechanical sleeve couplings will be pro-
vided to allow for removal of appurtenances, as appropriate.
3.3.3.4.2 Distribution Piping

The pipe joints for the HDPE distribution piping will be butt fusion welded, electro fu-
sion welded, or flanged which allows the pipeline to be internally restrained. If other,
non-restrained joints are required for the distribution piping, thrust blocks will be used.
3.3.3.5 Appurtenances and Structures

3.3.3.5.1 Transmission Piping
The transmission pipelines will include combination air/vacuum release valves as re-
quired by AWWA M51. Air/vacuum release valves will be installed in below-grade, pre-
cast concrete chambers rated for 40-ton traffic and located primarily under the existing
roads. Blowoffs will not normally be supplied, but may be included on a case-by-case
basis at significant low points. If a blowoff is required, it will be discussed in the project-
specific BODRs. Washout outfalls will be located at blowoffs to minimize potential for
soil erosion and resulting conflicts with landowners.
Page 24 of 91
Gate or butterfly valves will be installed along the pipeline at strategic locations to allow
isolation of downstream segments for repair or other purposes. Gate valves will be used
on pipelines equal to or less than 250 mm, while butterfly valves will be used on pipe-
lines larger than 250 mm. Isolation valves that connect to ductile iron pipe will be me-
chanical joint, suitably restrained against thrust forces, while valves that connect the
HDPE pipe will be flanged. Where required, thrust restraint will be provided for me-
chanical joints.
Isolation valves will be supplied on transmission mains at a minimum of every 1,500 me-
ters.
Pressure reducing valves and flow control valves may also be installed at some connec-
tion points between the transmission system and individual reservoirs. Pressure reducing
valves may also be required in many distribution systems in order to limit the pressure for
residential use. These valves will be placed in precast concrete vaults.
3.3.3.5.2 Distribution Piping

Distribution piping will include combination air/vacuum release valves at high points if
no service lines can be utilized to evacuate air from the main. Dead end pipelines will be
minimized during design. However, if dead end pipelines are required and there are no
water service lines near the end, a means to flush the pipeline will be provided via a bulk
filling station, yard hydrant or other means. Pressure reducing valves will also be in-
stalled in the distribution piping network as required to maintain a residential working
pressure to the service area. All valves will be installed in 40-ton traffic rated, cast-in-
place concrete vaults. Isolation valves will be placed within the distribution systems to
provide adequate redundancy to the system.
3.4 Civil and Drainage Design

This section will define the civil and drainage design criteria that will be used for the De-
sign Program Management Services for the Water Supply Projects. The criteria defined
in this section apply to all projects unless noted otherwise in the project-specific BODRs.

• PWA Planning and Design Guideline
• Palestinian Ministry of Public Works
• MWH – MWH Design Quality Procedures

In general, the civil and drainage design will be developed in order to protect the site and
wells from contamination of any and all untreated water while providing necessary access
for operation and maintenance needs. Site grading will be designed to ensure that all ru-
Page 25 of 91
noff is direct away from wells and pump station. The elevation of floors and other struc-
tures will be set as to ensure that they are protected from runoff.
Roadways will be aligned in order to provide access from existing roads to wells and
pump stations. Roadways will be graded to promote drainage away from the road and
toward the nearest Wadi Al Dabi. If these new roads cross existing drainage paths, either
the drainage paths will be diverted or culverts will be installed. The Well Station shall
also include a kitchen, shower and toilet. Because there is no centralized wastewater sys-
tem, the station will need a septic system to handle wastewater.

3.4.3.1 Roads and Paving
Roadways will be aligned in order to provide access from existing roads to wells, pump
stations and reservoirs. Roadways will be graded to promote ease of access and drainage
away from the road and towards the nearest natural drainage or wadi. If these new roads
cross existing drainage paths, either the drainage paths will be diverted or culverts will be
installed. Paved Roadway will be provided for access within all Well Stations, Pump Sta-
tions and Reservoirs.
Design Speed shall be 60 km/h in the rural areas,15 km/h within project sites, and 30
km/h in residential areas. Horizontal road alignment layout will consist of straight tan-
gents and circular curves only. Compound curves, reverse curve or spiral will not be used
in the design. Roads and Paving design shall also conform to or exceed the applicable
requirements of the Specifications for asphalt concrete roadways from the American As-
sociation of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and the Jordanian
Standard Specification.
The following design criteria will apply to the roadway designs:
• Super-elevation transition will be provided only on Highways.
• Vertical Crest or sag curves will be design to meet local minimum Stopping Sight
distance requirement.
• Maximum Grade of public access road shall not exceed 9%.
• The minimum road width shall be 4.0m with 1.0 minimum shoulder on each side.
• The Standard Cross Slope for any new paved access road construction on the tra-
vel way shall be 2%. On unpaved roadway surfaces, the cross slope shall be 2.5%
to 5%.
Page 26 of 91
• Embankment slopes shall not exceed those recommended in the geotechnical re-
ports.
• Unlined gutter/ditch shall be provided to promote surface drainage towards near-

est natural drainage or wadi.
• Pavement section recommendation will be provided within the Geotechnical Re-

port.
• Design of traffic striping and signs will not be included in this Project.
All pavements, sidewalls, sidewalks, curbs, gutters, shrubbery, fences, poles, sod, or oth-
er property and surface structures removed or disturbed as a part of the work will be res-
tored to a condition equal to that before the work began
Trench Backfill in Roadways: Where pipelines pass underneath asphalted roads and pa-
rallel to the axis of the road, trench backfill above the bedding will be filled with com-
pacted base course.
Base Course: 200 mm (after compaction) will consist of approved base course material,
placed, wetted and compacted to not less than 95 % of the modified proctor density.
Prime Coat: The roadways will have a prime coat between the base course and the as-
phalt surfacing, This Prime Coat will consist of spraying 2kg of prime coat (MCO) per
each square meter over the compacted base course, and applying a layer of asphalt mix of
18.75 mm gradation, in a thickness not less than 50mm, after compaction, to satisfy the
Specification requirements of Palestinian Ministry of Public Works.
3.4.3.2 Site Grading

Project sites will be graded to provide the stabile base for facilities to be constructed.
Grading will include the subgrade for structures and roadways along with general site
grading to bring the facility grades back to match existing grades.
Building and structures will be graded as noted below:
Reservoirs: Grade backfill over the footings away from the reservoir at a 1:6 slope min-
imum. Backfill is to extend up the wall of the footing to a point 300 mm (12”) above the
footing to provide freeze protection.
At Slabs and Structures: Grade backfill around structures to be 150 mm (6”) below the
finish slab or floor grade. Slope the backfill at a 1:4 surface down and away from the
Page 27 of 91
structure for a minimum of 3 meters. Earthwork will meet the requirements of the speci-
fications.
Connecting Slopes: Where fill height requires connecting slopes from finish grade back
down to existing grade these slopes will be a 1:3 maximum. Any slopes not ‘catching’
within the property limits will be retained with a suitable vertical or sloped retaining wall
or other soil support system. Approved soil support systems are gabion baskets, rock-
eries, and concrete retaining walls.
Grading and drainage requirements will be coordinated to assure proper protection of all
disturbed earthwork on site.
3.4.3.3 Site Drainage

Site drainage will be incorporated into the grading plan and will involve the collection
and transmission of all onsite and offsite surface water through or around the facilities at
the site. Any established drainage channels or wadi’s will be evaluated in the design and
either realigned or armored (or both) to protect onsite facilities and to assure safe passage
to the storm water flows.
Surface drainage will be via sheet flow at velocities under 0.5 meters per second. Chan-
nel flow will be in trapezoidal or ‘v’ ditches with velocities below1.0 meters per second
for unlined conditions and up to 2 meter per second lined. Channel slope shall be limited
to keep velocities within this range. Where higher velocity is required do to topographic
requirements the channel will be diverted to a pipe system, or concrete channel. Energy
dissipation may be required at steep slopes to’ break’ velocity and stabilize the flow.
Onsite drainage volumes will be calculated using the rational method, with suitable sub-
basin definition to define flow rates at critical locations.
3.4.3.4 Landscaping
The use of shrubs and decorative trees will be minimized in order to reduce the required
maintenance of the landscaping. As previously discussed in this BODR, site drainage
will be directed away from structures towards the perimeter of the site into the drainage
swale, which can be vegetated for stormwater management. Drought-tolerant species of
shrubs and trees, native to the individual areas of the West Bank, can be planted in the
swale in depressions designed to retain some surface water runoff. No trees will be lo-
cated closer than 2 meters to structures; however, shrubs may be planted close to struc-
tures or curbs.
Page 28 of 91
An empty garden area (4 meters by 4 meters) will be designed near the living quarters to
plant seasonal vegetables and fruits. Suggested types of trees that can be planted are ci-
trus trees, olive trees, and almond trees.
Landscape irrigation for the garden will be available from the rainwater cistern, as dis-
cussed in a separate section. During periods of little rainfall, irrigation water can be used
to provide water to the shrubs and trees in the swale.
3.5 Instrumentation and Controls Design

This section will define the instrumentation and controls design criteria that will be used
for the Design Program Management Services for the Water Supply Projects. The crite-
ria defined in this section apply to all projects unless noted otherwise in the project-
specific BODRs.

The following industry standards will apply to the design outlined herein:
1. Underwriters Laboratory (UL) – 508, Standard for Safety, Industrial Control Pa-
nels.
2. American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
3. ASTM International
4. Deutsche Industrie-Norm (DIN) - VDE 0611, Specification for modular terminal
blocks for connection of copper conductors up to 1000V ac or dc.
5. Instrument, Systems and Automation Society (ISA) standards including:
a. S5.1, Instrumentation Symbols and Identification
b. S5.4, Instrument Loop Diagrams
c. S50.1, Compatibility of analog signals for electronic industrial process in-
struments
d. TR20.00.01, Specification forms for process measurement and control in-
struments, Part 1: General
6. National Electric Code (NEC)
7. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
8. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) – C62.41, recommended
practice on surge voltages in low-voltage AC power circuits.
9. National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), including
a. 250, Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000V max)
b. ICS 1, Industrial Control and Systems General Requirements

The overall control system design philosophy is one which highlights ease of use, resi-
liency to component failure, modular construction/maintenance and reduced visibility of
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electronic equipment or instruments. Sample design criteria intended to support this phi-
losophical approach are bulleted below.
• Pump control logic will be limited to elementary level or pressure control (with
integration of discrete safety inputs) and low-maintenance mechanical control
elements used to the fullest extent possible at remote sites.
• The system installation approach will be geared toward location of electronic
components within secure facilities to the greatest extent possible. Where elec-
tronic components must be installed outdoors, the electronic display will not be
provided but remote mounted indoors.
• Use of air conditioning units in remote panels will be avoided: panels components
will be designed for extreme conditions and outdoor panels shall be designed re-
flect / radiate heat away from the panel.
• Although anticipated to be constructed by US integration firms, the selected con-
trol system equipment shall have current regional support and readily available
spare parts.
• Centralized control at each facility (thereby concentrating key components within
secure areas)
• The Owner’s ability to respond quickly to system component failure(s) is often a
function of events and circumstances beyond the control of the operations and
maintenance staff. Use of redundant components will allow the process to con-
tinue uninterrupted and maintenance tasks to be planned/scheduled:
o Redundant WAN fiber optic cabling in separate conduit
o Use of redundant central controllers in “process point of failure” facilities
o Use of redundant SCADA servers (with at least one unit panel secured) in
“process point of failure” facilities
o Use of redundant online power supplies for panels, communication hubs
and key network components.
o Allowance for standby pumps in all pumping strategies and mechanical
safety measures (including fail-safe shutdowns upon loss of power or con-
trol signal)
o Use of racked VFD units for ease of replacement and online redundant
VFD units at key locations where multi-pump arrangements do not apply.
• Mechanical, hydraulic and reserve battery power solutions for protection against
power failure or cycling
• Proportional chlorine injection only (with residual monitoring)
• Secure remote access will allow for remote monitoring and control of facility
processes and equipment as well as autodialer-type alarm notification.
Often, individual facilities or process control areas will be designed to operate indepen-
dently. However, it is anticipated that all systems will ultimately be integrated into a mas-
ter control structure. To this end, each site design will seek to employ common hardware,
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software, data transfer methodologies, communication medium type and communication

protocols. A tagging convention to support this arrangement is outlined in the latter por-
tion of Section 3.5.3.2 Control Components and Communication Networks.
Lastly, given the importance of water distribution to the region, the control system will
always endeavor to maintain the process flow but not at the expense of wasted water.

3.5.3.1 Abbreviations and Term Definitions
LCS - Local Control Station
LCP - Local Control Panel
VCP - Vendor Control Panel (Supplied by Equipment Vendor)
HMI - Human Machine Interface
P&ID - Process and Instrumentation Diagram
PID - Proportional + Integral + Derivative
PLC - Programmable Logic Controller
SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
VFD - Variable Frequency Drive
GUI - Graphic User Interface
MCC - Motor Control Center
VSD - Variable Speed Drive
ATS - Automatic Transfer Switch
OI - Operator Interface
TBD - To Be Determined
RVSS - Reduced Voltage Soft Starter
LALL - Level alarm low-low
LAHH - Level alarm high-high
RTU - Remote Telemetry Unit
LAN - Local Area Network
WAN - Wide Area Network
OPC - OLE (Object Linking & Embedding) for Process Control
UTP - Unshielded Twisted Pair
TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
UPS - Uninterruptable Power Supply
HVAC - Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
CCTV - Closed Circuit Television
NVR - Network Video Recorder
RAID - Redundant Array of Independent Drives
NVR - Network Video Recorder
3.5.3.2 Control Components and Communication Networks

The control system architecture shall be Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)-based
with Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) serving as the primary
communication protocol between major control system components. The PLC portion of
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the control network, per site, shall consist of a centralized redundant PLC controller (ex-
cept as may apply to vendor supplied equipment or well sites directly connected to the
transmission system). The PLC shall be configured to communicate with Remote in-
put/output (I/O) units which may be located in the same control panel and/or within
another site structure. Remote I/O communication shall be via manufacturer adapter or
transceiver using manufacturer approved shielded industrial cabling and/or fiber optic
cabling. The typical site communication medium shall be category 5e Unshielded
Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling (indoor, low voltage areas) or 50 micron multimode fiber op-
tic cabling (outdoor or indoor process areas/medium voltage areas). All site fiber shall be
routed and terminated with 100% spare capacity. Inter-site communication shall be via
single mode fiber optic cabling (with routing options as detailed below) or via cellular
communications using a local (or Jordanian) service provider (depending upon negotiated
data rates).
Fiber optic routing shall follow one of two methods:

1. Where new sub-terrain pipeline and/or electrical utilities are being installed to a
given site, fiber shall be routed within concrete encased duct banks on either side
of the pipeline. No less than (2) 80-mm conduits shall be reserved for communi-
cation fiber only. Pull-boxes shall be installed every 500m.
2. Where electrical utilities are being routed aerially and no new pipeline installation
is planned, “figure-8” all dielectric fiber optic cabling shall be routed aerially on
the power line support towers. Installation shall include vibration dampening and
dielectric clamping.
All fiber routing shall be managed by means of lockable cross connect cabinets installed
within the property security fencing (if not within a secure property structure).
Each booster station shall include a room reserved for operator control system interface
and a second more secure area for housing of network and controller equipment. The
network and controller room shall house the control network equipment, the site redun-
dant PLC control cabinet and a panel mounted industrial computer configured as one of
two OLE (Object Linking & Embedding) for Process Control (OPC)-compliant Supervi-
sory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) servers. Two computers, furnished with the
necessary OPC-compliant control system software and support applications, shall be pro-
vided for the plant operations, support and management staff in the control room. The
second SCADA node server and SCADA/Development node workstation shall be server-
grade and workstation-grade desktop computers respectively, housed in a modular con-
sole along with one black and white laser printer. The SCADA servers shall be confi-
gured for “hot-standby” with both units tasked to collect data in parallel. The control sys-
tem packages shall be configured to allow for automatic SCADA control fail-over func-
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tionality in the event of failure of the currently designated primary unit. The SCADA
servers shall be equipped with software capable of collecting, storing and trending SCA-
DA data and shall each be equipped with sufficient data storage capacity to house 2 years
of historical data (collection rate to be determined). The SCADA/Development computer
will house HMI view-node software, screen development software, PLC programming
software and shall also be capable of automatically generating reports and publishing
web-pages with pre-arranged process data displayed.
A router with multiple local access network (LAN) support and one 24-port 10/100 Base-
T auto-sensing ethernet switch with online redundant power supply shall constitute the
backbone of the control network. The default protocol shall be TCP/IP. Media conver-
ters shall be housed in concentration chassis with redundant power supplies. The router
shall be equipped with a remote access card and a fiber wide area network (WAN) card
(for connection to the WAN and in anticipation of a future managed network arrange-
ment). Remote access shall be strictly controlled by the router.
The type of network remote access to be employed will be finalized during Owner securi-
ty discussions.
One laptop furnished with the applicable control system software and support applica-
tions shall be provided for the senior management staff. The unit shall have software and
hardware capable of accessing the PLC control program directly (via direct connection to
the PLC) or over the network. The unit shall be capable of viewing the current status of
the booster station via the SCADA node servers. The unit shall be configured to remote-
ly access the control network via the site router. The router will serve as the remote entry
point to the site network (to be determined), the dial-out gateway for the SCADA alarms
auto-dialer software and will support WAN connectivity. The SCADA node servers shall
have redundant AutoDialer software installed and configured to page (with alphanumeri-
cal alarm descriptions) or call (using pre-recorded voice messages) selected support staff
should critical alarm conditions be detected. All out-going calls shall be routed through
and be monitored and managed by the site router.
In general all site control systems and local networks shall be designed and constructed in
anticipation of connection and integration into a centrally managed and administered con-
trol network. To this end, each site design will seek to employ common hardware, soft-
ware, data transfer methodologies, communication medium type and communication pro-
tocols. For local access security and wide area organization, individual workgroups (with
common user names and associated access privileges) will be established at each site and
associated facilities will be grouped under a common subnet (groupings to be deter-
mined). Instrument and equipment tag numbering for each site will include a prefix
which uniquely identifies an area subnet grouping and the physical site type. No attempt
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will be made to establish any higher level network organization structure (i.e. domains)
under the current contracts.
To further support this structured arrangement, the following instrument/equipment tag-

ging convention is proposed:
“XX##-YY##-PIT-101A”
Where:
XX## = Project Area Identifier
YY## = Physical location
PIT = ISA / mechanical Description
101 = Tag/loop number
A = Tag/loop number suffix
Reference CAD Standards guidelines for project and physical location identifier defini-
tions.
3.5.3.3 Instrumentation and Field Equipment

For site instruments, where and when ever practical:
• "Smart" instruments shall be utilized (with hardwired connections only)
• Outdoor instruments shall be either “blind-faced” or the transmitter remote-
mounted within a secure facility
• Analyzers shall be reagent-less type and equipped with smart sensors
• Ultrasonic measurement will be the preferred level measurement technology for
balance tanks, wet wells, reservoirs and sodium hypochlorite storage tanks
• Hydrostatic level sensors will be employed at the raw water wells (max depth =
200m). Note: sensor ports should be sized no less than 50-mm in diameter with
minimal entry bend to facilitate probe installation. Important application notes:
o Although the maximum well depth is expected to be 850m, the maximum
static water table is not expected to exceed 150m maximum. A custom
vendor cable will be developed to accommodate typical installation with
the drop cable length and water table established as variables.
o Absolute maximum installation depth (below ground surface) of vertical
shaft pump is 365m but more typical maximum depth is 182m. Submersi-
ble pumps are not expected to be installed more than 400m below ground
surface. In either case, pump suction will be no less than 20m below an-
ticipated dynamic level.
o Sensor will be configured as an absolute pressure sensor to prevent
air/moisture intrusion and scaled for maximum water column anticipated
on a per well basis.
o Sensor should be Hart compatible so scaling can be adjusted without the
need to physically withdraw the probe
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o Note: the need for an independent level data logger (as shown on the well
drawings) may be eliminated given the data logging capabilities of the lo-
cal PLC.
• Magnetic flow meters will be the preferred flow measurement instrument in pri-
mary process and sodium hypochlorite delivery lines
• 24VAC or loop-power will be the preferred scheme with quick-connections for
signal (and power where applicable)
Note: PLC units shall be as manufactured by Modicon or GE with iFix control sys-
tem software employed at all SCADA workstations and operator interfaces. A sepa-
rate historian will not be considered at this time (with the exception of the NE Jenin
central control facility).
Communications to starters, valve actuators and variable frequency drive (VFD) units
shall be via hard-wire connection only. The inter-building communication medium shall
be 50-micron fiber optic cable with redundant pairs. All controllers and control panels
shall be furnished with monitored, redundant power supplies and all area equipment
groupings shall be supported by smart Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) units (with
relay-card interface), monitored by the control system via hardwire connection. Links to
the portable emergency generator systems shall also be established for system and fuel
status monitoring. Power monitors shall be installed at all pumping facilities and smart
motor protection relays (MPR) on individual drives and starters. Power monitors shall be
modbus-ready. Multiple power monitors and/or MPR units shall be connected using a
bus architecture (with node drops) employing industrial grade RS-485 cabling with RJ-45
connectors.
I/O depicted on the P&ID drawings for each process area shall be displayed on the hu-
man machine interface (HMI) control screens and all analog data (as well as alarms and
status points) shall be historically collected, recorded and trended. Generated control
screens shall be consistent in presentation, quality, color usage, symbol usage, and navi-
gation options (as established during the construction period graphics meetings).
Each raw water well will be equipped with a standardized Remote Telemetry Unit (RTU)
assembly supported by a smart UPS unit with relay-card interface (for direct bat-
tery/inverter monitoring at the PLC). The RTU assembly shall include an ethernet-ready
PLC with industrial transceiver to support single-mode fiber connection and a panel-
mounted, Ethernet-ready operator interface (capable of logging up to 2 weeks of data).
An Ethernet-ready cellular modem may be used in lieu of a fiber transceiver if required.
Ethernet components shall be locally networked by means of an industrial grade Ethernet
switch. A typical reservoir RTU shall be similarly configured with the exception of the
operator interface which will not be required.
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Each well site is anticipated to have a secure environmentally controlled structure; there-
fore the well site RTU assembly will be housed within a Nema 12 painted steel panel.
Where RTU panels must be mounted outdoors (e.g. reservoir locations), the furnished
Nema 4X panel shall be constructed of white-powder coated 316 stainless steel with
white-powder coated aluminum sunshields on all sides. Outdoor RTU panels shall be
configured with dead-front doors; area transmitters will be installed within the RTU and
no operator interface shall be provided. Remote outdoor installations may also consider
solar power options with storage battery in the event routing of power proves economi-
cally unfeasible. Panel temperature and intrusion detection (with override maintenance
switch) shall be monitored on all installations. In addition, each well site will have the
means to support plug-in monitoring of a portable generator.
It is anticipated that each well pump will be fitted with a variable frequency drive or re-
duced-voltage soft-starter equipped with a smart MPR. Modbus communications shall be
established between the MPR and the PLC (Note: Use of reduced voltage soft starter
(RVSS) and VFD units shall be detailed Section 3 – Raw Water Wells).
At each well site, the local operator interface shall be password-protected and equipped
with limited data logging capability. The operator interface shall be programmed to dis-
play status information concerning the local well site, any well sites associated with the
common transmission system feeding the down-stream booster pump station and the sta-
tus of the down-stream booster pump station. The well site PLC shall be programmed to
manage local well control functions, monitor status of all connected equipment and inter-
face with the associated booster pump station SCADA servers.
3.5.3.4 Fire Systems, Chemical Leak Detection, and Other Safety Func-
tions
The site Master Fire Control Panel (which will receive signals from all other site building
fire alarm panels) will be integrated with the site control system only to the extent that
area/building alarms will be annunciated and recorded on the SCADA workstations. In-
dividual smoke and heat detectors will be monitored by the fire alarm system.
The heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system will not be integrated into
the control system and will be controlled by means of an independent, vendor specific,
controller and interface. However, an output from the control system or directly from the
fire system panel (to be determined) will be made available to the HVAC system to faci-
litate shutdown in the event a fire is detected.
Page 36 of 91
Chemical containment areas, including routing trenches, shall be equipped with chemi-
cally inert liquid detection devices configured to report to the site control system. In in-
stances where chemical lines are routed outside of containment areas or routing trenches,
the lines shall be double contained and sloped in a manner such that any liquid leaking
from the primary containment line will collect at a single point. A liquid detection device
shall be installed at this point and configured to report to the control system.
Each chemical system shall have an eyewash/shower station in immediate proximity to

the pumps and chemical containment. Each eyewash/shower assembly shall be fitted
with a manufacturer recommended flow switch for status report to the plant control sys-
tem. The flow switch shall be designed to detect flow even with only the eyewash in op-
eration.
3.5.3.5 Site Security

In accordance with the draft BODR documents, all building and potable water hatch
access points will be directly monitored by the SCADA system. Magnetic proximity sen-
sor shall be installed on every external potable water hatch, every building external door
and every window along with (optional) window break detection sensors. Motion sen-
sors will be installed in seldom used facilities. All sensors shall be hardwired directly to
the site PLC which will be linked directly to the network video recorder (NVR) for sti-
mulus-triggered closed circuit television (CCTV) record (as applicable).
The site security lighting system will be considered for integration into the site control
system. Site lighting activation/deactivation will be tied to preset time-of-day setpoints.
Timers may be adjusted or overridden by an authorized operator via the HMI interface.
PLC and RTU panels shall be equipped with normally closed intrusion switches on each
panel door (wired in series) that are connected to the area PLC. A maintenance switch
within each panel shall serve to negate the intrusion condition.
The following section on digital CCTV systems is to be reviewed during the detail design
phase to support future security measures and remote monitoring from a central facility:
IP-based low light, color / B/W surveillance cameras will be proposed for installation at
select well and booster pump station sites. All cameras, unless specifically tasked other-
wise, shall be equipped with remote controls for point, tilt and zoom functionality. Mo-
tion sensors will be considered on indoor cameras where appropriate to the installation
(i.e. low personnel traffic areas). The medium for the security system communications
shall be 50 micron fiber optic cabling with vendor recommended transceivers.
Page 37 of 91
The site CCTV system will be supported by a NVR designed to provide the following
functions:
• Scheduled or stimulus-based recording of events
• Camera image multiplexing for customization of displays (where multiple cam-
eras are employed)
• Digital video web server (for share of camera monitoring and control via worksta-
tion web interface)
• System admin security monitor and gateway
The NVR shall be equipped with redundant power supplies and network connections and
shall house an integral Redundant Array of Independent Drives (RAID) 5 assembly capa-
ble of accommodating up to 2 weeks of stimulus-triggered recorded data. The CCTV /
Security system communication network (with independent subnet) shall be managed by
a layer 3 ethernet switch with LAN connection to the SCADA network router. The router
shall be used to manage security system traffic and SCADA network traffic with SCADA
traffic established as priority. CCTV images or historically recorded data may be re-
viewed via any networked computer (using a web-based thin-client interface) or directly
at the NVR.
Final NVR storage capacity to be determined following Owner security review meetings.
3.5.3.6 Raw Water Wells

In general, all wells, whether directly connected to the transmission system or configured
to batch feed a balance tank or reservoir, shall be identically configured at the well head.
A dual pressure switch/gauge assembly shall be installed prior to the isolation check with
direct interlock to the pump starter for high and low head condition shutdown (Note: dur-
ing well blow-off execution, the blow-off valve should be throttled to maintain some
back-pressure to prevent low discharge pressure trip.). The discharge line shall be fitted
with an inline magmeter and pressure gauge (Note: discharge pressure transmitter may be
required for transmission system wells under some operating scenarios.). Surge protec-
tion may also be required for wells directly connected to a transmission system (to be de-
termined based on hydraulic analysis).
Existing well pumps may be equipped with reduced voltage soft starters (RVSS) or vari-
able frequency drives (VFD). New wells will be equipped with redundant VFD units con-
figured in a cold standby arrangement. The standby VFD will not be powered and an in-
terlocked key switch located on the facility switchgear will allow only one VFD unit to
be activated at any time. A common control arrangement will allow the local PLC to in-
terface with the active VFD only. Remote activation of the standby VFD will not be sup-
ported. Sample service options are as follows:
Page 38 of 91
• Where existing wells are to be used to batch fill tanks or reservoirs, the applica-
tion may be served by an RVSS installation (depending on well production and
system hydraulics). The well will be automatically called to start or stop by the
area PLC based on operator preset balance tank level setpoints at the HMI.
• Where wells are used to feed directly into pressurized transmission systems, each
well will be assigned an operator adjustable pressure setpoint and flow range.
When called to run, the well RTU will ramp the VFD to meet the discharge pres-
sure setpoint as long as the well discharge flow remains at or below the maximum
discharge flow setpoint. Similarly, the RTU will reduce the VFD speed if the sys-
tem pressure rises above setpoint but only to a point of minimum discharge flow.
Upon initial start, the RTU will always force the well to achieve minimum dis-
charge flow even if the control pressure setpoint is exceeded. If a high-high pres-
sure condition is detected for longer than an operator preset time period, the well
will be automatically called to stop.
• VFD units may also be used for batching wells to support adjustment of the pro-
duction rate as the well characteristics change over time. Under this scenario,
when a well is called to run, the RTU will automatically ramp the VFD to meet
the operator preset flow setpoint.
Under each of the above scenarios, the discharge flow meter shall be monitored for high
flow (over production warning), low flow (warning) and low-low flow (shutdown follow-
ing time delay) conditions.
The well head shall include (2) well level transmitters:

• A primary unit that reports directly to the well RTU to facilitate level monitoring
and remote (RTU initiated) shutdown.
• A secondary unit with independent data logger and LALL output that interlocks
directly with the pump starter/VFD.
Two separate ports (with associated stilling well) shall be made available at the well head
to facilitate installation of the hydrostatic probes (Note: redundant data logger level in-
strument may be eliminated). A detected low-low level condition from either sensor shall
initiate well pump shutdown after preset time delay (programmed at the RTU for the pri-
mary unit and governed by mechanical timers for the secondary unit). The means to dis-
able the LALL shutdown shall be provided at the HMI (for the primary unit) and at the
well starter/VFD panel (for the secondary unit).
Page 39 of 91
3.5.3.7 Balance Tanks

Balance tanks shall serve to isolate well production from direct interface with transmis-
sion or distribution systems or serve as a hydraulic break between two systems. The bal-
ance tank shall be a concrete structure directly fed by the associated raw water well based
on demand (as reflected in the current tank level) or through direct connection to the
transmission system. In each case, fill will be governed by a flow limiting valve and me-
chanical float valve to prevent overfill. All balance tanks shall be equipped with manual
isolation valves on the intake and discharge lines.
Two VFD vertical turbine can-style pumps will serve to move water from the balance
tank into the transmission or distribution system. The pumps shall be sized to operate in
lead/standby fashion and shall be called to run based on system demand as may be re-
flected in system pressure for distribution systems or the control reservoir level in trans-
mission systems (where the reservoir serves to maintain transmission system hydraulic
stability – refer to Section 3.3). A pressure transmitter and optional magnetic flow meter
will be installed on the common discharge line with monitoring by the area PLC.
A typical balance tank shall be equipped with a non-contacting level transmitter plus
LALL and LAHH float switches (serving as backup override control points). Tank over-
flows shall be managed by a flap valve with routing to a site catchment area or local wa-
di. The level transmitter signal and both float signals shall be routed to the site PLC
which shall start the well pump based on operator preset level setpoints. The setpoint ar-
rangement shall be such as to ensure that the balance tank always maintains at least a
minimum discharge pump operating level. A detected LALL condition shall drive a
shutdown output from the area PLC directly interlocked to the balance tank discharge
pump drives (while generating an HMI alarm). A detected LAHH condition shall drive a
shutdown output from the area PLC directly interlocked with the well pump starter/VFD
(while generating an HMI alarm). As further protection for PLC-based level control op-
eration the fill line float valve will be positioned so as to remain open over the typical fill
control range. Should the balance tank level exceed the maximum fill level, the float pi-
lot shall be positioned to activate and drive the float valve to a closed position if the level
continues to rise. The float valve shall fully close before an overflow/flood condition is
created. Closure of the float valve will create a high pressure condition for the feeding
well pump which will shut down once the pressure exceeds the setting of the local dis-
charge pressure switch. If the balance tank is (also) fed from a transmission system, the
float control valve for the fill line will be positioned to operate over a normal fill range.
3.5.3.8 Reservoirs
There are three types of reservoir anticipated:
Page 40 of 91
1. Control Reservoirs – critical to the hydraulic stability of a transmission system

and hydraulically linked to same.
2. Dependent Reservoirs – fill connection to a transmission system (or transmission
system dependent pump/booster station) but automatically isolated if reservoir
level is satisfied
3. Independent Reservoirs – not connected to a transmission system; dedicated raw
water source used to satisfy demand.
Note 1: some reservoirs may have both dependent and independent fill sources. All
shall be used to charge a local distribution system.
Note 2: It is assumed that the elevation of a given reservoir has been determined to be
of optimum potential to properly charge the associated distribution system without
concern of over pressurization.
Reservoirs – typically an elevated or at-grade concrete structure – may be fed from a

combination of (2) sources: dedicated raw water well and/or transmission system pipeline
feed. Reservoirs shall be equipped with a non-contacting level transmitter with sensor
situated above an area representative of true depth. Backup LALL and LAHH float
switches shall also be provided. The level transmitter signal and both float signals shall
be routed to the reservoir RTU which shall be monitored from a remote location by
means of fiber optic cabling or cellular communication link. All reservoirs shall be
equipped with manual isolation valves on the fill and discharge lines as well as a manual
bypass line to allow direct connection between the distribution system and the reservoir
transmission fill line (where transmission fill is available).
Independent reservoir top-fill by dedicated well pump shall operate in level-controlled

batch fashion as described for balance tanks (inclusive of low-flow, overflow, high pres-
sure and low pressure protections as described for balance tanks). Water usage shall be
tracked by means of the well discharge magnetic flow meter.
Dependent reservoir top-fill shall be managed by a float valve (operating over the normal
fill range) which shall respond to changes in reservoir level by opening the valve as the
float lowers and closing the valve as the float rises. Transmission system fed reservoirs
shall include a billing grade magnetic flow meter on the inlet line.
Filling of reservoirs critical to the hydraulic stability of the transmission system shall be
direct filled from the transmission system with pipe connection to the bottom of the re-
servoir (thereby allowing the control reservoir to serve as a system pressure/demand
monitor). The control reservoir level shall be monitored by a remote transmission system
pumping station or inline booster pump station which shall work to maintain the control
reservoir level (and therefore the overall system pressure). The associated pumping sys-
Page 41 of 91
tem shall be called to run based on system demand as will be reflected in the control re-
servoir level. The pump controller speed output signal shall be inversely proportional to
the control reservoir level. Override pump station start and stop control will be driven by
the control reservoir LALL and LAHH float switches.
The means to manually isolate any reservoir type and directly feed the associated distri-
bution system from the transmission system will also be provided. A pressure reducing
valve will be provided to protect against any potential for over-pressurization of the dis-
tribution system. In addition, dependent reservoir fill lines shall include a hydraulic con-
trol valve to limit rate of reservoir fill and regulate upstream pressure. The control valve,
which may ultimately include a float pilot, will be a diaphragm type thereby allowing for
field adjustment.
As further protection for PLC-based level control operation, the inlet line will be
equipped with a motor operated valve which will be programmed to remain in the open
position over the typical fill control range. Should the reservoir level exceed the maxi-
mum fill level, the local RTU PLC will drive the valve closed and generate an alarm
(propagated to the control pump station). If there is no demand on the transmission sys-
tem, closure of the control reservoir inlet valve will create a high pressure condition for
the feed pump station(s) which will result in immediate shut down. Once the reservoir
level falls below the maximum fill level for greater than a preset time, the inlet valve will
be allowed to open.
Rate of flow from the control reservoir to the transmission system will also be monitored
by the control reservoir inlet magnetic flow meter. Should the rate exceed a preset value
for longer than a preset time, the inlet motor operated isolation valve will be driven
closed and a pipe-break alarm generated (propagated to the control pump station). Open
of the fill valve shall be by authorized operator only.
The means to manually isolate any reservoir type and directly feed the associated distri-
bution system from the transmission system will also be provided. A pressure reducing
valve will be provided to protect against any potential for over-pressurization of the dis-
tribution system. In addition, the pump speed will be controlled by discharge pressure.
3.5.3.9 Pump Stations and Inline Booster Pump Stations

Pump stations shall consist of multiple VFD vertical turbine pumps (with the exception
of existing pump station retrofits) configured to pull water from a local storage tank or
reservoir with discharge intended to feed a remote balance tank or transmission system
control reservoir. The pumping arrangement shall always include a standby pump and
the pump station PLC control logic shall be designed to continuously rotate pump start
positions in an effort to automatically balance runtimes. High discharge pressure and low
suction pressure switches shall be provided and directly interlocked with each pump VFD
Page 42 of 91
or RVSS (Note: low discharge flow shutdown will be considered if final hydraulic analy-
sis warrants usage.). Auto shutdown will be initiated if either condition is detected for
greater than a preset time delay.
The pump station PLC shall manage (4) primary process functions:
1. Management of the pump station balance tank/reservoir level (if tank fill is not
mechanically controlled). Note: not applicable to inline booster pump stations.
2. Management of the pump station pump operation
3. Management of the sodium hypochlorite storage/feed system
4. Management of the site duty/motive pumps
5. Monitoring of the site surge protection system.
Where the pump station tank/reservoir fill operation is not (solely) mechanically con-
trolled, the pump station PLC shall include logic to control the operation and sequencing
of source raw water wells. The HMI will be programmed to allow an authorized operator
to manipulate the tank/reservoir control level setpoints which determine when to start or
stop the wells. The means to enable/disable auto call of the wells shall also be provided -
necessary for storage facilities with other mechanically controlled fill options. Detection
of a tank/reservoir LAHH condition shall result in override shutdown (and auto start in-
hibit) of all source wells (Note: other well control and safety functions, once initiated to
start, shall be resident at the local well RTU as detailed in Section 3.5.3.61.
Auto operation of the pump station pumps shall be based upon one of two scenarios:
1. Level controlled with out-of-range pressure condition override
2. Pressure controlled with out-of-range level condition override
Scenario 1 shall apply to pump stations which serve to satisfy the demands of another
storage facility as reflected in the SCADA system monitored level signal. In this case, the
level signal shall be transmitted to the pump station PLC and utilized as the process con-
trol variable. However, should a transmission system high pressure condition (at the
pump station common discharge header) be detected for longer than an operator preset
period of time, the pump station will be shutdown (until pressure returns to an acceptable
preset range) and a SCADA alarm generated.
Scenario 2 shall apply to pump stations which serve to satisfy the demands of a closed
distribution system as reflected in the system pressure readings at the pump station dis-
charge. In this case, the pressure signal shall be transmitted to the pump station PLC and
utilized as the process control variable. However, should a pump station source
tank/reservoir LALL condition be detected for an operator preset period of time, the
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pump station will be shutdown (until the tank/reservoir level is restored to a minimum
operation level) and a SCADA alarm generated.
Under both scenarios, the pump station PLC shall also monitor discharge line-break con-
dition i.e. low pressure/high flow condition detected. Given the value of water to the re-
gion, the pump station shall be shutdown and a SCADA alarm generated (Note: based on
expected pipe length and/or magnitude of elevation changes, it may be necessary to com-
pare pressure readings at the discharge of the source point, the intake of the receiving
point and, only as dictated by the final installation profile, a pressure point in-between).
Application of pressure and flow monitoring for pipe break detection will need to be as-
sessed on a case-by-case basis.
Inline booster pump stations shall serve to directly increase line pressure without the use
of a source tank. Inline booster pump stations shall be subject to the above pump station
description and discharge operating scenario options with the only exception being that
the pumps will pull directly from a transmission main rather than a dedicated tank, reser-
voir or wet well (and therefore not subject to low-level shutdown conditions). As such,
pump operation shall be dependent upon a minimum pressurization of the suction trans-
mission line. Therefore, in addition to instrumentation required for a pump station, the
inline booster pump station shall also include a redundant pressure transmitter arrange-
ment on the pump station suction header to serve as both an operating permissive and
suction source monitor during normal remote/auto operation. Loss of pressure signal will
not inhibit local operation of the pump at the drive/starter; however, the pump low suc-
tion pressure switch will serve as a backup safety measure to lockout the pump if a low
suction pressure condition is detected.
A minimum operating suction source pressure setpoint and range shall be established at
the HMI by an authorized operator. In the event the suction source pressure falls into the
minimum operating range for longer than an operator preset time limit, the booster pump
station PLC shall (if enabled at the HMI) attempt to override start a transmission system
pump station to boost transmission system pressure. Unless there is a pump station fault
pending or the associated transmission control reservoir exhibits a high level condition,
the pump station shall respond to the override start. The inline booster pump station PLC
shall be pre-programmed with the priority of transmission system pump stations capable
of boosting system pressure and shall sequence any calls to override start accordingly. If
the suction source pressure falls below the minimum operating pressure setpoint for
greater than a preset time period, the pump station will be forced to shut down by the
pump station PLC (until the suction source pressure recovers). Other pump station shut-
downs shall be subject to the local pump station conditions and control logic as described
earlier in this section.
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3.5.3.10 Sodium Hypochlorite Storage and Feed System

The sodium hypochlorite storage and feed system shall consist of two 1,000-litre bulk
storage tanks and 2 variable speed diaphragm metering pumps and one recirculation
pump (per tank). Each bulk storage tank shall be fitted with non-contacting level instru-
mentation, backup override point level detection switches (for low-low and high-high
level condition detection) and manual isolation valves. The bulk tanks are to be primarily
filled directly by delivery trucks. However, a transfer pump has also been provided to
support transfer of sodium hypochlorite from a delivery tote. Transfer pump start shall be
a local-manual operation only; however, a duty select switch (located at the chemical
LCP) shall be used to indicate which bulk tank high level signal may be used to auto stop
chemical transfer. Recirculation pump operation shall be local-manual control only with
status monitored by the control system. The (2) variable speed metering pumps (equipped
with local manual stroke control only) shall be allocated to a single injection point just
prior to the static mixer on the tank/reservoir inlet line.
The sodium hypochlorite feed shall be flow-paced by the area PLC based on the meas-
ured process flow rate and an operator entered sodium hypochlorite dosing ratio. Al-
though free chlorine will be monitored by the SCADA system, chemical feed trim based
on measured free chlorine residual analysis shall not be made available. A magnetic flow
meter shall be installed on the injection line. Instantaneous flow and totalized flow will
be recorded by the site control system.
Local pump controls and emergency/safety functions shall be integrated into the chemical
system local control station (LCS) which shall be equipped with a remote I/O module of
same make and manufacturer as the site PLC. Low flow conditions after a call to run
shall generate a system alarm. High discharge pressure shutdowns shall be interlocked
directly to the starter control logic of the feed pumps. E-stop lockout of the entire chemi-
cal system shall be available at the LCS. All LCS functions, including pump controls,
flow monitoring, bulk tank select, tank levels, containment area, double-pipe containment
and eyewash station status shall be monitored by the site control system via the LCS RIO
module. A fill station panel with LAH horn, bulk tank level displays, LAH pilot light
and horn silence button shall be provided at the bulk tank truck fill. LCS panel controls
and displays shall be site PLC driven. Remote manual controls for the feed pumps shall
be provided at the HMI.
Tank/Reservoir NaOCl injection:

The (2) feed pumps shall serve this injection point in lead/standby fashion. NaOCl shall
be proportionally dosed with respect to the measured inlet flow based on an operator en-
tered ratio of NaOCl flow to blend-product flow. The control system shall automatically
Page 45 of 91
activate the NaOCl injection system once the inlet flow exceeds an operator entered flow
threshold setpoint.
Note: The chlorination feed system design approach may be greatly simplified using sto-
rage drums with top-mounted drum pumps set within a containment area. Water bath
management of fumes has been eliminated from the preliminary design (with roof vent-
ing employed instead).
A memo regarding the sodium hypochlorite feed system operation is included in Appen-
dix A.
3.5.3.11 Motive/Duty Pump System

Each pump station will be equipped with (2) constant speed motive duty pumps which
operate in lead/standby fashion to primarily charge the station potable water system (in-
cluding emergency eyewash station) and secondarily (given the continuous duty opera-
tion) recycle the tank/reservoir contents. A motive/duty pump shall run continuously un-
less a LALL condition is detected in the pump station tank/reservoir. The pump station
control system shall automatically rotate pumps to balance runtimes.
The potable water storage tank (located on the living quarters building roof), which will
be equipped with LAHH and LAL alarm float switches, shall serve to hydraulically
charge the site potable water plumbing and the chlorination area emergency eye-
wash/shower station in the event of duty pump failure. The potable water tank fill line
will be governed by a mechanical float valve.
The potable water system for inline booster pump stations, of similar piping and storage
arrangement as a typical pump station, will be directly pressurized from the suction side
transmission system and will therefore not require duty/motive pumps.
3.5.3.12 Surge Protection System

Each pump station and inline booster pump station will be supported by a vendor fur-
nished bladder-tank pressure surge protection system. The tank fill level will be moni-
tored by a differential pressure transmitter which maintains isolation integrity between
the air chamber and the water filled bladder. The transmitter shall be monitored by the
site control system with its readiness (as determined by the differential pressure cell read-
ing compared against the vendor recommended differential pressure) serving as a permis-
sive for pump station operation. Failure of the differential pressure instrument (less than
4mA reading) or registry of a differential pressure reading greater than a vendor defined
maximum shall generate a control system alarm.
Page 46 of 91
3.6 Architectural Design

This section will define the architectural design criteria that will be used for the Design
Program Management Services for the Water Supply Projects. The criteria defined in
this section apply to all projects unless noted otherwise in the project-specific BODRs.

• International Building Code 2006
• Life Safety Code (NFPA 101)
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
• American’s with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Based on the 2006 International Building Code, it has been determined that the Electrical
and Control Building will be Group F (Factory-Industrial). The Electrical Metering
Buildings will be Group F (Factory-Industrial). The Chlorination and Storage Building
will be Mixed Use of Group H (Hazardous) for the Chlorination Room, and Group S
(Storage) for the Storage Room. The Living Quarters Building will be Group R (Resi-
dential). Fire extinguishers will be provided as required per the building code.
Understanding the needs of persons with disabilities is essential for the success of any
new project; all buildings will comply as required with the provisions of the Americans
with Disabilities Act.

The purpose of the architectural design is to maximize efficiency and to minimize main-
tenance, special consideration will be given to the permanence of all structures, and to the
constructability and economy of construction at all stages of design. The architectural
objective is to provide a project that is aesthetically pleasing, functional, and economical.

3.6.3.1 General Components
The Design will include the following main components:
• Electrical and Control Building
• Electrical Metering Buildings: Small and Large
• Chlorination and Storage Building
• Living Quarters Building (including kitchen, bedroom, and restroom)
Page 47 of 91
3.6.3.2 Sustainability
USAID can incorporate many sustainable design features that will reduce negative im-
pacts on the environment. The major categories in which to focus the sustainability ef-
forts include: protect or restore habitat, stormwater design and management, minimum
energy performance, water efficiency, onsite renewable energy, and air quality. The sus-
tainability efforts are described below.
Protect or Restore Habitat

Native vegetation will be used for landscaped areas, and existing tress will be protected.
Stormwater Design and Management

The project will use on-site wastewater treated in septic tanks to infiltrate to drain fields.
Rainwater will be harvested and collected in cisterns to reuse for the landscape.
Minimum Energy Performance

The project will meet the minimum requirements of American Society of Heating, Refri-
gerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 90.1. To ensure high quality indoor
air, smoking will be prohibited within the building and within 7.5 meters of any doors,
operable windows, and air intakes. Individual controls for occupants to adjust thermal
comfort will be provided to reduce energy consumption, as needed. Heating, ventilating,
and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems will meet the requirements of ASHRAE 55 for ac-
ceptable human comfort levels. HVAC systems will include zero use of CFC based re-
frigerants.
Water Efficiency
No potable water will be used for irrigation. Efficient plumbing fixtures will be used to
maximize water efficiency.
Onsite Renewable Energy

Renewable energy will be in the form of solar panels placed on the roof.
Air Quality
During construction, the project could consider meeting the Control Measures of the
Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors national Association (SMACNA) Indoor
Air Quality (IAQ) guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction. Such meas-
ures include protection of onsite absorptive materials from moisture damage, high effi-
ciency filtration media, and building flush-out to ensure construction pollutants are elimi-
nated prior to occupancy.
Page 48 of 91
3.6.3.3 Exterior Walls

The exterior walls for the Electrical and Control Buldings, Electrical Metering Buildings,
Chlorination and Storage Building, and Living Quarters Building will consist of an exte-
rior cement plaster finish with an acrylic emulsion paint, cast-in-place concrete wall, air-
space, reinforced concrete masonry units (CMU) and a cement plaster interior finish.
3.6.3.4 Roofing
The roofing for the Electrical and Control Building, Electrical Metering Buildings, Chlo-
rination and Storage Building, and Living Quarters Building will consist of a low slope
roof with parapet walls. The roof will consist of a PVC roofing system.
3.6.3.5 Carpentry
Pressure treated wood blocking, roof nailers, plywood backing, and furring as shown on
the contract drawings will be provided.
Base and wall cabinets will be provided as indicated on the contract drawings. Typical
cabinet work will be plastic laminate finished construction meeting the standards of Arc-
hitectural Woodwork Institute (AWI) Custom Grade.
3.6.3.6 Moisture Protection

Caulking, sealing, flashing, and moisture protection will be provided for weather-tight
construction for all buildings.
A plastic vapor retarder will be placed over the backfill and under all concrete floor slabs
on grade.
3.6.3.7 Doors and Windows

Doors and frames for the Electrical and Control Building, Electrical Metering Buildings,
Chlorination and Storage Building, and Living Quarters Building will be factory-finished
galvanized hollow metal for the exterior and interior. All doors will have heavy-duty
stainless steel locksets, latch-sets, privacy sets, passage sets, and closers as required. The
function of such hardware will be appropriate for the door’s use. Stainless steel panic
hardware will be used at all egress points from the chlorination room and electrical
rooms.
Overhead service doors for the Chlorination and Storage Building will be chain operated,
insulated, steel doors with weatherstripping.
Exterior windows will be aluminum framed with tinted, insulated, impact-resistant glass
to provide maximum thermal performance. All windows shall be protected with galva-
nized steel security screens.
Page 49 of 91
3.6.3.8 Interior Finish

Interior walls will be CMU, reinforced and grouted, with cement plaster finish on both
sides except the restroom.
Electrical and Control Building, Electrical Metering Buildings, and Chlorination and Sto-
rage Building floors will be concrete slabs with a steel trowel finish and clear sealer.
Flooring for the Living Quarters Building will be terrazzo tile in the kitchen, bedroom,
and entrance hall.
Restroom will have non-slip, ceramic tile floors. The toilet wet walls will have full
height glazed thin-set ceramic wall tile. All other walls will have a 1.4 meters high ce-
ramic tile wainscot, and painted walls above.
Finished ceilings will be a gypsum board ceiling system with batt insulation. Exposed
structural ceilings will receive an epoxy coating.
3.6.3.9 Specialties
Fire protection will be provided per the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA),
appropriate authorities, agencies, and the building code.
The Electrical and Control Building, Electrical Metering Buildings, Chlorination and Sto-
rage Building, and Living Quarters Building will have flush walk-off mats at exterior en-
trance doors.
3.6.3.10 Area Requirements

Facilities shall be sized to meet the requirements of Tables 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.
Table 6 Electrical and Control Building

Electrical Room 53 square meters
Network/Server Room 11 square meters
Control Room 26 square meters
Table 7 Electrical Metering Building - Small

33KV Switchgear Room 13 square meters
Page 50 of 91
Table 8 Electrical Metering Building - Large

IEC Room 8 square meters
33KV Switchgear Room 13 square meters
Table 8 Chlorination and Storage Building

Chlorination Room 53 square meters
Storage Room 19 square meters
Table 9 Living Quarters

Vestibule 3 square meters
Kitchen 7 square meters
Bedroom 11 square meters
Bathroom 5 square meters
3.7 Structural Design

This section will define the structural design criteria that will be used for the Design Pro-
gram Management Services for the Water Supply Projects. The criteria defined in this
section apply to all projects unless noted otherwise in the project-specific BODRs.
3.7.1.1 Governing Codes and Standards

• 2006 IBC - 2006 International Building Code
• ASCE 7-05 - Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
3.7.1.2 Design References

• ACI 318-05 - Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete
• ACI 350-06 - Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete Struc-

tures
Page 51 of 91
• ACI 350.3-06- Seismic Design of Liquid Containing Concrete Structures
• ACI 530-05 - Building Code Requirements and Specifications for Masonry Struc-
tures.
• AISC 325-05 - AISC Steel Construction Manual, 13th ed. (includes AISC 360-05
– Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, and AISC 303-05 – Code of Stan-
dard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges)
• AISC 327-05 - AISC Seismic Design Manual (includes AISC 341-05 – Seismic
Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, and AISC 358-05 - Prequalified Con-
nections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames and Seismic Applica-
tions)
• ADM 1-00 - Aluminum Association – Aluminum Design Manual
• 1997 UBC - 1997 Uniform Building Code
• MWH - MWH Design Quality Procedures
• Moody/USBR - Moments and Reactions for Rectangular Plates – Engineering

Monograph No. 27, W.T. Moody – Reprinted 1986
• PCA - Portland Cement Association – Rectangular Concrete Tanks
• PCA - Portland Cement Association – Circular Concrete Tanks without Pre-

stressing

3.7.2.1 Design Methods and Assumptions – Hydraulic Structures
Hydraulic structures will be constructed using cast-in-place reinforced concrete.
Structures will be designed in accordance with sound engineering principles based on the
references and codes listed herein. Unless otherwise approved by the project’s Lead
Structural Engineer, the following criteria will apply.
• Concrete design will be in accordance with ACI 350-06. Strength Design proce-
dures will be used. Load and strength reduction factors will be in accordance
with Appendix C of ACI 350-06. All other provisions of Appendix C will apply.
Page 52 of 91
3.7.2.2 Design Methods and Assumptions – Non-Hydraulic Structures

Non-hydraulic structures will be constructed using cast-in-place reinforced concrete for
exterior walls and reinforced concrete block masonry for interior walls. Low slope con-
crete roofs will be provided.
Booster pump stations will be open-air facilities covered by a structural steel canopy.
Roof access hatches or a monorail system will be provided for pump removal.
Structures will be designed in accordance with sound engineering principles based on the
references and codes listed herein. Unless otherwise approved by the project’s Lead
Structural Engineer, the following criteria will apply.
• Concrete design will be in accordance with ACI 318-05. Strength Design proce-
dures will be used.
• CMU design will be in accordance with ACI 530-05.
• Structural steel design will be in accordance with AISC 360-05 and AISC 341-05.
• Aluminum design will be in accordance with ADM 1-00.
• 2006 IBC modifications will apply to all design codes.

3.7.3.1 Occupancy Category
Unless otherwise approved by the Lead Structural Engineer, all structures covered by this
section will be designed to meet the requirements for Occupancy Category IV – Essential
Facilities: Water storage facilities and pump structures required to maintain water pres-
sure for fire suppression.
3.7.3.2 Design Loads

3.7.3.2.1 Live Loads
• Top Decks - 2 kN/sq meter; 4.50 kN concentrated load
• Roofs - 1 kN/sq meter; 1.33 kN concentrated load
• Floors - 5 kN/sq meter; 4.50 kN concentrated load
• Stairs - 5 kN/sq meter; 1.33 kN concentrated load
• Landings - 5 kN/sq meter; 1.33 kN concentrated load
Page 53 of 91
• Traffic Areas - HS20 Wheel Loads
3.7.3.2.2 Hydraulic Loads

• For non-seismic load cases: hydrostatic forces associated with overflow condi-
tions.
• For seismic load cases: hydrostatic forces associated with normal operating condi-
tions plus hydrodynamic forces per ACI 350.3-06, as modified by ASCE 7-05.
3.7.3.2.3 Wind Loads

The wind load provisions of ASCE 7-05 are based on a basic wind speed associated with
a 3-second gust at 10 m above ground in Exposure Category C, and which has an annual
probability of occurrence of 2% (a 50 year mean recurrence interval). Although specific
data meeting this criteria was not obtainable for the exact project locations, wind data sa-
tisfying the above criteria was found for nearby areas in countries bordering the Mediter-
ranean Sea in the United States Department of Defense document Unified Facilities Cri-
teria (UFC) 3-310-01. The information obtained from UFC 3-310-01 listed the basic
wind speed for Alexandria, Egypt as 137 km/hr and the basic wind speed for Adana, Tur-
key as 113 km/hr. Since the project sites are located approximately half-way between
these cities, an average of the two winds speeds may be appropriate. However, to reduce
the risk of underestimating the wind speed, the higher value of the two cities will be used.
(It should be noted that MWH staff in the West Bank stated that a common wind speed
used for regional designs is 100 km/hr. However, since it could not be verified that this
wind speed is associated with the ASCE 7-05 design wind event, and since the 100 km/hr
wind speed would represent an extremely low wind speed by ASCE 7-05 standards, the
wind speed from UFC 3-310-01 will be used in design).
• 137 km/hr basic wind speed
• Exposure Category C
3.7.3.2.4 Snow Loads

Snow loads are negligible and will not be considered.
3.7.3.2.5 Seismic Loads

The seismic load provisions of the 2006 IBC and ASCE 7-05 are based on a seismic
event with a 2% chance of exceedance in 50 years (2%/50yr). Since data satisfying this
criterion is not available for the project sites, peak ground accelerations associated with a
seismic event with a 10% chance of exceedance in 50 years (10%/50yr) will be used to
determine the seismic design parameters. Considering that the projects are located in a
Page 54 of 91
region of moderate seismicity, the appropriate classification for all of the project sites is
Seismic Zone 3, as defined by the 1997 UBC.
To incorporate the 10%/50yr data into the ASCE 7-05 seismic provisions, the ASCE 7-05
seismic parameters, SDS and SD1, must be established in terms of the 1997 UBC seismic
parameters, Ca and Cv. This is accomplished by using the formulas SDS = 2.5 * Ca and
SD1= Cv. The table below provides this conversion for the different site soil profiles that
are likely to be encountered.
Table 9 Soil Parameters
1997 UBC Soil Profile UBC ASCE 7-05

Soil Profile Type / ASCE 7-05 Site Parameters Parameters
Class z Ca Cv SDS SD1
Rock SB / B 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.750 0.300
Very Dense Soil and Soft Rock SC / C 0.30 0.33 0.45 0.825 0.450
Stiff Soil Profile SD / D 0.30 0.36 0.54 0.900 0.540
Soft Soil Profile SE / E 0.30 0.36 0.84 0.900 0.840
Pending receipt of the geotechnical reports, the following ASCE 7-05 Site Classes will be
assumed for preliminary design purposes.
• Reservoirs located on hills - Site Class C
• All other structures - Site Class D
3.7.3.2.6 Flood Loads

Structures will be designed to resist loads and buoyant forces associated with 100 year
flood elevations. Sites affected by the 100 year flood elevation will be determined upon
receipt of geotechnical report.
3.7.3.2.7 Soil Loads

Buried structures (if present) will be designed to resist soil pressures in accordance with
the site geotechnical report and ASCE 7-05.
Dynamic lateral earth pressures associated with seismic events will be based on the rec-
ommendations included in the geotechnical report.
3.7.3.3 Safety Factors

• Buoyancy - 1.25
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• Overturning - 1.50, unless otherwise noted
• Sliding - 1.50, unless otherwise noted
For retaining walls, when seismic loads cases are being evaluated and dynamic earth
pressure is considered:
• Overturning - 1.25
• Sliding - 1.10
3.7.3.4 Materials
3.7.3.4.1 Concrete
• 35 MPa - All structural applications
• 21 MPa - Civil and sitework applications
• 14 MPa - Lean, unreinforced applications
3.7.3.4.2 Reinforcing Steel

• 420 MPa - ASTM A615M, unless otherwise noted.
• 420 MPa - ASTM A706M, where required for special seismic force resisting sys-
tems.
3.7.3.4.3 Structural Steel

• ASTM A992M - Wide Flange Shapes
• ASTM A500M - Grade B - Hollow Structural Shapes
• ASTM A53M - Grade B – Pipe
• ASTM A36M - Other standard shapes
• ASTM A36M - Plates, bars, and sheets
3.7.3.4.4 Stainless Steel

• Type 316 - Submerged or corrosive areas
• Type 304 - All other areas
Page 56 of 91
3.7.3.4.5 Aluminum
• 6061-T6 - All applications, except as noted.
• 6061 or 6063 - Handrails
3.7.3.4.6 Masonry
• ASTM C90M - Normal weight CMU, solid grouted or partially grouted for struc-
tural applications, hollow for architectural applications
• 10.5 MPa - 28-day compressive strength
3.7.3.4.7 Waterstops
• PVC Flat-strip or Center-bulb
3.7.3.4.8 Gaskets
• Neoprene
3.7.3.5 Rebar Detailing

Structural drawings that detail concrete reinforcement will indicate the size and spacing
of all reinforcement, along with bar dimensions to provide clarity. Bar cutting lists and
material quantity information will not be provided.
3.8 Mechanical Design

This section will define the mechanical design criteria that will be used for the Design
Program Management Services for the Water Supply Projects. The criteria defined in
this section apply to all projects unless noted otherwise in the project-specific BODRs.

As appropriate, additional mechanical standards related to the specific design of US made
equipment not listed in Section 1.4 may be applicable. These include the following:
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

• American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
• American Welding Society (AWS)
• American Water Works Association (AWWA)
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
• Federal Specifications (FS)
• National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
• Manufacturer's published recommendations and specifications
• General Industry Safety Orders (OSHA)
• Hydraulic Institute Standards (HI)
Page 57 of 91

The West Bank Water Supply Projects mechanical design involves various components.
Most mechanical design is related to the many pump stations and reservoirs that are part
of the Water Supply Projects. The design criteria for the mechanical design will be de-
fined next.

Mechanical design criteria for the associated pumps, piping, valves, chlorination facili-
ties, ancillary systems and auxiliary mechanical equipment are generally defined in this
section. Additional design criteria related the each of the Water Supply Projects can be
found in the project-specific BODRs.
3.8.3.1 Pumps, General

The following section describes the key mechanical design features for the various pump-
ing systems that are part of the Water Supply Projects.
The terminology and standards pertaining to the pumping unit performance and construc-
tion shall conform to the American National Standards Institute for Vertical Turbine
Pumps ANSI/HI 2.1-2.5, or approved equivalent equal.
3.8.3.2 Pump Stations

3.8.3.2.1 Well Pump Stations
The ground water supply in the region could be at depths ranging from 400 to 800 me-
ters. To provide pumping capability at these depths, the pumps must have a hydraulic
performance characteristic curve with a safe operating envelope compatible with the sys-
tem head curves. Typically these systems shall be design to maintain a constant flow rate
from the well that matches the local demand.
Each well pump station will include well pumps with variable frequency drives (1 duty
and 1 standby VFD), hypochlorite injection system including storage tanks, washout line
and magnetic flow meter. Addition project specific components may include an on-site
balance tank and a surge mitigation system (surge tank).
In most installations, the well pumps are located adjacent to a transmission pump station.
This transmission pump station will convey the chlorinated well water from the balance
tank to the transmission system. See the following section for transmission pump station
mechanical design requirements.
Well pumps shall be sized to convey the expected well production rate at the dynamic
water surface elevations. Furthermore, the pumps shall be designed for an additional 10
Page 58 of 91
percent increase in pressure in anticipation lower aquifer water levels in the future. VFDs
will be used to adjust pump performance based on changing water surface elevations in
the reservoir.
3.8.3.2.1.1 Pump Station Configuration

The PWA currently has two types of well pumps in service. Both types are variations of
a vertical turbine centrifugal pump. The two types are deep well submersible pumps and
deep well lineshaft pumps.
A technical memorandum submitted under a separate cover discusses the advantages and
disadvantages of each configuration type. Also considered is the mean time between
failures (MTBF) for both types of pumps based on PWA experience.
Beyond the specific pump features, in addition to the above criteria, the depth of the well
greatly also influences the pumping configuration. Lineshaft pumps are suspended from
a surface mounting plate. As a result, the material properties of the line shaft limit the
overall depth possible. For deep applications, deep well submersible pumps may be the
only option. Based on discussions with domestic municipal vertical turbine pump manu-
facturer’s (Weir Floway, Flowserve and Fairbanks Morse Pumps), the recommended
practice is to provide submersible pumps for installations beyond 200 m depths. Al-
though this is a recommended practice, lineshaft pumps may be possible on a specific
project by project basis. See the project specific BODR for more information regarding
the pump types.
As discussed in the memorandum, MWH recommends the use of vertical turbine line
shaft pump wherever possible for deep well applications. In the event that the well depth
exceeds the physical limitations of a vertical turbine line shaft pump, submersible deep
well pumps shall be used.
Due to the necessity to minimize the diameter of the pump (based on well casing con-
straints), and the depth and pressures involved with the well pumps, providing units that
operate at 1500 RPM may not be possible. Although preference will be given to installa-
tions using 1500 RPM, most deep well submersible pumps will be operated at 3000
RPM. See the specific project level BODR for specific pump design information.
Regardless of the pump type selected, all well pumps shall be designed for an outdoor
installation on a concrete slab.
3.8.3.2.1.2 Well Casing

Wells shall be constructed with production casing of 0.375-inch thick steel (ASTM A 53
grade B) and will have an open hole completion in a carbonate aquifer named the Lower
Page 59 of 91
Cenomanian. The geology of each project area will be described in more detail in the
project-specific BODRs. Anticipated well yields will range from 40 to 100 meters cubic
meters per hour (m3/hr). Therefore, an average design flow for the wells is estimated to
be 100 m3/hr.
The minimum size requirement for wells producing 40 to 100 m3/hr shall be an inner cas-
ing diameter of 12-inches. This casing size will allow a maximum discharge rate of
1,592 m3/hr based on an up-hole velocity of 1.5 meters per second (m/sec). By maintain-
ing an uphole velocity of 1.5 m/sec or less, head losses in the well are minimized. The
12-inch inner diameter casing will allow for installation of a submersible pump and mo-
tor with an outer diameter of up to 8-inches.
The design of the wells shall provide multiple layers of protection from sanitary hazards.
The cased and open-hole portions of the wells shall be drilled using the cable tool me-
thod. The drift from vertical during drilling operations shall not be more than 0.5 of one
degree between any two consecutive surveys, and not more than one degree over the en-
tire well length. The wells shall be constructed with a minimum of 26-inch diameter sur-
face casing. Surface casing material shall be approximately 0.375-inch thick mild steel
(ASTM A 53 grade B) and shall be set and cemented into the first regionally extensive
confining beds. The well’s final casing shall consist of a minimum of 12-inch inner di-
ameter (ID) steel pipe. The wall thickness of the final casing shall be 0.375-inches.
The well shall have a minimum open-hole type completion with a 12-inch diameter bore-
hole extending from approximately 450 to 800 meters bls.
3.8.3.2.1.3 Hydraulics
The required pump hydraulics shall be determined from the hydraulic model and the ex-
pected productions rates of the specific wells for each system. At a minimum, the pro-
vided pumps shall meet the requirements of the Hydraulic Institute, or equivalent stan-
dard, with regards to operating range and performance characteristics. The performance
curves shall be a continuously rising curve to avoid any “dip regions”. Furthermore, the
electric motors shall be sized to provide the required shaft power at any point on the per-
formance curve.
These pumps often run more or less continually. The pumps are equipped with a device
to prevent the pumps from running dry and to control the water level. The capacity of the
pumps is adapted to the inflow into the well. Also the pumps should be equipped with
check valves to prevent back flow and drainage of the pipeline. Specific design criteria
for well pumps are as follows:
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• Well Pump first stage impeller submergence = The larger of 20 m or NPSH +

10% reduction in aquifer water surface elevation
• Maximum friction headloss for well casing = 0.5m/30m
• A check valve shall be installed immediately downstream of the bowl assembly

for submersible pumps.
• Air release and vacuum valves appropriately sized for each installation shall be
installed at the well head for all pumps.
The pumps shall be controlled based on the water surface elevation in the balance tank.
The pumps will also be provided with variable frequency drives. The intent of the VFD
is to adjust pump performance based on the production rates of the wells over time.
The balance tanks shall be sized for 8 hrs of storage at the well production rate in addi-
tion to a fire water supply volume. The balance tanks shall range in size from 500 m3 to
1500 m3 in 500 m3 increments. See the project level BODR of specific sizing require-
ments..
3.8.3.2.2 Transmission Pump Stations

To maintain system pressure in the transmission system, pump stations are included
throughout the design. Specific hydraulic requirements of the pump stations, shall be de-
termined by the hydraulic model analysis.
Pump stations convey flow from a balance tank into the transmission system. The intent
of using a balance tank is to create a hydraulic break between the transmission system
and any upstream influences.
The hydraulic characteristics of the pump must be selected to align with the design phi-
losophy of the system. Based on the hydraulic model, a system head curve will be
created for the pumps. The pumps hydraulic performance characteristic curve shall in-
clude a safe operating envelope compatible with these system head curves. Typically
pumps are required to convey flow from the minimum operation capacity to the maxi-
mum operating capacity.
The minimum number of duty pumps installed in each pump station must deliver the sys-
tem minimum and maximum flow requirements. The design and run-out points in the
pump curve should be within the stable and preferred operating range of the pump. In
both cases, one stand-by pump will be installed in parallel with the duty pumps to provide
an acceptable level of redundancy. The preliminary selection of the number of the pumps
will be based on the availability of manufacturers’ standard products in the required ca-
Page 61 of 91
pacity and head range. All pumps will be equipped with VFDs in order provide complete
coverage over the required range of flows. All VFDs will be provided with a bypass fea-
ture to allow pumps to be operated in constant speed mode in the event of VFD failure.
Each pump (including the standby pump) will be provided with a discharge isolation
valve to allow operators to manually isolate the pump from the system downstream of the
pump’s check valve without impacting the overall station operation.
For new installations, the transmission booster pump station shall utilize a vertical turbine
pump arrangement. Vertical turbines offer the low flow high head pump characteristics
required by the transmissions systems in the West Bank. The vertical turbines will be in-
stalled in a can with the suction piping being located below ground.
For existing installations, depending on the required installations, pumps identical to the
existing may be installed. See the specific project level BODR for replacement pump in-
formation.
3.8.3.2.3 In-Line Booster Pumping Stations Criteria

Based on the hydraulic analysis, some systems require a broad range of system pressure.
In lieu of designing the entire system to the high pressure utilized, it may be economical
to install an inline booster station. An in-line booster station is used to increase the sys-
tem pressure without the use of a balance tank. The incoming flow from the transmission
system is increased in pressure to create a high pressure zone. This prevents the need to
increase the pressure rating of the entire system. See the project specific BODRs for more
information regarding the use of in-line booster stations.
Similar to the transmission systems, each booster pump station will include a booster
pump, suction and discharge piping and valves and surge control system.
To provide a degree of reliability, each booster station will be provided with a minimum
of two duty pumps and one spare pump.
Booster Pump Stations shall include two styles of pumps based on the system pressure
requirements identified through the hydraulic model. For low pressure systems, horizon-
tal split case pumps shall be used. For high pressure systems, vertical turbine pumps
shall be used.
The control of the booster pumps shall be based on the differential pressure across the
pumps. The upstream system pressure in addition to the pump differential pressure shall
maintain a specific water level at the downstream reservoir. As a result, the pumps must
be controlled using a variable frequency drive. The pump speed will be adjusted, based
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on the discharge pressure. See the specific project BODRs for individual pump sizing re-
quirements.
3.8.3.3 Piping
The criteria defined in this section apply only to pump station piping. Transmission and
distribution mains design criteria is defined in Sections 3.3 and 3.4.
Where pressure allows, all onsite piping at the pump stations shall be flanged ductile iron
above ground. Flow velocities in the piping shall be limited to approximately 2 m/sec for
maximum flow on the suction side of the pump, and 3 m/sec for maximum flow on the
discharge side of the pump. Specific flow velocities at the suction of the pumps shall be
based on hydraulic institute intake design requirements. For vertical turbine can pumps,
typical velocities at the pump suction flange are 1 m/sec.
The well pump discharge piping will also include a washout pipe. During initial start up,
it is typical to waste a small percentage of the initial flow due to the accumulation of sus-
pended solids in the well water. Over time, a control valve will be opened to convey the
washout flow into the system.
The discharge piping of the well pump will also include a flow meter to measure the well
production rate. For more information on the flow meter, see the Instrumentation and
Controls section.
Each reservoir will be provided with an inlet, outlet, overflow, drain, and vent piping.
The inlet, outlet, and drain piping shall be provided with isolation valves. Screen mesh at
the vent piping shall be provided to protect the storage water from insects or other harm-
ful elements.
Due to the possibility of transients created in the system, the pump discharge piping shall
be fitted with a pressure relief valve that relieves pressure to the suction side of the pump
or to atmosphere. The pressure relieve valves shall be sized to compliment any surge mi-
tigation system that will be located on the site. See the specific project level BODR for
more information.
3.8.3.4 Valves
Each pump station shall be provided with appropriate valves to aid in operation of the
system. The valves are classified into various categories according to their function with-
in the system. The main types of valves are:
• Isolation Valves - AWWA resilient seated gate valve or butterfly valves. Gate
valves will be used up to 250 mm (10-inch). Butterfly valves will be used for 300
Page 63 of 91
mm (12-inch) and above. Note, valve selection is also dependent on system pres-
sures. For high system pressures (greater than 250 psi), gate valves will be used.
Where pressures are greater than 250 psi and the pipe is 300 mm (12-inch) or
larger, an ANSI Class 300 butterfly valve may be more economical than a gate
valve.
• Check Valves – Swing check valves with appropriate damper mechanisms will be
used at wells, booster pumps and reservoirs and will provide backflow prevention.
• Reservoir Valves – A combination of valves will be used at reservoirs depending
on how the reservoir is operated. These valves include:
o Rate of Flow Control Valves – Automatically controls/limits the flow rate
into the reservoirs regardless of line pressure
o Pressure Sustaining Valves – Maintains line pressure upstream of the re-
servoirs.
o Modulating Float Valves – Controls reservoir level by modulating in pro-
portion with the demand and shuts off at high water level..
o Combination Rate of Flow Control and Solenoid Shut-off Valves – This
valve limits the flow rate into reservoirs regardless of line pressure. To
limit the flow through the valve, a solenoid valve located in the pilot line
to the diaphragm can be energized to close the valve when the set point
flow is reached.
The use of these valves is defined on the various process flow diagrams for each
project found in the project BODRs.
• Air Release Valves – Combination air release / air vacuum valve on the discharge
header downstream of the pump. The valve shall be sized to prevent slam though
use of a throttling device.
• Control Valve (Waste Out Valve) – A control valve typically used at startup to
divert the initial flow from the well to a waste area or back into the well. For in-
stallations with balance tanks, gate valves will be utilized. For systems that pump
directly to reservoirs, globe valves are anticipated to be required.
3.8.3.5 Sodium Hypochlorite Feed System

The produced well water will be chlorinated before entering the balance tank. A pack-
aged hypochlorite, liquid chlorination system, will be used. This system shall include a
chlorine residual analyzer, on-site sodium hypochlorite storage tank, and chemical injec-
tions pumps.
Two pumps will be provided for each feed point, one duty and one standby. Two bulk
storage tanks will be provided for redundancy in the case of tank failure. To standardize
the design for each site, two 230 gallon (minimum) HDPE bulk storage tanks will be pro-
vided at each site. The bulk storage tanks will be vertical, linear- or cross-linked, high
Page 64 of 91
density polyethylene tanks (as manufactured by Snyder Industries, Inc., Poly Processing
Company, or equal). Bulk storage tank connections should be provided as follows: (1)
vent (piped to the exterior of the building through the building wall with a screened,
turned-down vent), (2) overflow pipe to the containment area sized based on the tank fill
rate, (3) metering pump suction, (4) drain to the containment area, (5) recirculation pump
suction, and (6) recirculation pump discharge.
Plastic body positive displacement pumps shall be used for metering the sodium hypoch-
lorite solution. Sodium hypochlorite feed (metering) pumps capacity sizing is based on
providing sufficient pumping capacity for the maximum groundwater flow and maximum
sodium hypochlorite dose. Schedule 80 PVC (ASTM D1785) and CPVC piping (ASTM
F441) shall be used for sodium hypochlorite piping. Double containment piping with
leak detection system shall be provided where buried pipe is required. CPVC and PVC
piping will be socket welded or flanged and HDPE piping will be butt welded or flanged.
Threaded fittings can leak, particularly when used with basic (high pH) chemicals, and
should not be utilized.
A containment area will be provided for the bulk storage tanks and feed pumps to collect
spills and contain any leakage. Surfaces within the containment area will be provided
with a protective coating.
A check valve and isolation valve will be provided at each sodium hypochlorite injection
point to prevent groundwater from entering the sodium hypochlorite feed piping. Sodium
hypochlorite injection locations will be provided with a Hastalloy C diffuser.
Valves for sodium hypochlorite service will be vented CPVC ball valves, CPVC diaph-
ragm valves (at the bulk storage tank drain and metering pump suction), and CPVC check
valves. Because sodium hypochlorite off-gasses, vented ball valves are provided to allow
the gas to escape and prevent air binding of the pumps.
A memo with further detail of the sodium hypochlorite system is included Appendix A.
3.8.3.6 Ancillary Systems

3.8.3.6.1 Reservoir Level Indicators
The reservoirs shall include an external level indicator, indicating the minimum, maxi-
mum and current water surface elevation. The level indicator will be connected to a float
within the reservoir, and will be allowed to move freely up and down. The level indicator
for elevated tanks shall be visible from the ground.
Page 65 of 91
3.8.3.6.2 Pump Lubrication

For deep well vertical turbine installations, the lineshaft bearings must be lubricated with
a food grade oil prior to start up. The external oil source will be connected to the pump
through a solenoid valve that opens prior to pump startup and close upon pump shut-
down. The solenoid valve shall be provided with a position indicator for confirmation
that the lubrication system is operating appropriately prior to pump startup. An enclosing
tube surrounds the shaft and bearings providing a path for the oil lubrication. For any
well exceeding 150-200 meters in pump setting, use oil lubrication with an automatic oi-
ler (i.e., Drip Master from the White Water Company).
For submersible deep well pumps, and vertical turbine can installations at the transmis-
sion pump stations, the pump bearings will be lubricated by the raw water.
3.8.3.6.3 Hydraulic Transient Mitigation System

A hydraulic surge analysis will be performed on the various systems in the water supply
projects. Due to the characteristics of each system, a surge mitigation system may be re-
quired at the pump stations. The surge mitigation strategy may involve special valves
(surge anticipators or pressure relief valves) or a hydropneumatic bladder accumulator.
See the specific project level BODRs for specific surge mitigation requirements.
3.8.3.6.4 Vendor Package Equipment

Packaged vendor equipment includes surge control tanks for the well heads and booster
pump stations. The acceptable manufacturers are as follows: Pulsco, Santa Ana, CA,
Charlatte USA or approved equal.
3.8.3.7 Auxiliary Mechanical Equipment

3.8.3.7.1 Vehicles and Maintenance Equipment
Operations personnel will be provided with pickup trucks for routine inspection of the
Conveyance system facilities. A service truck will also be provided, equipped with the
necessary tools and equipment for routine maintenance of the mechanical equipment at
the well sites such as valves, meters, and pumps. Provision of a portable emergency ge-
nerator is also anticipated for connection to the well control panel in case of emergency.
All of this equipment is to be furnished under separate procurement packages.
3.8.3.7.2 Fire Protection Systems

Buildings at the well sites and booster stations will be provided with appropriate fire pro-
tection systems. Service trucks and utility vehicles will have portable fire extinguishers.
Page 66 of 91
3.9 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Design

This section will define the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) design cri-
teria that will be used for the Design Program Management Services for the Water
Supply Projects. The criteria defined in this section apply to all projects unless noted
otherwise in the project-specific BODRs.

• Latest applicable version of Local or International Building Code
• Latest applicable version of Local or National Electrical Code
• Latest applicable version of Local or International Mechanical Code
• Latest applicable version of Local or International Plumbing Code
• Latest applicable version of ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook
• Latest applicable version of ASHRAE Std. 62.1-Ventilation for Accepta-
ble Indoor Air Quality
• Latest applicable version of SMACNA Duct Construction Standards, Met-
al and Flexible
• Latest applicable version of OSHA - Organization Safety and Health Ad-
ministration

The purpose of the HVAC design is to provide proper heating and ventilating to all facili-
ties covered in the Water Supply Projects scope of work.

3.9.3.1 General Facility Criteria
Environmental Outside Design Conditions:
• Summer: 36 degrees C (Dry-Bulb), 19.0 degrees C (Wet-Bulb)
• Winter: 1 degrees C
• Elevation: 750 meters above sea level
Air-Conditioned Areas:
• Summer: 24 degrees C (Dry-Bulb), 55% Relative Humidity
• Winter: 21 degrees C
Heated and Ventilated Areas:

• Summer: maximum 40 degrees C (Dry-Bulb)
• Winter: minimum 16 degrees C (Dry-Bulb)
Page 67 of 91
3.9.3.2 Air Conditioning and Heating Systems

Air Cooled Direct Expansion Heat Pumps with Electric Heat housed inside the Air Han-
dling Units will be used. The condensing units will be installed on the roof or near an
exterior wall of the building.
3.9.3.3 Energy Efficiency

All HVAC equipment will be specified to perform at or above code required minimum
efficiency levels, and according to the latest rules and regulations of the US Department
of Energy.
3.9.3.4 Humidity Control

The Air Conditioning systems will be designed to achieve 50 percent maximum relative
humidity at peak design conditions.
3.9.3.5 Heating Systems in Process areas

Electric Unit Heaters will be installed in all process areas.
3.9.3.6 Ventilation Systems

Wall or roof centrifugal exhaust fans with wall mounted louvers for intake air. In order
to conserve power and match ventilation with heat load, 2-speed fans will be used or mul-
ti-fans will be used and cycled on and off.
3.9.3.7 Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning in Classified Areas

HVAC equipment in classified areas, such as explosive environments will be selected in
accordance with NFPA, Building Code, National Electric Code and/or any other local
code requirements, to prevent an explosion.
3.9.3.8 Ductwork Systems

Galvanized ductwork may be used for common office type layouts. Ductwork design and
installation shall follow the latest SMACMA standards.
In very corrosive areas PVC or FRP Ductwork will be used.
3.9.3.9 Insulation
Ductwork conveying mechanically cooled supply air will generally be insulated in accor-
dance with applicable Energy Efficiency Code requirements.
Page 68 of 91
3.9.3.10 Louvers
Heavy gauge aluminum louvers with drainable blades and bird screens will be used
throughout the plant. The louvers shall be sized so that the free area velocity is between 2
m/s and 5 m/s.
Published louver performance data bearing the ACMA Certified Ratings Seal for Air Per-
formance & Water Penetration must be submitted for approval prior to fabrication.
3.9.3.11 Noise Control

Anticipated noise levels are presented in Table 10 below. Appropriate measure will be
taken to control noise levels.
3.9.3.12 Redundancy
In this project, most building spaces do not contain equipment or processes that would be
measurably harmed upon temporary loss of heating, ventilation or air conditioning.
Therefore, except as detailed below, no HVAC system redundancy is planned.
3.9.3.13 Seismic and Wind Loading

Wind load: HVAC equipment located outside buildings shall be designed and installed
to withstand 210 km/h winds.
3.9.3.14 Seismic Loads

Equipment and equipment anchorage shall be designed to meet the seismic load require-
ments of ASCE 7-05, Chapter 13.
3.9.3.15 Corrosion Protection

Outdoor heat rejection equipment coils will be dip coated with a corrosion and moisture
resistant film to prevent damage by airborne corrosive particles and fumes that may be
present in the plant environment.
HVAC equipment, ductwork and air distribution devices serving corrosive areas will be
provided with protective coatings and/or constructed from corrosion resistant materials.
3.9.3.16 Control Systems

Process area HVAC control systems will generally be stand-alone electric or micropro-
cessor-based electronic-type as required.
Ventilation of critical spaces such as sodium hypochlorite storage rooms will be provided
with HVAC Control Panels (HCP) complete with operator manual control capability and
system indicator lights, to clearly indicate ventilation system failure.
Page 69 of 91
Office area HVAC control systems will be stand-alone electric or microprocessor based
electronic type as required.
Control systems shall include local control panels for equipment, either provided with
packaged equipment or free standing to serve one or more equipment items.
3.9.3.17 Air Filters

Air filters will be provided on all supply air handling systems that contain components
that require dust protection or serve spaces that may be adversely affected by significant
dust ingress.
Air handling unit fans will be selected to account for the full range of filter drops between
clean and dirty.
Fans serving positive-pressure spaces will be selected with the filter at its final resistance.
Fans serving negative-pressure spaces will be selected with the filter at its initial resis-
tance.
3.9.3.18 Balancing and Testing

After the installation work is complete, the Contractor will be required to measure and
balance the air flow from each air outlet, and to make all the necessary adjustments to
volume dampers, and HVAC equipment. The Contractor will be required to provide a
copy of all reports pertaining to this project, directly to the Engineer, for his review and
approval.
3.9.3.19 Specific Design Criteria

Living Quarters
Indoor Design Criteria: Indoor design criteria are presented in Table 10
Heated Areas Kitchen, Bedroom, Entrance Hall
Heating Method Variable Speed Ductless Heat Pump
Air Conditioned areas Kitchen, Bedroom, Entrance Hall
Air Conditioning Variable Speed Ductless Heat Pump

Method
Ventilated areas: Bathroom and Kitchen
Ventilation Method: Bathroom:
• Exhaust fan
Kitchen:
• Kitchen Hood
Page 70 of 91
Ventilation Rate: Fresh air ventilation rates are presented in Table 2

Environment: Non-corrosive
Ductwork: NR
Smoke Detection: NR
Operations and Maintenance Facility

Heated Areas • Vehicle Storage room,

• Electrical Room,
• Network Server,
• Restrooms, Showers and Locker Rooms,
• Break Room,
• Open Office ,
• Office Supply Room,
• Instrumentation Shop,
• Operations Control Room,
• Conference Room
Heating Method Vehicle Storage room and Parts Storage Room:
• Electric unit Heaters
Electrical Room, Network Server, Restrooms, Showers
and Locker Rooms, Break Room, Open Office , Office
Supply Room, Instrumentation Shop, Operations Con-
trol Room, Conference Room:
• Variable Speed Ductless Heat Pump
Air Conditioned areas • Vehicle Storage room,
• Electrical Room,
• Network Server,
• Restrooms, Showers and Locker Rooms,
• Break Room,
• Open Office ,
• Office Supply Room,
• Instrumentation Shop,
• Operations Control Room,
• Conference Room

Method
Ventilated areas: Vehicle Storage room, Parts Storage Room, Janitor’s
Closet, Restrooms, Showers and Locker Rooms
Ventilation Method: Vehicle Storage room, Parts Storage Room, Janitor’s
Closet
• Exhaust fans and louvers
Restrooms, Showers and Locker Rooms:
• Exhaust fan
Page 71 of 91
Ventilation Rate: Fresh air ventilation rates will be appropriate for the
ventilated area
Environment: Non-corrosive
Ductwork: Galvanized with fiberglass blanket insulation for out-
side air ductwork
Smoke Detection: NR
Electrical Rooms
Method
Environment: Non Corrosive
Ductwork: NR
Smoke Detection: NR
Control Rooms
Method
Environment: Non Corrosive
Ductwork: NR
Smoke Detection: NR
Pump Station
Heating Method Electric unit heaters
Air Conditioned areas NR
Ventilation Method: Exhaust fans and Louvers
Ventilation Rate: Fresh air ventilation rates will be appropriate to the
ventilated area
Environment: No Corrosive
Ductwork: Galvanized
Smoke Detection: NR
Chlorination Rooms
Heating Method Corrosion Resistance, Wash down Electric Unit Heaters
Air Conditioned areas NA
Ventilation Method: FRP or Plastic roof Up-Blast Exhaust Fans
FRP or Plastic roof Supply Fans
Page 72 of 91
Ventilation Rate: Fresh air ventilation rates will be appropriate to the

ventilated area
Environment: Corrosive
Ductwork: PVC or FRP
Smoke Detection: NR
Special considerations 1. Outside the sodium hypochlorite storage rooms and adja-
cent to the access doors or in another approved location, a
manual ventilation system shutoff switch will be provided.
The switch shall be of the break-glass type and shall be la-
beled: VENTILATION SYSTEM EMERGENCY SHUTOFF
2. The exhaust ventilation system shall be designed to consider
the density of the potential fumes or vapors released. For
fumes or vapors that are heavier than air, exhaust shall be
taken from a point within 300 mm of the floor
3. Corrosion resistant supply and exhaust air fans will gen-
erate negative pressure inside the sodium hypochlorite
storage building, and at the same time provide 12 air
changes per hour. Because chlorine vapor is heavier than
air, air intakes for the building ventilation system shall
be located 6 inches above the floor.
4. A minimum of one meter (three feet) of clearance will
be provided around the equipment (tanks and pumps) for
operation and maintenance access. Clearance will be
provided at the top of the bulk storage tanks for removal
of level probes, access to manways, etc.
3.9.3.20 Indoor Design Criteria

Table 10
Temperature (Degrees C) Noise
Relative Humidity
Area Designation (Maximum)
(Percent)
Summer Winter (NC)
Cafeterias 24 21 55 Maximum 45
Control Rms 24 20 55 Maximum 35
Electrical Room 27 15 55 Maximum 40
Equipment Rooms 40 15 N/A 50
Kitchens 24 21 60 Maximum 45
Chlorination Rooms 24 21 55 Maximum 35
Lunch Rooms 24 21 55 Maximum 45
Mechanical Rooms 40 15 N/A 50
Pump Station Dry Wells 40 15 N/A 45
Pump Station Wet Wells 40 15 N/A 45
Storage And Maintenance
40 15 N/A 40
Areas
Toilet and Locker Rooms 24 21 N/A 45
Page 73 of 91
3.9.3.21 Acceptable Manufacturers

Table 11
Equipment Manufacturer
AC Equipment Mitsubishi, Toshiba, Carrier, Trane
Fans Greenheck, Penn, NY Blower, Cook
Louvers Ruskin, Greenheck, Industrial Louvers, Inc.
Heaters Choromalox, Reznor, Markel
Variable Air Volume Systems (VAV) Titus, Price, Trane
Variable Air and Temperature Systems (VVT) York, Trane
Grilles, Registers, Diffusers E.H. Price, Titus
3.10 Plumbing Design

This Section addresses the design requirements for building plumbing.
3.10.1 Codes, Standards and Regulations

Building plumbing and fire protection systems design will conform to the requirements of
the following codes and standards and any supplementary requirements of the authorities
having jurisdiction:
• Latest applicable version of Local or International Plumbing Code
• Latest applicable version of Local or International Fire Code
• Latest applicable version of (NFPA)

Water pressure from potable water system to buildings should be a minimum of 3 bar.
Separate metered and reduced pressure zone backflow protected water services will be
required for potable building water and fire protection.
Light duty hose valves for building interior and exterior washdown will be 20 mm globe
valves with hose thread adapters.
Medium duty hose valves for interior and exterior washdown will be 25 mm globe valves
with hose thread adapters.
Hose valves subject to freezing will be non-freeze type.
A minimum of 2 hose valves per wall will be provided in process areas.
Page 74 of 91
Floor drains and hub drains that have infrequent use will have primed P-traps. The water
source for trap priming will be protected by a reduced pressure zone backflow preventer.

3.10.3.1 Building Plumbing Systems
3.10.3.1.1 Potable Water (PW)
• Pipe 80 mm and smaller, above floor: UPVC or HDPE
• Pipe 80 mm and smaller, below floor: UPVC or HDPE
• Pipe 100 mm and larger: cement-lined ductile iron pipe
3.10.3.1.2 Non-Potable Water (UW)

• Downstream from reduced pressure zone backflow preventer
• Pipe 80 mm and smaller, above floor: UPVC or HDPE
• Pipe 80 mm and smaller, below floor: UPVC or HDPE
3.10.3.1.3 Potable Hot Water (HW)

• Above floor: UPVC or HDPE
3.10.3.1.4 Sanitary Drain (SD)

• Above floor: HDPE or UPVC.
• Below floor: HDPE or UPVC.Sanitary Vent (SV)
• Below floor: HDPE or UPVC.
3.10.3.1.5 Emergency Roof Overflow Drain (ORD)

• Below floor: HDPE or UPVC.
3.10.3.1.6 Building Plumbing Fixtures and Equipment

Water closets, urinals, lavatories and service sinks will be American Standard or Kohler.
Water closets will be floor-mounted flush-valve-type, and urinals will be wall-hung

flush-valve type.
Page 75 of 91
Water coolers will be double wall-hung units in the Administration Building, and single
wall-hung units or an approved source of potable water in all other areas; both types of
water coolers will be provided with glass fillers.
Safety showers / eyewashes will be Speakman, Haws, or equal.
Water Heaters: Hot Water Solar Systems will be SPP solar water heater systems, Alter-
native Energy Tech LLC, Industrial Solar Technology, Universal Solar Products
Tankless, instantaneous type will be Envirotech or equal.
Tank-type will be AO Smith, State Industries inc., or equal.
Small-capacity sump pumps will be ABS or equal.
Piping interior service valves, 50 mm and smaller, will be ball valves; 80 mm and larger
will be gate valves.
Floor drains, roof drains and cleanouts will be JR Smith, Josam, or equal.
3.10.3.1.7 Barrier-Free Plumbing Fixtures (ADA)

Water closets, urinals, lavatories, and water coolers will be provided for the physically
impaired as required by the applicable codes.
3.10.3.1.8 Domestic Potable Water

Domestic potable water will be stored in roof top water reservoirs and distributed by
gravity. The capacity of the water reservoir will be one cubic meter, and will be made
out of PVC.
3.10.3.1.9 Sanitary Drain – Septic Tanks

All sanitary drains will be handled by septic tanks and seepage pit. It is assumed that the
inflow to the tank will be 186 liters or 0.186 cubic meters (m3) per day. The septic tanks
will be constructed with cast in place concrete below ground surface. The septic tank
will have a length of 2,600 mm, a width of 1,300 mm, and a depth of 3,000 mm. The
septic system will be placed on 200 mm of compacted granular material. Inlets to and
outlets from the septic tank will be located a minimum distance of 700 mm below the top
of the tank. Therefore, each septic tank will have two chambers with a combined
maximum operational capacity of 3.24 m3. The septic tank will have a reserve capacity
of 0.36 m3, which will allow for approximately 46 hours of normal use in the event of a
malfunction.
Page 76 of 91
Retention time will allow solids to settle out and oil and grease to float to the surface.
The septic tank will have risers with lids at the ground surface to allow for easy location,
inspection, and septage removal as necessary.
After exiting the septic tank, the semi-clarified effluent will discharge into a seepage tank
and, ultimately, to the ground. The seepage tank will be cylindrical with a diameter of
2,000 mm and a depth of 4,600 mm. The bottom 400 mm will be lined with packed
gravel or broken stone to allow percolation into the ground.
Based on discussions with the WBWD, there will be a setback of 30 m between the septic
system and wellheads.
3.10.3.1.10 Cistern
The Living Quarters and Operations/Maintenance building will be provide with cisterns
for landscape irrigation. The cisterns will feed by rain water through the rain gutters
from the roof, will be a buried, and they will be made of cast in place concrete. The ca-
pacity of the cisterns will be 283 liters.
3.10.3.1.11 Safety Showers/Eyewashes

Combination safety shower / eyewash units will be installed in all Chemical areas.
3.10.3.2 Water Conservation

Low water use plumbing fixtures and trim will be specified and installed in accordance
with requirements of the Standard Plumbing Code.
Maximum flow rates will be as follows:
• Water Closet: 6 liters per flushing cycle
• Urinal: 3.82 liters per flushing cycle
• Private Lavatory: 8.3 l/m
• Public Lavatory: 1.9 l/m
• Shower Head: 9.5 l/m
• Sink Faucet: 8.3 l/m
3.10.3.3 Cross Connection Control

Cross connection control will be provided in accordance with the Plumbing Code.
Page 77 of 91
3.10.3.4 Backflow Preventers

Reduced pressure zone backflow preventers will be installed for the following items, as a
minimum:
• Main building potable water service
• Water supply for mechanical equipment and instruments
• As separation between potable water (PW) and non-potable water (UW)
Backflow preventers that are located outside will be placed within an insulated enclosure.
3.11 Electrical Design

This section will define the electrical design criteria that will be used for the Design Pro-
gram Management Services for the Water Supply Projects. The criteria defined in this
section apply to all projects unless noted otherwise in the project-specific BODRs.

The following are the minimum Applicable Codes and Standards for the design of the
new electrical systems for each project.
Codes and Description

Standards
NFPA 70 National Electrical Code 2008 Edition
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association
IECC International Energy Conservation Code
UL Underwriter Laboratories
IEEE 519-1992 Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers Standard 519 –
Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control
in Electrical Power Systems
NFPA 780 Lightning Protection Systems

Standard electrical voltage supply is 400/230 VAC, 50 Hz for booster stations and wells
utilizing vertical turbine motors, 3.3 kV, 50 Hz for wells requiring submersible motors
and 240 VAC, 50 Hz for reservoir sites. Permanent standby generator systems are not
anticipated, however provisions for connecting a portable generator will be provided at
either the 3.3kV switchgear or the 400/230 VAC MCC depending on the site conditions.
The provisions will be a fully rated circuit breaker, which will be electro-mechanically
interlocked with the main breaker to prevent the possibility of paralleling the mobile ge-
nerator with the utility feed. Power service is typically extended from one well to another
Page 78 of 91
through 33kV medium voltage overhead or underground transmission lines. All distribu-
tion on site will be via underground ductbanks, for each location.
A short circuit and protective device coordination study and Arc-Flash analysis will be
required to be performed, for each site, by the manufacturer of the major electrical
equipment, to ensure proper short circuit equipment rating of the equipment based on the
short circuit fault current availability from the power utility serving the site. The study
must be prepared by a registered professional engineer. The report will show the single
line diagrams for the new electrical system, including the main 33kV transformers, down
to the 400V power panels, switchboards and motor control centers (MCC), with corres-
ponding short circuit data, for both the booster pump stations and well sites. The fault
current available from the utility company will be obtained by the study provider and will
show a tabulation of protective devices, time-current characteristic curves of each device
and their settings. The manufacturer performing the study will be responsible for provid-
ing and installing Arc-Flash boundary labels on each piece of equipment, indicating the
requirement for proper protective equipment (PPE).

3.11.3.1 Utilization Voltage Ratings
All motors will be rated for 50Hz. Motors smaller than 0.37kW will generally be rated
for 220V, single-phase. All motors 0.37kW and above will generally be rated 400V,
three-phase. Motors for Submersible well pumps will generally be rated 3.3kV, three-
phase. Most miscellaneous non-motor loads of 0.5kW and less will be rated at 220V,
single-phase. Non-motor loads larger than 0.5kW will be rated at 400V, three-phase, un-
less this rating is not available for the equipment selected.
3.11.3.2 Electrical Equipment Sizing and Ratings

• Electrical equipment will be sized to continuously carry all electrical loads with-
out overloading and overheating and will have 20 percent spare capacity.
• Equipment and materials will be rated to withstand and interrupt the available
faults currents.
• Medium-voltage power conductors will be sized according to the actual electrical
load and heating characteristics of conductors under fault conditions. Tempera-
ture rise will be limited to a maximum of 200 degrees Celsius within 30 cycles, in
addition to the continuous rating of the conductors.
• Electrical equipment will be designed to operate in a maximum ambient tempera-
ture of 40 degrees C indoors and 50 degrees C outdoors.
Page 79 of 91
3.11.3.3 Voltage Drop

The voltage drop to motor terminals will not exceed 3 percent of the rated voltage. Feed-
er and branch circuit conductors will be sized such that their combined voltage drop does
not exceed 5 percent, with a maximum of 3 percent in either the feeder or branch circuit.
3.11.3.4 Lightning/Surge Protection

Surge protection will be provided to mitigate the effects of surges induced by lightning
and system switching:
• Utility will provide protection for their lines and at the new primary transformer.
• Lightning protection in accordance with NFPA 780 will be provided to all new
buildings. No new lightning protection will be provided for existing structures.
• Additional surge protection for sensitive electronic equipment in the form of
Surge Protection Devices (SPD) will be provided at each 3.3kV Switchgear,
where required, for well sites, 400/230 VAC Motor Control Center (MCC) at
booster pump stations site and well sites, Panelboards and will also be included in
the controls and instrumentation system.
3.11.3.5 Earthing
Non-current-carrying metal parts of equipment, raceways and other enclosures will be
grounded as required by an equipment-grounding conductor in the same raceway, cable
or cord. Individually insulated equipment grounding will have a continuous green finish.
All circuits, including lighting will have grounding conductors.
3.11.3.6 Lighting and Receptacles

Lighting will be designed in compliance with the energy conservation standards set forth
in the IECC, latest edition.
Types of illumination sources:

• Indoor - use fluorescent, energy saving fixtures with T-8, 32 watt, 48-inch lamps
and electronic ballasts. Luminaires more than 3 meters high may be Metal Halide.
• Outdoor - use HPS.
• Fixtures to be enclosed and gasketed in all but NEMA-1 areas.
Illumination levels will be as follows:
Area Maintained Foot-candles

Indoor process areas 300 Lux
Outdoor process areas 50 Lux
Electrical rooms 300 Lux
Outdoor Substation areas 50 Lux
Mechanical equipment rooms 300 Lux
Page 80 of 91
Maintenance areas – general 500 Lux

Maintenance areas – task As required
Site lighting 100-150 Lux
Control room 500 Lux
Corridors/Kitchen/Toilet 200 Lux
Bedroom 300 Lux
Indoor areas will be provided with switchable circuits with a minimum number of non-
switched lighting fixtures for personnel safety.
Emergency and exit lights will be provided per NEC, NFPA 101. Individual battery
packs will be used. Emergency lights will be hard wired. Cord and plug will not be ac-
ceptable.
Receptacle in wet, damp or outdoor areas will be GFCI. Others will be spec grade NE-
MA 5-20R.
Receptacles will be spaced such that any location can be accessed with a 10 meter exten-
sion cord in all areas of the facility. For HACR equipment, receptacles shall be spaced
7.5 meters and on the same grade level, per the requirements of NEC 210.63.
3.11.3.7 Utility Power System

Primary power will typically be provided via single 33kV overhead line. This line will
feed a step-down transformer at each location. Primary metering will be per serving utili-
ty standard at the secondary of the transformer.
The secondary of the transformer will feed a 400/230 VAC motor control center or 3.3kV
switchgear, via main circuit breakers. The 3.3kV switchgear will be metal-clad, Arc-
Resistant type, with draw-out circuit breakers. The motor control center will house cir-
cuit breakers for the VFD and other electrical loads. The VFDs and reduced voltage solid
state starters (RVSS) will be housed in stand-alone NEMA enclosures, based on the loca-
tion criteria.
3.11.3.8 Major Equipment Selection Criteria

3.11.3.8.1 Equipment Data
Table 12 Equipment Selection Criteria and Preferred Vendors lists the recommended
equipment representing the major equipment items used in the Electrical System.
Page 81 of 91
Table 12 Equipment Selection Criteria and Preferred Vendors

Equipment Criteria Preferred Vendors
Pad Mounted Medium 33kV-400/230 VAC, 50Hz, NEMA 3R ABB, Eaton Electrical,
Voltage Oil-Filled Enclosure, Copper Windings, Oil-filled, Siemens
Transformers 33kV- Non-PCB, Energy Efficiency Compliant
400/230 VAC
Pad Mounted Medium 33kV-3.3kV, 50Hz, NEMA 3R Enclo- ABB, Eaton Electrical,
Voltage Oil-Filled sure, Copper Windings, Oil-filled, Non- Siemens
Transformers PCB, Energy Efficiency Compliant
33kV-3.3kV
Low Voltage Motor 400/230V, 50Hz, 65 KAIC, Copper Bus, Major US manufacturers
Control Centers NEMA enclosures compliant with re- including Eaton Electrical,
quired area classification, circuit breaker GE, Square D.
type starters with networked power
monitor on each main breaker. All start-
ers to be equipped with control and
monitoring capability to gather operating
and tripping data. Soft start required for
all motors >7.5kW.
Variable Frequency All VFDs for motors smaller than 30kW Major US manufacturers
Drives will be 6-pulse PWM type and mounted including Allen-Bradley,
in motor control centers. All VFDs for Eaton Electrical, GE
motors 30kW and larger will have min-
imum 18 pulse inverters. Included will
be motor protection relay for RTD and
vibration and temperature as required.
Power Distribution Pa- 400/230V, 50 Hz, circuit breaker type, Major US manufacturers
nels copper bus, main lugs or breakers, en- including Eaton Electrical,
closures to suit environment GE.
3.11.3.9 Security
CCTV cameras on the perimeter of the buildings will be provided.
3.11.3.10 Fire Alarm System

Smoke detectors will be provided in each room with an output to the facility control pan-
el to be annunciated in other rooms.
3.12 Protective Coatings Design

This section will define the protective coatings design criteria that will be used for the
Design Program Management Services for the Water Supply Projects. The criteria de-
fined in this section apply to all projects unless noted otherwise in the project-specific
BODRs.
Page 82 of 91

In addition to the codes already defined in Section 1.4, National Sanitation Foundation
(NSF) 61 standards apply to protective coatings, where applicable.

The West Bank Water Supply Projects includes equipment and structures that will require
the application of protective coatings. The design criteria for protective coatings will be
defined in the following sections.

Protective coatings design criteria for exposed pipe, structural metals, vault pipe, im-
mersed components, architectural features, structural features, pumps, valves,
HVAC/Plumbing and miscellaneous buried equipment will be defined next. Design cri-
teria for wrapping underground pipe and galvanized equipment are also defined.
3.12.3.1 Painting
Painting of equipment and other project components provides protection and extends the
life of the equipment. The design criteria defined below will be used on all Water Supply
Projects unless additional information is provided in the project BODRs.
3.12.3.1.1 Exposed Pipe

Pipe exposed to the atmosphere or weather will need a multi-layer protective coating sys-
tem that provides corrosion protection and aesthetics. The recommended coating system
to meet the corrosion protection and aesthetic requirements is:
• Inorganic Zinc Rich Primer 1 coat, 2.5 to 3.0 mils

• Epoxy intermediate coat 1 coat, 5.0 to 6.0 mils
• Aliphatic Polyurethane topcoat 2 coats, 2 to 3 mils per coat
The primary benefits of the inorganic zinc primer are the excellent adhesion to bare steel
and the corrosion protection provided if the epoxy intermediate coat is chipped or dam-
aged. Inorganic zinc primers also have no recoat window limitation, which allows shop
priming and field finish coating.
Epoxy is heavily chalked by UV exposures and will need an aliphatic polyurethane top-
coat that provides excellent gloss and color retention for long-term aesthetics. Two coats
of the polyurethane topcoat will be used for color uniformity and additional long-term
UV resistance.
Page 83 of 91
3.12.3.1.2 Vault Pipe Coating

Vault piping is exposed to high humidity and condensation, but rarely to UV light. Vault
piping will have either a three-coat epoxy coating system or an inorganic zinc-rich primer
and two coats of epoxy similar to the above-grade piping. Polyurethane top coating is not
required within the vaults, but can be used for aesthetic reasons.
3.12.3.1.3 Immersion Coatings

Submerged or severe service metallic equipment will receive a three-coat, NSF-approved,
amine cured epoxy coating system with a SSPC-SP5, white metal surface preparation.
Use of zinc rich primers is not recommended for immersion service.
3.12.3.1.4 Architectural Coatings

Chlorination rooms and areas will receive an epoxy coating in the containment area floor,
curb, and base of walls.
3.12.3.1.5 Structural Coatings

Unless noted otherwise, Structural steel and miscellaneous metals will receive a two-coat
system as follows:
• Surface preparation: SSPC-SP6, commercial blast cleaning

• Prime coat: rust inhibitive, 2 component epoxy, 3 to 5 mils
• Finish coat: 2 component aliphatic polyurethane, 3 to 4 mils
Structural steel and miscellaneous metals that are exposed to buried or submerged condi-
tions or mild chemicals will receive a three-coat system as follows:
• Surface preparation: SSPC-SP10, near-white metal blast cleaning

• All coats: high build, amine cure epoxy, 5 to 6 mils per coat
Unless noted otherwise, galvanized structural steel and miscellaneous metals will receive
a two-coat system as follows:
• Surface preparation: SSPC-SP1, solvent cleaning

• Prime coat: rust inhibitive, 2 component epoxy, 3 to 5 mils
• Finish coat: 2 component aliphatic polyurethane, 3 to 4 mils
Galvanized structural steel and miscellaneous metals in chlorinator or chlorine storage

rooms will receive a three-coat system as follows:

Page 84 of 91
Galvanized structural steel and miscellaneous metals exposed to buried or submerged

conditions will receive a three-coat system as follows:
• Surface preparation: SSPC-SP1, solvent cleaning followed by SPC-SP7 brush-off

grade blast cleaning
Aluminum surfaces in contact with concrete will receive a one-coat system as follows:

• Finish coat: high build polyamide epoxy with chemical and abrasion resistance,
16 to 20 mils
Concrete exposed to corrosive chemicals will receive a filler-sealer plus two-coat system
as follows:
• Surface preparation: SSPC-SP13, surface preparation of concrete

• Filler-sealer: epoxy material with Portland cement and aggregate
• Prime coat: phenolicamine or polyamidoamine epoxy, 3 to 7 mils
• Finish coat: aromatic elastomeric polyurethane, 100 to 125 mils
3.12.3.1.6 Pump and Valve Coatings

Pumps, valves and pump station piping will be coated per the protective coatings specifi-
cations identified in the Program BODR, unless specific conditions at the Project level
necessitate a change.
3.12.3.1.7 HVAC/Plumbing Coatings

Outdoor heat rejection equipment coils will be dip coated with a corrosion and moisture
resistant film to prevent damage by airborne corrosive particles and fumes that may be
present in the plant environment.
HVAC equipment, ductwork and air distribution devices located in corrosive areas or
serving corrosive areas will be provided with protective coatings and/or constructed from
corrosion resistant materials.
3.12.3.1.8 Miscellaneous Buried Equipment Coatings

Buried facilities, other than buried pipelines, should be coated with a polyurethane coat-
ing system similar to the buried piping. If polyurethane coating is applied to other buried
facilities, they should be either concrete-encased or electrically isolated from the booster
pumping station and cathodically protected.
Page 85 of 91
3.12.3.2 Wrapping Underground Pipe

Buried ductile iron pipe and fittings will be wrapped with a polyethylene sheet. HDPE
and PVC pipe do not require protective coatings.
3.12.3.3 Galvanizing
Ferrous metal that is not provided a protective coating shall be galvanized.
Page 86 of 91
Basis of Design Report INP, Task Order 2 - Water Supply Projects
APPENDICES
Appendix A – Technical Memorandum – Sodium Hypochlorite Feed System Design Cri-
teria for the West Bank Projects
M E M O R A N D U M
To: Paul Bonnici, P.E. Date: April 16, 2010
CC: Doug Mackie, P.E.

Brendan Robless, P.E.
Mark Nelson, P.E.
Craig Wilcox, P.E.
From: Juan R. Oquendo, P.E. Re: Issued for back-check review

Mathew Gribbins, P.E.
Jimena Pinzon
Subject: Sodium Hypochlorite Feed System Design Criteria for the West Bank Projects
The purpose of this memorandum is to provide standard sodium hypochlorite feed system design
criteria for the Basis of Design Reports (BODRs) for the following water supply projects:
Conveyance, Bani Naim, Al Auja, NE Jenin, and SW Jenin. The following text provides
description of the chlorine feed system, including transfer pumps, bulk storage tanks,
recirculation pumps, feed (metering) pumps, and general building layout.
1.0 General Design Criteria
Chlorine residual establishment and maintenance with liquid sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) will
follow the guidelines the World Health Organization (WHO) and the requirements of the
Palestinian Water Authority (PWA). Table 1 presents the locations where sodium hypochlorite
feed systems will be provided and the respective average groundwater flow in cubic meters per
hour (cmh) and million gallons per day (mgd).
Table 1 Locations where chlorine residual dosing will be provided
and average groundwater flow
Flow Flow
Project Chlorination Location (cmh) (mgd)
Conveyance Upstream of Well 17 Balancing Tank 100 0.63
Conveyance Upstream of Well 48R Balancing Tank 100 0.63
Conveyance Upstream of Well 32 Balancing Tank 200 1.27
SW Jenin Upstream of Sanur Balancing Tank 150 0.95
SW Jenin Upstream of Arraba Balancing Tank 120 0.76
SW Jenin Upstream of Qabatya Balancing Tank 140 0.89
SW Jenin Suction of Al Mutilla Booster Pump Station 5.6 0.04
SW Jenin Upstream of Kuferit Balancing Tank 14.9 0.09
Bani Naim Upstream of the BN-5 Balancing Tank 100 0.63
Al Auja Downstream of the Al Auja Well Pump 100 0.63
NE Jenin Upstream of Al Jalama Balancing Tank 156 0.99
NE Jenin Upstream of Deir Gazala Balancing Tank 131 0.83
NE Jenin Suction of Faqqua-Jalbun Inline Booster Station 73 0.46
NE Jenin Upstream of Beit Qad Balancing Tank 56 0.36
From conversations with the client, when the well head is located in close vicinity to the end
users, chlorine doses between 0.4 mg/L and 0.7 mg/L are typically required at existing well
heads to maintain a chlorine residual of 0.2 mg/L at the end users. For systems pumping more
than 10 kilometers, the maximum dose at the well head is typically increased to 1.0 mg/L. In an
effort to provide a standard design, minimum and maximum doses of 0.4 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L,
respectively, were assumed for all sodium hypochlorite feed locations. The design assumes that
the water pumped from the aquifer has low levels of chlorine demand. The WHO guidelines
recommend a free chlorine residual of 0.2 mg/L for normal circumstances and 0.5 mg/L in high
risk circumstances. Table 2 summarizes typical design criteria for the sodium hypochlorite feed
systems.
Table 2 Typical design criteria for sodium hypochlorite feed systems
Parame ter Value

Liquid sodium hypochlorite
Chemical solution strength (trade ), % 10
Specific gravity 1.14
Available chlorine, % by wt 8.8
Sodium hypochlorite dose
Minimum, mg/L 0.4
Average, mg/L 0.6
Maximum, mg/L 1.0
Minimum free chlorine residual, mg/L 0.2
Typically sodium hypochlorite is not stored for more than 21 to 30 days because it decays over
time with rate of decay being a function of the solution strength, temperature, and exposure to
ultraviolet (UV) light. Table 3 shows the volume of a 10% trade solution of sodium hypochlorite
needed at each feed location to maintain 30 days of storage at average dose (assumed to be 0.6
mg/l) and maximum groundwater flow (see Table 1). As indicated in the table, the maximum
volume of sodium hypochlorite required is 457 gallons at the Conveyance Well 32 site.
Assuming the total storage volume will be stored in two bulk storage tanks, the minimum bulk
storage tank volume required at this site is 230 gallons.
Table 3 Sodium hypochlorite storage requirements
Required
Required usable volume Required
Storage of each bulk number of
Volume, storage tank, 66-gal
Project Chlorination Location gal1 gal2 drums
Conveyance Upstream of Well 17 Balancing Tank 228 114 4
Conveyance Upstream of Well 48R Balancing Tank 228 114 4
Conveyance Upstream of Well 32 Balancing Tank 457 229 7
SW Jenin Upstream of Sanur Balancing Tank 343 172 6
SW Jenin Upstream of Arraba Balancing Tank 274 137 5
SW Jenin Upstream of Qabatya Balancing Tank 320 160 5
SW Jenin Suction of Al Mutilla Booster Pump Station 13 7 1
SW Jenin Upstream of Kuferit Balancing Tank 34 17 1
Bani Naim Upstream of the BN-5 Balancing Tank 228 114 4
Al Auja Downstream of the Al Auja Well Pump 228 114 4
NE Jenin Upstream of Al Jalama Balancing Tank 356 178 6
NE Jenin Upstream of Deir Gazala Balancing Tank 299 150 5
NE Jenin Suction of Faqqua-Jalbun Inline Booster Station 167 84 3
NE Jenin Upstream of Beit Qad Balancing Tank 126 64 2
Notes:
1. Storage volume based on 0.6 mg/L dose, maximum groundwater flow from Table 1, and 30 days storage.
2. Required usable volume based on two storage tank configuration.
2.0 Sodium Hypochlorite Storage and Feed System
Description on the individual components of the general system layout for the chlorine residual
system is presented below (refer to Instrumentation and Controls drawings).
2.1 Sodium Hypochlorite Deliveries
From conversations with the client, sodium hypochlorite may be delivered to the sites in 250 L
(66 gal) drums or in 1000 L trucks. For the design, it was assumed that the sodium hypochlorite
would be delivered in 250 L drums and storage space inside the chlorination storage and feed
building would be required to allow the drums to be offloaded and stored then transferred into
the bulk storage tanks. As shown in Table 3, the number of drums required at each site to
maintain 30 days of storage is between 2 and 7 drums. To standardize the design, it was decided
that enough space would be provided within the chlorination storage and feed building for eight
drums. Eight drums were selected because they equate to two pallets of four drums each. Once in
the chlorination storage and feed building, the drums will be stored on spill containment pallets,
each holding four drums (see Figure 1).
Figure 1 Four drum spill containment pallet
2.1 Sodium Hypochlorite Fill Station
A fill station will be provided at the exterior of the chlorination storage and feed building for
deliveries of sodium hypochlorite from 1000 L trucks.
Each bulk tank will have its own fill piping with a lockable quick coupling device, isolation
valve, basket strainer, and drain piping at the fill station. Fill piping will be designed to allow
emptying the truck within 45 to 60 minutes. It is assumed that no power, compressed air, etc.
will be required for unloading of the sodium hypochlorite from the truck.
A containment area at the fill station will be provided to collect any spilled sodium hypochlorite.
Surfaces within the containment area will be provided with a protective coating. PVC hose bibs
and FRP hose racks will be provided for wash down and rinsing at the feed station.
A local control panel will be provided for monitoring of the bulk tank filling. The local control
panel shall be NEMA 4X and of Type 316 stainless steel or fiberglass construction. Type 304
stainless steel is not suitable for use in a chlorine environment. The fill station local control panel
shall be provided with level indication and a high level alarm light for each bulk storage tank. A
common alarm horn (activated by bulk storage tank high level) and alarm horn silence
pushbutton shall be provided for both tanks.
2.2 Sodium Hypochlorite Transfer to Bulk Storage
The sodium hypochlorite will be transferred from the 250 L drums to the bulk storage tanks with
a 20 lpm (5 gpm) transfer pump. One electric duty pump and one manual stand-by pump will be
provided. The electric pump is sized to transfer the contents of one 250 L drum to the bulk
storage tanks in approximately 15 minutes. A drum type pump will be used as the electric
transfer pump. The pump will be constant speed, self-priming, and suitable for container-to-
container transfer of sodium hypochlorite.
The transfer pump will be placed inside the containment area adjacent to the drum storage area
on a concrete equipment pad approximately 1 meter in height to allow access to the pump and to
avoid damage to the pump or motor in the event of tank failure or flooding of the containment
area. A check valve and manual isolation valve will be provided in the transfer pump fixed
discharge piping. A transition from fixed pipe to flexible tubing will be provided. The flexible
tubing will be 25 mm (1 inch) diameter. It will transfer the liquid sodium hypochlorite from the
drum pump to the bulk storage tanks
2.3 Sodium Hypochlorite Bulk Storage Tanks
Two bulk storage tanks will be provided for redundancy in the case of tank failure. To
standardize the design for each site, two 230 gallon (minimum) HDPE bulk storage tanks will be
provided at each site. The capacity of each bulk storage tank is based on 50 percent of the
maximum calculated total storage volume at the largest site (see Table 3).
The bulk storage tanks will be vertical, linear- or cross-linked (with an OR liner), high density
polyethylene tanks (as manufactured by Snyder Industries, Inc., Poly Processing Company, or
equal). The level of sodium hypochlorite inside each tank will be monitored using a non-
contacting (ultrasonic type) level element. Backup low-low (LSLL) and high-high (LSHH) level
conductance-type probes (switches) will be provided for pump dry run protection and overflow
conditions, respectively. No sight glasses will be provided at the bulk storage tanks. Each tank
will be installed on a 450-mm (1.5-foot) high concrete slab that extends 300 mm (1 foot) beyond
the outside diameter of the bulk storage tank.
Bulk storage tank connections should be provided as follows: (1) vent (piped to the exterior of
the building through the building wall with a screened, turned-down vent), (2) overflow pipe to
the containment area sized based on the tank fill rate, (3) metering pump suction, (4) drain to the
containment area, (5) recirculation pump suction, and (6) recirculation pump discharge.
2.4 Sodium Hypochlorite Bulk Storage Tank Recirculation Pumps
Each bulk storage tank will be provided with a 7.5-lpm (2.0-gpm) recirculation pump. When
started, the pump will circulate the contents of a bulk storage tank in a maximum of 2 hours. The
recirculation pump will be of the plastic, magnetic drive, centrifugal, base-mounted type and
shall be mounted on a concrete equipment pad the same height as the bulk storage tank concrete
equipment pad to provide a positive suction head on the recirculation pump.
Schedule 80 CPVC piping with a 25-mm (1.0-inch) diameter will be provided for the
recirculation pump suction and discharge piping. The discharge piping from each recirculation
pump shall be provided with a pressure gauge, a drain, and an antisiphon valve located at the top
of the pump discharge piping, at least two feet above the top of the bulk storage tank.
2.5 Sodium Hypochlorite Feed (Metering) Pumps
Sodium hypochlorite feed (metering) pumps capacity sizing is based on providing sufficient
pumping capacity for the maximum groundwater flow and maximum chlorination dose. Table 5
indicates the maximum pumping rate required for the sodium hypochlorite feed pumps at each
feed point in gallons per hour (gph) and liters per hour (lph) as well as the pressure at the
injection point.
Table 4 Sodium Hypochlorite Feed Pump Capacities
Pump Pump Feed Point

Capacity, Capacity, Pressure,
Project Chlorination Location gph lph bars1
Conveyance Upstream of Well 17 Balancing Tank 0.53 2.0 2.0
Conveyance Upstream of Well 48R Balancing Tank 0.53 2.0 2.0
Conveyance Upstream of Well 32 Balancing Tank 1.06 4.0 2.0
SW Jenin Upstream of Sanur Balancing Tank 0.80 3.0 0.5
SW Jenin Upstream of Arraba Balancing Tank 0.64 2.4 0.5
SW Jenin Upstream of Qabatya Balancing Tank 0.74 2.8 0.5
SW Jenin Suction of Al Mutilla Booster Pump Station 0.03 0.1 1.2
SW Jenin Upstream of Kuferit Balancing Tank 0.08 0.3 2.0
Bani Naim Upstream of the BN-5 Balancing Tank 0.53 2.0 13.9
Al-Auja Downstream of the Al Auja Well Pump 0.53 2.0 5.2
NE Jenin Upstream of Al Jalama Balancing Tank 0.82 3.1 30
NE Jenin Upstream of Deir Gazala Balancing Tank 0.69 2.6 30
NE Jenin Suction of Faqqua-Jalbun Inline Booster Station 0.39 1.5 30
NE Jenin Upstream of Beit Qad Balancing Tank 0.30 1.1 30
Notes: 1. Feed point pressures are preliminary. Final pressures will be coordinated with each Project Mechanical
lead.
Two pumps are provided for each feed point, one duty and one standby. Sodium hypochlorite
pumps will be simplex, variable speed, positive displacement (diaphragm) metering pumps with
internal check valves and internal pressure relief. Pumps will be provided with an AC motor with
a variable frequency drive.
Flow pacing will be utilized to maintain the required sodium hypochlorite dose and will adjust
the metering pump speed (not stroke) in response to the water flow signal. Stroke control will be
manual.
The metering pumps shall be mounted on a concrete equipment pad at approximately the same
height as the bulk storage tank concrete equipment pad to provide a positive suction head on the
metering pump.
Ancillary components of the metering pump system are as follows:
• Each pump discharge will be provided with a pressure relief valve in the discharge piping
which is connected to the pump suction line. This prevents damage of the pump in the event
of pumping against a closed valve.
• Pump suction and discharge manual isolation valves are provided to isolate each pump when
not in service.
• No check valves are provided in the discharge piping since the check valves are provided
within the diaphragm pump.
• A high pressure switch with isolation valve is provided in the discharge piping to shut down
the pump when called to be in service and the discharge isolation valve is closed. This
prevents damage of the pump due to pumping against a closed valve.
• A 2.5 inch pressure gauge with isolation valve is provided in the discharge piping. Pressure
gauges will be appropriately designed so the pressure reading is in the middle of the pressure
range.
• A pulsation dampener with isolation valve is provided in the discharge piping to reduce the
pulsation wave generated by the positive displacement pumps.
• A backpressure valve is provided in each pump discharge piping to provide the backpressure
required by positive displacement pumps to provide flow rate control, to prevent chlorination
flow when the pump is off (even if normal discharge line pressure is above that of the static
head on the chlorination tank), to prevent siphoning from the storage tanks or pumps, and to
help improve the accuracy and repeatability of metering the sodium hypochlorite flow. The
backpressure valve is sized to provide a backpressure of approximately 25 psi higher than the
downstream pressure. The location of the back pressure valve near the pump (instead of the
injection point) provides easier maintenance and local adjustment.
• One common calibration column with isolation valves is provided in the suction piping for
periodic testing of the pump flow rate by the operations staff and during start up. The
calibration column will be sized for a maximum height of three feet and to provide a
minimum of one minute of draw-down at maximum flow.
• Pump suction and discharge piping drain valves are provided for maintenance and sampling.
• Off-gas is kept from accumulating in the pump suction and at the calibration column by
venting both of these locations back to the top of the bulk storage tank. Off-gas accumulation
will prohibit the pump from operating efficiently.
• A flow meter (magnetic meter) will be provided on the metering pump discharge header to
monitor instantaneous sodium hypochlorite feed flow and to allow totalization of sodium
hypochlorite flow by the control system. The flow meter will only measure flow and will not
provide feedback to the sodium hypochlorite feed system.
• The metering pump discharge piping accessories will be mounted on the wall.
• A flushing connection is provided in the suction header.
2.6 Local Control Panel
A local control panel shall be provided for monitoring and control of the following storage and
feed system components:
• feed (metering) pumps variable frequency drives,

• feed (metering) pumps,
• bulk storage tank isolation valves,
• bulk storage tanks (level indication, high level alarm, low-low level alarm, and level
transmitter fail)
• recirculation pump starters,
• recirculation pump controls,
• flow metering (flow indication, low flow alarm)
• double-pipe containment (leak alarm), and
• containment area (leak alarm, flood alarm),
The local control panel shall be NEMA 4X and of Type 316 stainless steel or fiberglass
construction. Type 304 stainless steel is not suitable for use in a chlorine environment.
The following shall be provided on the front of the local control panel for each recirculation
pump: (1) a HAND-OFF-AUTO selector switch, (2) an adjustable frequency timer (1 to 7 days),
(3) and adjustable run timer (0 to 200 minutes), (4) a run indication light, and (5) a fail alarm
light. When the HAND-OFF-AUTO selector switch is in the AUTO position, the recirculation
pump shall start the recirculation pump based on the frequency timer run until the run timer
times out. When the HAND-OFF-AUTO selector switch is in the HAND position, the
recirculation pump shall run continuously.
The following shall be provided on the front of the local control panel for each metering pump:
(1) a HAND-OFF-AUTO selector switch, (2) start and stop pushbuttons, (3) a speed
potentiometer, (4) high discharge pressure alarm light, (5) a VFD fail alarm light, (6) a run
indication light, (7) an OUT OF TOLERANCE alarm, (8) a FAIL TO ACHIEVE SPEED alarm,
and (9) an alarm reset pushbutton. When the HAND-OFF-AUTO selector switch is in the
AUTO position, speed adjustment shall be automatic in proportion to the groundwater plant flow
with an operator-adjustable dose. When the HAND-OFF-AUTO selector switch is in the HAND
position, the pump can be started and stopped with the START and STOP pushbuttons and speed
can be adjusted with the potentiometer. A tachometer on each metering pump shall indicate to a
display at the local control panel. The local control panel shall be provided with an alarm horn
(failure of any metering pump), alarm horn silence pushbutton, and alarm reset pushbutton. A
dry contact shall be provided for input of groundwater flow to the local control panel. For
automatic operation, the operator shall be able to select which pump serves as the duty pump and
which pump serves as the standby pump.
High discharge pressure shall be interlocked directly to the starter control logic of the feed pump
to shut the pump down. If the metering pump cannot maintain the setpoint flow within 10
percent (adjustable), after a metering pump call to run an OUT OF TOLERANCE alarm shall be
generated. An adjustable timer (initially set at 15 seconds) shall allow the actual flow to deviate
from the desired flow during startup and groundwater flow changes without a warning alarm. A
FAIL TO ACHIEVE SPEED alarm shall be generated if the metering pump speed feedback does
not meet the speed setpoint within 120 seconds (adjustable). Emergency stop (e-stop) lockout of
the entire sodium hypochlorite feed system shall be available at the local control panel.
2.7 Miscellaneous System Components
2.7.1 Piping and Valves
Sodium hypochlorite piping inside the chlorination storage and feed building will be CPVC
piping (ASTM F 441) or flexible HDPE tubing. Where buried, sodium hypochlorite piping will
double containment piping (HDPE chemical pipe inside a schedule 40 PVC carrier pipe) with a
leak detection system. CPVC and PVC piping will be socket welded or flanged and HDPE
piping will be butt welded or flanged. Threaded fittings can leak, particularly when used with
basic (high pH) chemicals, and should not be utilized.
Distribution boxes or manholes with leak detection will be provided at low points in the chlorine
delivery system. Manholes will be provided with a protective coating.
Valves for sodium hypochlorite service will be vented CPVC ball valves, CPVC diaphragm
valves (at the bulk storage tank drain and metering pump suction), and CPVC check valves.
Because sodium hypochlorite off-gasses, vented ball valves are provided to allow the gas to
escape and prevent valve failure from pressure build up.
2.7.2 Spill Containment and Washdown
A containment area will be provided for the bulk storage tanks and feed pumps to collect spills
and contain any leakage. The 150-mm (6-inch) high containment curb has been sized to contain
the contents of one bulk storage tank and still maintain a minimum of 50 mm (2 inches) of
freeboard. The floor in the containment area will be sloped to a 1m by 1m by 1m (3 ft by 3ft by
3ft) deep sump to collect spilled sodium hypochlorite or wash down water. Since ultimate
disposal of any liquid from the sump is dependent on the type of liquid (washdown, sodium
hypochlorite, etc.), a portable sump pump (< 0.5 hp, 230 V, 1 ph, 50 Hz) will be provided to
allow the flow to be directed to the appropriate disposal location. Surfaces within the
containment area will be provided with a protective coating.
Level switches will alarm leak and flood conditions within the containment area.
PVC hose bibs and FRP hose racks will be provided for wash down and rinsing in the storage
and feed building.
2.7.3 Injection points
A check valve and isolation valve will be provided at each sodium hypochlorite injection point to
prevent groundwater from entering the sodium hypochlorite feed piping. Sodium hypochlorite
injection locations will be provided with a removable Hastalloy C diffuser per MWH standard
detail M-707.
Sodium hypochlorite has a fast reaction time and, therefore, mixing is not a governing design
criteria and static mixers are not required. The Owner has requested a manual sample port be
provided in the water piping upstream of the injection point.
2.7.4 Chlorine Residual Analyzer
A chlorine residual analyzer will be provided in the chlorination building to measure free
chlorine residual of a sample taken downstream of the sodium hypochlorite injection point. Free
chlorine residual will be monitored only and sodium hypochlorite trim based on the measured
free chlorine dose will not be provided. A drain will be provided at the analyzer.
2.7.5 Emergency Shower and Eyewash
Emergency shower and eyewash stations should be placed to meet the following criteria:
• reachable within 10 seconds,

• located so that less than 55 feet (17 m) of travel is required to reach the unit,
• located on the same level as the hazard, and
• located so that the travel path is fee of obstructions, including doors.
An emergency shower and eyewash will be provided in the chlorination storage and feed
building, at the fill station, and at the injection point. Where possible, emergency shower and
eyewash units should be served by the potable water system and provided with a drain.
2.7.6 Electrical Routing

Electrical conduit will be routed overhead and on the walls with FRP unistrut where possible and
practical. It is not recommended to run conduit (and pipe) through the containment area floor. If
this cannot be avoided, housekeeping pads as high as the containment area curbs will be
provided. All exposed conduit will be PVC-coated rigid galvanized steel.
3.0 Chlorination and Storage Building
The layout for the Chlorination and Storage Building includes an area for storage of two pallets
holding eight 250-L (66-gallon) drums. Access to this area will be provided through an 2500-mm
high by 300-mm wide (8-foot high by 10-foot wide) manual overhead door. The overhead door
will also allow future removal of the bulk storage tanks. The fill station will be located on the
same side of the building as the overhead door.
The sodium hypochlorite storage and feed system local control panel will be located adjacent to
the sodium hypochlorite drum storage, outside the containment area. A manway door will also
access to the building and the local control panel.
Corrosion resistant supply and exhaust air fans will generate negative pressure inside the sodium
hypochlorite storage building, and at the same time provide 12 air changes per hour. A supply
fan will be mounted on the roof of the building with distribution ductwork and supply
louvers/grilles near the ceiling inside the building. An exhaust fan will also be mounted on the
roof (at the corner opposite the supply fan) and with the exhaust louvers/grilles located near the
floor.
A minimum of one meter (three feet) of clearance will be provided around the equipment (tanks
and pumps) for operation and maintenance access. Clearance will be provided at the top of the
bulk storage tanks for removal of level probes, access to manways, etc.
Access on the exterior of the chlorination storage and feed building will be provided to allow
trucks to drive up and unload sodium hypochlorite. If space permits, it is desirable to have a
looped drive so that trucks can drive through to and exit without turning around.

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Basis of Design Report (BODR)

Program Wide Basis of Design

1/8/2010 Draft MWHA CHI-4

1.2 Program Overview

1.2.2 Program Scope Overview

• Installation of new water supply wells;

• Installation of new transmission pipelines;

• Installation of new water storage reservoirs;

• Provision of disinfection systems;

• Installation of new distribution systems and service connections; and

• Rehabilitation of existing distribution systems.

1.2.3 Program Ownership

1.3 Reference Materials and Related Studies

As appropriate, additional standards related to the specific design of US made equipment

1.4.1 Local Territory Control Issues

Other agencies have additional ownership/control of various aspects of the individual

1.5 Environmental Protection, Safety, and Security Requirements

1.5.1 Environmental Evaluation and Mitigation Actions

Table 2 Potential Environmental Impacts/Mitigation Actions

1.5.2 Safety and Security Mitigation Actions

1.6 General Permitting Requirements

2.1.1.1 Coordinate System

2.1.4 Overview of Current Sources, Treatment and Distribution

2.2 Project Service Area

2.2.3 Service Population

Table 3 Service Population

2.2.4 Water Quality Standards

2.2.5 Raw Water or Source Water Quality

2.3 Project Specific Elements

2.3.1 Northeast Jenin

The scope of the NE Jenin Project includes the following elements:

1. Construct 31.2 km of transmission pipeline.

6. Construct an operations and maintenance facility in Beit Qad.

2.3.2 Southwest Jenin

The scope of the SW Jenin project includes the following elements:

2. Construction of a new booster station at Raba (actually to be completed by Anera

4. Rehabilitation of Sanur reservoir that includes leak testing and repairs.

7. Possible replacement of some existing pipelines – to be determined during prelim-

2.3.3 Bani Naim

The scope of Al Auja project includes the following elements:

2.3.5 Conveyance Systems

1. Construction of approximately 16 km of 200 to 300 mm diameter transmission

2. Installation of 4 well pumps and associated electrical gear.

3. Construction of three storage systems (balance tanks) with individual capacities of

4. Construction of a 500 m3 balance tank at the Al-Safi well.

5. Construction of new pump stations and associated electrical gear.

7. Repair of the existing reservoir at the Saer Pump Station site.

8. Replacement of the flow control valve at the Al-Duhaisheh site.

9. Paving of approximately 1.5 km of dirt road, and the repair of approximately 3 km

10. Provision of approximately 16 km of underground duct banks to provide power and

2.4 Program Procurement Plan

1. American Intercontinental Constructors LLC,

2. The Morganti Group,

3. APCO/ARCON Construction and Services LLC, and

4. International Relief and Development.

2.4.1 Major Equipment Procurement

2.4.2 Procurement Consistency

• Equipment type and manufacturer shall be consistent on all projects. Consistent

• Identify procurement methods that will expedite equipment delivery to minimize