LABOR LAW AND SOCIAL

LEGISLATIONS
Day 2 PM (10%)
 Table of Contents
I. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS ............................................................................................... 9
A. Sources of Labor Laws ........................................................................................................................................................... 9
1. 1987 Constitution ............................................................................................................................................................... 9
2. Civil Code ................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
3. Labor Code.......................................................................................................................................................................... 10
4. Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) Issuances ........................................................................... 10
5. Jurisprudence .................................................................................................................................................................... 11
B. State Policies ........................................................................................................................................................................... 11
1. Labor as Primary Social Economic Force – 1987 CONST., art. II, sec. 18 ................................................. 11
2. Full Protection to Labor – 1987 CONST., art. XIII, sec. 3 ................................................................................. 12
3. Security of Tenure – 1987 CONST., art. XIII, sec. 3 ............................................................................................. 12
4. Social Justice – 1987 CONST., art. II, sec. 10; Labor Code, Art. 218, as renumbered by DOLE D.A.
No. 01-2015 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
5. Equal Work Opportunities – 1987 CONST., art. XIII, sec. 3; Labor Code, art. 3 ..................................... 13
6. Right to Self-Organization and Collective Bargaining – 1987 CONST., art. XIII, sec. 3; Labor Code,
arts. 3 and 253 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 14
7. Construction in Favor of Labor – Labor Code, art. 4; Civil Code, art. 1702............................................. 14
II. RECRUITMENT AND PLACEMENT OF WORKERS....................................................................................... 15
A. Recruitment and Placement of Local and Migrant Workers (Labor Code, art. 13) .................................. 15
1. Regulatory Authorities .................................................................................................................................................. 15
a. Department of Migrant Workers – R.A. No. 11641, secs. 4-6 ................................................................... 15
b. DOLE Secretary; Regulatory and Visitorial Powers – Labor Code, arts. 33, 36 and 37 ................ 16
2. Regulation of Recruitment and Placement Activities....................................................................................... 16
a. Ban on Direct Hiring; Exceptions – Labor Code, art. 18 ............................................................................. 16
b. Entities and persons prohibited from recruiting – Labor Code, art. 26; R.A. No. 8042, as
amended by R.A. No. 10022, sec. 6 (j); Revised POEA Rules 2016 for Land-based Workers, Part II,
Rule I, sec. 3 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 17
c. Non-transferability of License or Authority – Labor Code, art. 29 ........................................................ 18
d. Suspension or cancellation of license or authority – Labor Code, art. 35; Revised POEA Rules
2016 for Land-based Workers, Part III, Rule I, secs. 101 and 104 .................................................................. 18
e. Prohibited Practices – Labor Code, art. 34; R.A. No. 8042, as amended by R.A. No. 10022, sec.
6; Revised POEA Rules 2016 for Land-based Workers, Part I, Rule X, sec. 76............................................ 19
f. Illegal Recruitment ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
i. Elements and Types – Labor Code, art. 38; R.A. No. 8042, as amended by R.A. No. 10022,
sec. 6 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
ii. Illegal recruitment vs. Estafa – R.A. No. 8042, as amended by R.A. No. 10022, sec. 6; Revised
Penal Code, art. 315, par. 2 (a) ................................................................................................................................... 21

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 g. Solidary Liability of Local Recruitment Agency and Foreign Employer – R.A. No. 8042, as
amended by R.A. No. 10022, sec. 10; Theory of Imputed Knowledge ........................................................... 22
h. Termination of Contract of Migrant Workers – R.A. No. 8042, as amended by R.A. No. 10022,
sec. 10 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 23
B. Employment of Non-Resident Aliens (Labor Code, arts. 40-42; DOLE D.O. No. 186-17, secs. 1-3 and
12-14, as amended by DOLE D.O. No. 221-21; DOLE D.O. No. 205-19, secs. 1-3, 7-8) ...................................... 23
III. EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP ................................................................................................... 26
A. Employer-Employee Relationship ................................................................................................................................. 26
1. Tests to Determine Employer-Employee Relationship – DOLE D.O. No. 147-15, Rule I-A, sec. 3.. 26
2. Kinds of Employment – Labor Code, arts. 295-296 .......................................................................................... 27
a. Regular ............................................................................................................................................................................ 27
b. Casual ............................................................................................................................................................................... 28
c. Probationary ................................................................................................................................................................. 28
d. Project .............................................................................................................................................................................. 29
e. Seasonal .......................................................................................................................................................................... 29
f. Fixed-Term ..................................................................................................................................................................... 30
3. Related Concepts.............................................................................................................................................................. 30
a. Floating Status – Labor Code, art. 301; DOLE D.O. No. 215-20 ............................................................... 30
b. Employment Subject to a Suspensive Condition ........................................................................................... 31
B. Legitimate Contracting vs. Labor-Only Contracting (Labor Code, arts. 106-109; DOLE D.O. No. 174-
17; DOLE D.C. No. 01-17; E.O. No. 51, Series of 2018) .................................................................................................... 31
IV. LABOR STANDARDS ........................................................................................................................................ 33
A. Conditions of Employment ............................................................................................................................................... 33
1. Covered Employees; Exceptions – Labor Code, art. 82; Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor
Code, Book III, Rule I, secs. 1-2 ............................................................................................................................................ 33
2. Hours of Work ................................................................................................................................................................... 34
a. Normal hours of work – Labor Code, arts. 83-84; Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor
Code, Book III, Rule I, secs. 3-4 ....................................................................................................................................... 34
b. Meal periods – Labor Code, art. 85; Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book III,
Rule I, sec. 7 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 34
c. Night-shift – Labor Code, art. 86; Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book III, Rule
II, secs. 1-6 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 35
d. Overtime work – Labor Code, arts. 87-90; Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book
III, Rule I, secs. 8-10 ............................................................................................................................................................. 36
e. Compressed work week, blexible work arrangement, alternative work arrangements,
telecommuting program – DOLE D.A. No. 02-04; DOLE D.A. No. 02-09; DOLE D.A. No. 04-10; R.A.
No. 11165, secs. 3-5 ............................................................................................................................................................. 37
f. Non-compensable hours.......................................................................................................................................... 39

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 3. Rest periods – Labor Code, arts. 91-93; Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book III,
Rule III, secs. 1-9 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 39
4. Holidays – Labor Code, art. 94; Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book III, Rule IV,
secs. 1-11....................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
5. Service charges – Labor Code, art. 96; Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book III,
Rule VI, secs. 1-7; R.A. No. 11360; DOLE D.O. No. 206-19; DOLE L.A. No. 14-19 ........................................... 42
6. Occupational Safety and Health Standards Law – R.A. No. 11058, secs. 4-6, 8 and 12 ..................... 45
B. Wages ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 46
1. Components and Exclusions ....................................................................................................................................... 46
a. Wages – Labor Code, art. 97(f) ............................................................................................................................. 46
b. Facilities .......................................................................................................................................................................... 47
c. Supplements ................................................................................................................................................................. 47
d. Bonus ............................................................................................................................................................................... 48
e. 13th Month Pay – P.D. No. 851; Revised Guidelines on the Implementation of the 13th Month
Pay Law ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 48
f. Holiday Pay – Labor Code, art. 94; Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book III,
Rule IV, secs. 1-7 .................................................................................................................................................................... 49
2. Principles ............................................................................................................................................................................ 50
a. No work, No pay .......................................................................................................................................................... 50
b. Equal pay for equal work......................................................................................................................................... 51
c. Fair wage for fair work ............................................................................................................................................. 51
d. Non-Diminution of Benebits – Labor Code, art. 100..................................................................................... 52
3. Payment of Wages – Labor Code, arts. 102-105; Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code,
Book III, Rule VIII, secs. 1-7 and 10-14 ............................................................................................................................ 52
4. Prohibitions Regarding Wages – Labor Code, arts. 112-119; DOLE L.A. No. 11-14 ............................ 54
5. Wage Distortion – Labor Code, art. 124 ................................................................................................................. 55
6. Minimum Wage – Labor Code, art. 99; Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book III,
Rule VII, secs. 7, 9 and 15 ....................................................................................................................................................... 56
C. Leaves ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 57
1. Service Incentive Leaves – Labor Code, art. 95; Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code,
Book III, Rule V, secs. 1-6 ........................................................................................................................................................ 57
2. Leaves under Special Laws .......................................................................................................................................... 58
a. Expanded Maternity Leave – R.A. No. 11210 .................................................................................................. 58
b. Paternity Leave – R.A. No. 8187, as amended by R.A. No. 11210 ........................................................... 58
c. Solo Parent Leave – R.A. No. 8972, as amended by R.A. No. 11861 ...................................................... 59
d. Gynecological Leave – R.A. No. 9710 .................................................................................................................. 59
e. Battered Woman Leave – R.A. No. 9262 ............................................................................................................ 60
D. Special Groups of Employees........................................................................................................................................... 60

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 1. Women – Labor Code, arts. 130 and 132-136 ..................................................................................................... 60
2. Minors – R.A. No. 7610, as amended by R.A. No. 9231 .................................................................................... 61
3. Kasambahays – R.A. No. 10361 .................................................................................................................................. 62
4. Homeworkers – Labor Code, arts. 151-153 ......................................................................................................... 63
5. Night Workers – Labor Code, arts. 154-161 ......................................................................................................... 63
6. Apprentices and Learners – Labor Code, arts. 58-60 and 73-74 ................................................................ 64
7. Persons with Disabilities – R.A. No. 7277, as amended by R.A. No. 9442, R.A. No. 10070 and R.A.
No. 10523...................................................................................................................................................................................... 65
E. Sexual Harassment in the Work Environment (R.A. No. 7877); Safe Spaces Act (R.A. No. 11313,
Article IV)........................................................................................................................................................................................... 66
F. Discriminatory Practices ................................................................................................................................................... 68
1. Age – R.A. No. 10911 ...................................................................................................................................................... 68
2. Gender and Marital Status – R.A. No. 9710 ........................................................................................................... 68
3. Pregnancy – R.A. No. 10354, sec. 23(c) .................................................................................................................. 69
4. Illness – DOLE D.A. No. 05-10; DOLE D.O. No. 73-05 ........................................................................................ 69
5. Solo Parents – R.A. No. 8972, as amended by R.A. No. 11861, sec. 7 ......................................................... 70
6. Persons with Disability – R.A. No. 7277, as amended ...................................................................................... 70
V. SOCIAL WELFARE BENEFITS ............................................................................................................................ 71
A. SSS Law (R.A. No. 8282, as amended by R.A. No. 11199) .................................................................................... 71
1. Benebits; Coverage and Exclusions ........................................................................................................................... 71
2. Dependents and Benebiciaries ................................................................................................................................... 72
B. GSIS Law (R.A. No. 8291) .................................................................................................................................................. 72
1. Benebits; Coverage and Exclusions ........................................................................................................................... 73
2. Dependents and Benebiciaries ................................................................................................................................... 73
C. Limited Portability Law (R.A. No. 7699) .................................................................................................................... 74
D. Disability and Death Benebits; Labor Code and Civil Code ................................................................................. 74
E. Claims of Seafarers; 2010 Standard Terms and Conditions Governing the Overseas Employment of
Filipino Seafarers On-Board Ocean-Going Ships (Secs. 20, 32 and 32-A) .............................................................. 75
VI. MANAGEMENT PREROGATIVE .................................................................................................................... 76
A. Occupational Qualibications ............................................................................................................................................. 77
B. Productivity Standards ...................................................................................................................................................... 77
C. Change of Working Hours ................................................................................................................................................. 78
D. Transfer of Employees ........................................................................................................................................................ 78
E. Discipline of Employees ..................................................................................................................................................... 79
F. Grant of Bonuses and Other Benebits ........................................................................................................................... 79
G. Clearance Process ................................................................................................................................................................. 80
H. Post-Employment Restrictions ....................................................................................................................................... 80
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VII. POST-EMPLOYMENT ....................................................................................................................................... 81
A. Termination of Employment by Employer ................................................................................................................ 81
1. Just Causes – Labor Code, art. 297; DOLE D.O. No. 147-15............................................................................ 81
2. Authorized Causes – Labor Code, arts. 298-299; DOLE D.O. No. 147-15................................................. 82
3. Due Process Requirements – Labor Code, art. 292 (b); DOLE D.O. No. 147-15 .................................... 83
B. Termination of Employment by Employee ................................................................................................................ 84
1. Resignation vs. Constructive Dismissal – Labor Code, art. 300 ................................................................... 84
2. Abandonment .................................................................................................................................................................... 84
C. Preventive Suspension (Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book V, Rule XIV, secs. 3-4)
85
D. Reliefs from Illegal Dismissal (Labor Code, art. 294) ........................................................................................... 85
E. Retirement (Labor Code, art. 302) ................................................................................................................................ 86
VIII. LABOR RELATIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 86
A. Right to Self-Organization ................................................................................................................................................. 86
1. Coverage and Eligibility for Membership; Exceptions – Labor Code, arts. 253-255; DOLE D.O. No.
40-03, Rule II, secs. 1-2 ........................................................................................................................................................... 87
2. Doctrine of Necessary Implication (Conbidential Employees) ..................................................................... 88
3. Bargaining Unit – DOLE D.O. No. 40-03, Rule I, sec. 1(e) ................................................................................ 88
a. Commingling or Mixed Membership .................................................................................................................. 89
b. Inclusion as Members of Employees Outside the Bargaining Unit – Labor Code, art. 256 ......... 89
4. Registration of Unions, Chartering, Cancellation of Registration – Labor Code, arts. 240, 241, 245
and 247 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 90
5. Sole and Exclusive Bargaining Agent (SEBA) (DOLE D.O. No. 40-03, Rule I, Sec. 1(u)); Modes to
Acquire Status (DOLE D.O. No. 40-I-15) .......................................................................................................................... 91
a. SEBA Certibication – DOLE D.O. No. 40-03, Rule I, Sec. 1, as amended by DOLE D.O. No. 40-J-22
93
b. Certibication and Consent Election – DOLE D.O. No. 40-03, Rules VII and VIII, as amended ..... 93
c. Bars to the Holding of Certibication Election – DOLE D.O. No. 40-03, Rule VIII, Sec. 14, and Rule
XVII, Sec. 7, as amended; Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book V, Rule III, Sec. 14 (e)
94
d. Failure of Election, Run-off Election, Re-run Election – DOLE D.O. No. 40-03, Rule IX, Secs. 17-
19, as amended ...................................................................................................................................................................... 96
6. Employer as a Mere Bystander Rule – DOLE D.O. No. 40-03, Rule IX, sec. 1, as amended ............... 97
B. Rights of Legitimate Labor Organizations ................................................................................................................. 97
1. Check Off, Assessment, and Agency Fees – Labor Code, arts. 250 (n), (o) and 259 (e); DOLE D.O.
No. 40-03, Rule XIII, sec. 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 97
2. Collective Bargaining ..................................................................................................................................................... 98
a. Procedure in Bargaining – Labor Code, art. 261 ........................................................................................... 99
b. Duty to bargain collectively – Labor Code, arts. 262-264 ......................................................................... 99
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 c. Economic Provisions and Conditions .............................................................................................................. 100
d. Non-Economic Provisions and Conditions ................................................................................................... 100
e. Mandatory Provisions in a Collective Bargaining Agreement .............................................................. 101
f. Freedom Period ........................................................................................................................................................ 101
g. Union Security Clause ............................................................................................................................................ 102
C. Unfair Labor Practices ..................................................................................................................................................... 102
1. By Employers – Labor Code, art. 259 ................................................................................................................... 102
2. By Labor Organizations – Labor Code, art. 260 ............................................................................................... 103
D. Peaceful Concerted Activities ....................................................................................................................................... 103
1. Strikes, Picketing, and Lockouts – Labor Code, art. 278; Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor
Code, Book V, Rule XIII ......................................................................................................................................................... 103
2. Assumption of Jurisdiction by Secretary of Labor and Employment – Labor Code, art. 278 (g);
DOLE D.O. No. 40-H-13......................................................................................................................................................... 105
IX. JURISDICTION AND REMEDIES .................................................................................................................105
A. Labor Arbiter ....................................................................................................................................................................... 105
1. Jurisdiction – Labor Code, arts. 124 and 224; R.A. No. 8042, as amended by R.A. No. 10022, sec.
10; 2011 NLRC Rules of Procedure, as amended, Rule V, sec. 1 ......................................................................... 105
2. Mode of Appeal to the NLRC – 2011 NLRC Rules of Procedure, as amended, Rule VI .................... 107
3. Reinstatement and/or Execution Pending Appeal – Labor Code, art. 229; 2011 NLRC Rules of
Procedure, as amended, Rule IX, sec. 12....................................................................................................................... 107
B. National Labor Relations Commission ..................................................................................................................... 108
1. Jurisdiction ...................................................................................................................................................................... 108
a. Original – Labor Code, arts. 225 (d), (e) and 278 (g); 2011 NLRC Rules of Procedure, as
amended, Rule XII, sec. 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 108
b. Appellate – Labor Code, art. 129; 2011 NLRC Rules of Procedure, as amended, Rule VI, sec. 1
108
2. Mode of Appeal and Requisites .............................................................................................................................. 109
C. Court of Appeals; Requisites (Rules of Court, Rule 65) ..................................................................................... 109
D. Supreme Court; Requisites (Rules of Court, Rule 45) ........................................................................................ 110
E. Bureau of Labor Relations; Jurisdiction and Procedure (DOLE D.O. No. 40- 03, Rule XI) .................. 110
F. National Conciliation and Mediation Board (Executive Order No. 126, as amended by E.O. No. 251);
Conciliation v. Mediation .......................................................................................................................................................... 111
G. DOLE Regional Directors; Jurisdiction (Labor Code, arts. 128-129; Omnibus Rules Implementing
the Labor Code, Book III, Rule X, Secs. 2 and 3(a)) ....................................................................................................... 112
H. DOLE Secretary................................................................................................................................................................... 113
1. Visitorial and Enforcement Powers – Labor Code, arts. 128 and 289 ................................................... 113
2. Power to Suspend Effects of Termination – Labor Code, art. 292 (b) .................................................... 114
I. Voluntary Arbitrator; Jurisdiction and Procedure – Labor Code, arts. 274-277; Revised Procedural
Guidelines in the Conduct of Voluntary Arbitration Proceedings .......................................................................... 114
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 J. Prescription of Actions .................................................................................................................................................... 117
1. Money Claims – Labor Code, art. 306................................................................................................................... 117
2. Illegal Dismissal – Civil Code, art. 1146 .............................................................................................................. 117
3. Unfair Labor Practices – Labor Code, art. 305 ................................................................................................. 118
4. Illegal Recruitment – R.A. No. 8042, as amended, sec. 12 ........................................................................... 118
TO-DO LIST ..................................................................................................................................................................119

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I. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS
A. Sources of Labor Laws
1. 1987 Constitution

2. Civil Code

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3. Labor Code

4. Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) Issuances

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 5. Jurisprudence

B. State Policies
1. Labor as Primary Social Economic Force – 1987 CONST., art. II, sec. 18

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2. Full Protection to Labor – 1987 CONST., art. XIII, sec. 3

3. Security of Tenure – 1987 CONST., art. XIII, sec. 3

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4. Social Justice – 1987 CONST., art. II, sec. 10; Labor Code, Art. 218, as
renumbered by DOLE D.A. No. 01-2015

5. Equal Work Opportunities – 1987 CONST., art. XIII, sec. 3; Labor Code, art.
3

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6. Right to Self-Organization and Collective Bargaining – 1987 CONST., art.
XIII, sec. 3; Labor Code, arts. 3 and 253

7. Construction in Favor of Labor – Labor Code, art. 4; Civil Code, art. 1702

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II. RECRUITMENT AND PLACEMENT OF WORKERS
A. Recruitment and Placement of Local and Migrant Workers (Labor Code, art.
13)

1. Regulatory Authorities
a. Department of Migrant Workers – R.A. No. 11641, secs. 4-6

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 b. DOLE Secretary; Regulatory and Visitorial Powers – Labor Code, arts. 33, 36 and 37

2. Regulation of Recruitment and Placement Activities

a. Ban on Direct Hiring; Exceptions – Labor Code, art. 18

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 b. Entities and persons prohibited from recruiting – Labor Code, art. 26; R.A. No. 8042, as
amended by R.A. No. 10022, sec. 6 (j); Revised POEA Rules 2016 for Land-based
Workers, Part II, Rule I, sec. 3
Labor Code, art. 26; R.A. No. 8042, as amended by R.A. No. 10022, sec. 6 (j)

Revised POEA Rules 2016 for Land-based Workers, Part II, Rule I, sec. 3

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c. Non-transferability of License or Authority – Labor Code, art. 29

d. Suspension or cancellation of license or authority – Labor Code, art. 35; Revised POEA
Rules 2016 for Land-based Workers, Part III, Rule I, secs. 101 and 104

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e. Prohibited Practices – Labor Code, art. 34; R.A. No. 8042, as amended by R.A. No.
10022, sec. 6; Revised POEA Rules 2016 for Land-based Workers, Part I, Rule X, sec. 76

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f. Illegal Recruitment

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i. Elements and Types – Labor Code, art. 38; R.A. No. 8042, as amended by R.A. No.
10022, sec. 6

ii. Illegal recruitment vs. Estafa – R.A. No. 8042, as amended by R.A. No. 10022, sec. 6;
Revised Penal Code, art. 315, par. 2 (a)

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 g. Solidary Liability of Local Recruitment Agency and Foreign Employer – R.A. No. 8042,
as amended by R.A. No. 10022, sec. 10; Theory of Imputed Knowledge

Theory of Imputed Knowledge

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 h. Termination of Contract of Migrant Workers – R.A. No. 8042, as amended by R.A. No.
10022, sec. 10

B. Employment of Non-Resident Aliens (Labor Code, arts. 40-42; DOLE D.O. No.
186-17, secs. 1-3 and 12-14, as amended by DOLE D.O. No. 221-21; DOLE D.O.
No. 205-19, secs. 1-3, 7-8)
Labor Code, arts. 40-42

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DOLE D.O. No. 186-17, secs. 1-3 and 12-14, as amended by DOLE D.O. No. 221-21

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DOLE D.O. No. 205-19, secs. 1-3, 7-8

(Cont.) DOLE D.O. No. 205-19, secs. 1-3, 7-8)

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III. EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP
A. Employer-Employee Relationship

1. Tests to Determine Employer-Employee Relationship – DOLE D.O. No. 147-

15, Rule I-A, sec. 3

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2. Kinds of Employment – Labor Code, arts. 295-296

a. Regular

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b. Casual

c. Probationary

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d. Project

e. Seasonal

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 f. Fixed-Term

3. Related Concepts
a. Floating Status – Labor Code, art. 301; DOLE D.O. No. 215-20

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 b. Employment Subject to a Suspensive Condition

B. Legitimate Contracting vs. Labor-Only Contracting (Labor Code, arts. 106-

109; DOLE D.O. No. 174-17; DOLE D.C. No. 01-17; E.O. No. 51, Series of 2018)

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IV. LABOR STANDARDS
A. Conditions of Employment
1. Covered Employees; Exceptions – Labor Code, art. 82; Omnibus Rules
Implementing the Labor Code, Book III, Rule I, secs. 1-2
Labor Code, art. 82

Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book III, Rule I, secs. 1-2

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2. Hours of Work
a. Normal hours of work – Labor Code, arts. 83-84; Omnibus Rules Implementing the
Labor Code, Book III, Rule I, secs. 3-4

b. Meal periods – Labor Code, art. 85; Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book
III, Rule I, sec. 7

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c. Night-shift – Labor Code, art. 86; Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book
III, Rule II, secs. 1-6

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d. Overtime work – Labor Code, arts. 87-90; Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor
Code, Book III, Rule I, secs. 8-10

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 e. Compressed work week, flexible work arrangement, alternative work arrangements,
telecommuting program – DOLE D.A. No. 02-04; DOLE D.A. No. 02-09; DOLE D.A. No. 04-
10; R.A. No. 11165, secs. 3-5
DOLE D.A. No. 02-04

DOLE D.A. No. 02-09

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DOLE D.A. No. 04-10

R.A. No. 11165, secs. 3-5

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 f. Non-compensable hours

3. Rest periods – Labor Code, arts. 91-93; Omnibus Rules Implementing the
Labor Code, Book III, Rule III, secs. 1-9
Labor Code, arts. 91-93

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Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book III, Rule III, secs. 1-9

(Cont.) Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book III, Rule III, secs. 1-9

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 4. Holidays – Labor Code, art. 94; Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor
Code, Book III, Rule IV, secs. 1-11
Labor Code, art. 94

Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book III, Rule IV, secs. 1-11

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(Cont.) Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book III, Rule IV, secs. 1-11

5. Service charges – Labor Code, art. 96; Omnibus Rules Implementing the
Labor Code, Book III, Rule VI, secs. 1-7; R.A. No. 11360; DOLE D.O. No. 206-
19; DOLE L.A. No. 14-19
Labor Code, art. 96

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Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book III, Rule VI, secs. 1-7

(Cont.) Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book III, Rule VI, secs. 1-7

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R.A. No. 11360

DOLE D.O. No. 206-19

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DOLE L.A. No. 14-19

6. Occupational Safety and Health Standards Law – R.A. No. 11058, secs. 4-6,
8 and 12

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B. Wages
1. Components and Exclusions
a. Wages – Labor Code, art. 97(f)

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b. Facilities

c. Supplements

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d. Bonus

e. 13th Month Pay – P.D. No. 851; Revised Guidelines on the Implementation of the 13th
Month Pay Law

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f. Holiday Pay – Labor Code, art. 94; Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book
III, Rule IV, secs. 1-7

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2. Principles
a. No work, No pay

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b. Equal pay for equal work

c. Fair wage for fair work

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 d. Non-Diminution of Benefits – Labor Code, art. 100

3. Payment of Wages – Labor Code, arts. 102-105; Omnibus Rules

Implementing the Labor Code, Book III, Rule VIII, secs. 1-7 and 10-14
Labor Code, arts. 102-105

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Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book III, Rule VIII, secs. 1-7

Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book III, Rule VIII, secs. 10-14

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 4. Prohibitions Regarding Wages – Labor Code, arts. 112-119; DOLE L.A. No.
11-14
Labor Code, arts. 112-119

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DOLE L.A. No. 11-14

5. Wage Distortion – Labor Code, art. 124

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6. Minimum Wage – Labor Code, art. 99; Omnibus Rules Implementing the
Labor Code, Book III, Rule VII, secs. 7, 9 and 15

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C. Leaves
1. Service Incentive Leaves – Labor Code, art. 95; Omnibus Rules
Implementing the Labor Code, Book III, Rule V, secs. 1-6

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2. Leaves under Special Laws
a. Expanded Maternity Leave – R.A. No. 11210

b. Paternity Leave – R.A. No. 8187, as amended by R.A. No. 11210

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c. Solo Parent Leave – R.A. No. 8972, as amended by R.A. No. 11861

d. Gynecological Leave – R.A. No. 9710

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 e. Battered Woman Leave – R.A. No. 9262

D. Special Groups of Employees

1. Women – Labor Code, arts. 130 and 132-136

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2. Minors – R.A. No. 7610, as amended by R.A. No. 9231

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3. Kasambahays – R.A. No. 10361

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4. Homeworkers – Labor Code, arts. 151-153

5. Night Workers – Labor Code, arts. 154-161

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6. Apprentices and Learners – Labor Code, arts. 58-60 and 73-74

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7. Persons with Disabilities – R.A. No. 7277, as amended by R.A. No. 9442, R.A.
No. 10070 and R.A. No. 10523

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(Cont.) PWDs

E. Sexual Harassment in the Work Environment (R.A. No. 7877); Safe Spaces
Act (R.A. No. 11313, Article IV)
RA 7877

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R.A. No. 11313, Article IV

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F. Discriminatory Practices
1. Age – R.A. No. 10911

2. Gender and Marital Status – R.A. No. 9710

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3. Pregnancy – R.A. No. 10354, sec. 23(c)

4. Illness – DOLE D.A. No. 05-10; DOLE D.O. No. 73-05

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5. Solo Parents – R.A. No. 8972, as amended by R.A. No. 11861, sec. 7

6. Persons with Disability – R.A. No. 7277, as amended

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V. SOCIAL WELFARE BENEFITS
A. SSS Law (R.A. No. 8282, as amended by R.A. No. 11199)

1. Benefits; Coverage and Exclusions

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 2. Dependents and Beneficiaries

B. GSIS Law (R.A. No. 8291)

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1. Benefits; Coverage and Exclusions

2. Dependents and Beneficiaries

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C. Limited Portability Law (R.A. No. 7699)

D. Disability and Death Benefits; Labor Code and Civil Code

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E. Claims of Seafarers; 2010 Standard Terms and Conditions Governing the
Overseas Employment of Filipino Seafarers On-Board Ocean-Going Ships
(Secs. 20, 32 and 32-A)

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VI. MANAGEMENT PREROGATIVE

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A. Occupational Qualifications

B. Productivity Standards

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C. Change of Working Hours

D. Transfer of Employees

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E. Discipline of Employees

F. Grant of Bonuses and Other Benefits

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G. Clearance Process

H. Post-Employment Restrictions

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VII. POST-EMPLOYMENT
A. Termination of Employment by Employer
1. Just Causes – Labor Code, art. 297; DOLE D.O. No. 147-15

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 2. Authorized Causes – Labor Code, arts. 298-299; DOLE D.O. No. 147-15

(Cont.) Authorized causes

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3. Due Process Requirements – Labor Code, art. 292 (b); DOLE D.O. No. 147-
15

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B. Termination of Employment by Employee
1. Resignation vs. Constructive Dismissal – Labor Code, art. 300

2. Abandonment

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C. Preventive Suspension (Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book
V, Rule XIV, secs. 3-4)

D. Reliefs from Illegal Dismissal (Labor Code, art. 294)

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 E. Retirement (Labor Code, art. 302)

VIII. LABOR RELATIONS

A. Right to Self-Organization

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1. Coverage and Eligibility for Membership; Exceptions – Labor Code, arts.
253-255; DOLE D.O. No. 40-03, Rule II, secs. 1-2

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2. Doctrine of Necessary Implication (Confidential Employees)

3. Bargaining Unit – DOLE D.O. No. 40-03, Rule I, sec. 1(e)

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a. Commingling or Mixed Membership

b. Inclusion as Members of Employees Outside the Bargaining Unit – Labor Code, art. 256

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4. Registration of Unions, Chartering, Cancellation of Registration – Labor
Code, arts. 240, 241, 245 and 247

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 5. Sole and Exclusive Bargaining Agent (SEBA) (DOLE D.O. No. 40-03, Rule I,
Sec. 1(u)); Modes to Acquire Status (DOLE D.O. No. 40-I-15)
DOLE D.O. No. 40-03, Rule I, Sec. 1(u)

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Modes to Acquire Status (DOLE D.O. No. 40-I-15)

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a. SEBA Certification – DOLE D.O. No. 40-03, Rule I, Sec. 1, as amended by DOLE D.O. No.
40-J-22

b. Certification and Consent Election – DOLE D.O. No. 40-03, Rules VII and VIII, as
amended

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 c. Bars to the Holding of Certification Election – DOLE D.O. No. 40-03, Rule VIII, Sec. 14,
and Rule XVII, Sec. 7, as amended; Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book
V, Rule III, Sec. 14 (e)
DOLE D.O. No. 40-03, Rule VIII, Sec. 14, and Rule XVII, Sec. 7, as amended

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Omnibus Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book V, Rule III, Sec. 14 (e)

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d. Failure of Election, Run-off Election, Re-run Election – DOLE D.O. No. 40-03, Rule IX,
Secs. 17-19, as amended

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 6. Employer as a Mere Bystander Rule – DOLE D.O. No. 40-03, Rule IX, sec. 1,
as amended

B. Rights of Legitimate Labor Organizations

1. Check Off, Assessment, and Agency Fees – Labor Code, arts. 250 (n), (o) and
259 (e); DOLE D.O. No. 40-03, Rule XIII, sec. 1

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2. Collective Bargaining

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a. Procedure in Bargaining – Labor Code, art. 261

b. Duty to bargain collectively – Labor Code, arts. 262-264

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c. Economic Provisions and Conditions

d. Non-Economic Provisions and Conditions

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e. Mandatory Provisions in a Collective Bargaining Agreement

f. Freedom Period

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 g. Union Security Clause

C. Unfair Labor Practices

1. By Employers – Labor Code, art. 259

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 2. By Labor Organizations – Labor Code, art. 260

D. Peaceful Concerted Activities

1. Strikes, Picketing, and Lockouts – Labor Code, art. 278; Omnibus Rules
Implementing the Labor Code, Book V, Rule XIII

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 2. Assumption of Jurisdiction by Secretary of Labor and Employment – Labor
Code, art. 278 (g); DOLE D.O. No. 40-H-13

IX. JURISDICTION AND REMEDIES

A. Labor Arbiter
1. Jurisdiction – Labor Code, arts. 124 and 224; R.A. No. 8042, as amended by
R.A. No. 10022, sec. 10; 2011 NLRC Rules of Procedure, as amended, Rule
V, sec. 1
Labor Code, arts. 124 and 224

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R.A. No. 8042, as amended by R.A. No. 10022, sec. 10

2011 NLRC Rules of Procedure, as amended, Rule V, sec. 1

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2. Mode of Appeal to the NLRC – 2011 NLRC Rules of Procedure, as amended,
Rule VI

3. Reinstatement and/or Execution Pending Appeal – Labor Code, art. 229;

2011 NLRC Rules of Procedure, as amended, Rule IX, sec. 12

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B. National Labor Relations Commission
1. Jurisdiction
a. Original – Labor Code, arts. 225 (d), (e) and 278 (g); 2011 NLRC Rules of Procedure, as
amended, Rule XII, sec. 1

b. Appellate – Labor Code, art. 129; 2011 NLRC Rules of Procedure, as amended, Rule VI,
sec. 1

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 2. Mode of Appeal and Requisites

C. Court of Appeals; Requisites (Rules of Court, Rule 65)

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D. Supreme Court; Requisites (Rules of Court, Rule 45)

E. Bureau of Labor Relations; Jurisdiction and Procedure (DOLE D.O. No. 40-
03, Rule XI)

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(Cont.) Bureau of Labor Relations; Jurisdiction and Procedure (DOLE D.O. No. 40- 03, Rule
XI)

F. National Conciliation and Mediation Board (Executive Order No. 126, as

amended by E.O. No. 251); Conciliation v. Mediation

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G. DOLE Regional Directors; Jurisdiction (Labor Code, arts. 128-129; Omnibus
Rules Implementing the Labor Code, Book III, Rule X, Secs. 2 and 3(a))

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H. DOLE Secretary
1. Visitorial and Enforcement Powers – Labor Code, arts. 128 and 289

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 2. Power to Suspend Effects of Termination – Labor Code, art. 292 (b)

I. Voluntary Arbitrator; Jurisdiction and Procedure – Labor Code, arts. 274-

277; Revised Procedural Guidelines in the Conduct of Voluntary Arbitration
Proceedings
Voluntary Arbitrator; Jurisdiction and Procedure – Labor Code, arts. 274-277

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(Cont.) Voluntary Arbitrator; Jurisdiction and Procedure – Labor Code, arts. 274-277

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Revised Procedural Guidelines in the Conduct of Voluntary Arbitration Proceedings

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J. Prescription of Actions
1. Money Claims – Labor Code, art. 306

2. Illegal Dismissal – Civil Code, art. 1146

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3. Unfair Labor Practices – Labor Code, art. 305

4. Illegal Recruitment – R.A. No. 8042, as amended, sec. 12

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TO-DO LIST ⚡

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