Railway Route Optimization System

Minor project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for

the degree of Bachelor of Technology

in

Computer Science and Engineering

By
Vaibhav Sharma(191545)
Ansh Jaiswal(191541)

UNDER THE SUPERVISON OF

Dr. Pradeep Kumar Gupta

Department of Computer Science & Engineering and Information

Technology
Jaypee University of Information Technology , Waknaghat,
173234, Himachal Pradesh, INDIA
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Title Page
No.
Declaration 1

Certificate 2

Acknowledgement 3

Abstract 4

Chapter-1 (Introduction) 6

Chapter-2 (Feasibility Study, 10

Requirements Analysis and
Design
Chapter-3 (Implementation) 12

Chapter-4 (Results) 20

References 22

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that, this project has been done by me under the supervision of Dr. Pradeep Kumar
Gupta, Affiliation, Jaypee University of Information Technology. I also declare that neither this project nor
any part of this project has been submitted elsewhere for award of any degree or diploma.

Supervised by:
Dr. Pradeep Kumar Gupta
Designation
Department of Computer Science & Engineering and Information Technology
Jaypee University of Information Technology

Submitted by:
Vaibhav Sharma(191545)
Ansh Jaiswal(191541)

Computer Science & Engineering Department

Jaypee University of Information Technology
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work which is being presented in the project report titled “Railway Route
Optimization System” in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of B.Tech in
Computer Science And Engineering and submitted to the Department of Computer Science And
Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat is an authentic record of work
carried out by “Vaibhav Sharma(191545) and Ansh Jaiswal(191541).” during the period from January 2022
to May 2022 under the supervision of Dr.Pradeep Kumar Gupta, Department of Computer Science and
Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat.

Vaibhav Sharma(191545)
Ansh Jaiswal(191541)

The above statement made is correct to the best of my knowledge.

(Dr. Pradeep Kumar Gupta)

Designation
Computer Science & Engineering and Information Technology
Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat,

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, I express my heartiest thanks and gratefulness to almighty God for His divine blessing makes us
possible to complete the project work successfully.

I really grateful and wish my profound my indebtedness to Supervisor Dr Pradeep Kumar Gupta
Designation, Department of CSE Jaypee University of Information Technology, Wakhnaghat. Deep
Knowledge & keen interest of our supervisor in the mentioned field to carry out this project. His endless
patience, scholarly guidance, continual encouragement, constant and energetic supervision, constructive
criticism, valuable advice, reading many inferior drafts and correcting them at all stage have made it
possible to complete this project.

I would like to express my heartiest gratitude to Dr Pradeep Kumar Gupta, Department of CSE, for his kind
help to finish my project.

I would also generously welcome each one of those individuals who have helped me straight forwardly or in
a roundabout way in making this project a win. In this unique situation, I might want to thank the various
staff individuals, both educating and non-instructing, which have developed their convenient help and
facilitated my undertaking.

Finally, I must acknowledge with due respect the constant support and patients of my parents.

Vaibhav Sharma(191545)
Ansh Jaiswal(191541)

ABSTRACT

Our website has various kinds of information that helps regarding booking of tickets via
railways .
Users will be able to search the train availability ,the exact fare ,the arrival and
departuretime of the train and they can also book the ticket by using the debit ,credit
or master card and after booking the ticket if the user want to cancel it then they can
easily do it also.
The objective of the online railway reservation management system
Project is to design software to fully automate the process of issuing a railway ticket.
That is:-
1. To create a database of the trains
2. To search the trains it’s arrival and departure time,distance between source and
destination.
3.To check the availability of the ticket.
4. To calculate fare.
5.To book the ticket.
6.To cancel the ticket if necessary

● Railway passengers frequently need to know about their ticket reservation status,
ticket availability on a particular train or for a place, train arrival or departure details,
special trains etc.. Customer information centers at the railway stations are unable to
serve such queries at peak periods.

● The number of the reservation counters available to the passengers and customers are very
Less.

● On most of the reservation systems there are long queues, so it takes a long time for
any individual to book the ticket.As now there are no call centers facilities available
to solve the queries of the passengers.

● The online railway ticket reservation system aims to develop a web application which aims
at providing trains details, trains availability, as well as the facility to book ticket in online
for customers.

● So, we thought of developing a web based application which would provide the users all
these facilities from his terminal only as well as help them in booking their tickets. The
Application was to be divided into two parts namely the user part , and the administrator
part. And each of these has their corresponding features.We decided to give the name of the
website “RAILWAY RESERVATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”.The online railway
ticket reservation system is developed using ASP.NET with C# as the backend in the .NET
Framework.
Railway reservation management system is a online ticket booking website, which is capable
of booking ticket and serach the train availavility . This website is mainly created to fulfil the
following requirements, it comprises of the following properties:-
● A central database that will store all information.
● An online website that will provide real- time information about the availability of
tickets their prices .
● Every registered user is able to view his booking id that has been made in his/her
name.
● Every registered user can change his password any time he wants to change.

Chapter 01:INTRODUCTION

• Introduction

The project entitled “Railway Route Optimization system“ is developed as a part of

the sixth semester minor project, for the fulfillment of the requirement for the BTech
course.
Our website has various kinds of information that helps regarding booking of tickets
via railways .
Users will be able to search the train availability ,the exact fare ,the arrival and
departuretime of the train and they can also book the ticket by using the debit
,creditnor master card, through the fastest route and after booking the ticket if the
user want to cancel it then they can
easily do it also.

• Objective

The objective of the online railway route optimization system

Project is to design software to fully automate the process of issuing a railway ticket
and find the fastest train routes.
That is:-
1. To create a database of the trains
2. To search the trains it’s arrival and departure time,distance between source and
destination.
3.To check the availability of the ticket.
4. To calculate the time taken from each route and give the shortest one.
5. To calculate fare.
6.To book the ticket.
7.To cancel the ticket if necessary

Motivation

● Railway passengers frequently need to know about their ticket reservation status,
ticket availability on a particular train or for a place, train arrival or departure details,
special trains etc.. Customer information centers at the railway stations are unable to
serve such queries at peak periods.
● The number of the reservation counters available to the passengers and customers
are very less.
● On most of the reservation systems there are long queues, so it takes a long time
for any individual to book the ticket.As now there are no call centers facilities
available to solve the queries of the passengers.
● The online railway ticket reservation system aims to develop a web application
which aims
at providing trains details, trains availability, as well as the facility to book ticket in
online for customers.
● So, we thought of developing a web based application which would provide the
users all these facilities from his terminal only as well as help them in booking their
tickets. The Application was to be divided into two parts namely the user part , and
the administrator part. The online railway ticket reservation system is developed
using ASP.NET with C# as the backend in the .NET Framework.

• Language Used

Server side

1. Programming language: PHP 5.6.31

2. Web Server: Apache 2.4.27
3. Database: SQL 5.7.19

Client side

1. Programming language: JAVASCRIPT, HTML, CS

2. OS: windows7/8/10
3. MYSQL server

PHP

PHP is a server-side scripting language designed primarily for web development but
also used as a general programming language PHP code may be embedded into
HTML or HTML5 markup or it can be used in combination with various web
template systems, web content management systems, and web frameworks. PHP
code
is usually processed by a PHP interpreter implemented as a module in the web server.
The web server software combines the results of the interpreted and executed PHP
code, which may be any type of data, including images, with the generated webpage.

WEB SERVER: APACHE

Apache is the most widely used web server software. Developed and maintained by
Apache Software Foundation, Apache is open-source software available for free. It
runs on 67% of all web servers in the world. It is fast, reliable, and secure. It can be
highly customized to meet the needs of many different environments by using
extensions and modules. Most WordPress hosting providers use Apache as their web
server software. However, WordPress can run on other web server software as well.

HTML

HTML is an acronym that stands for HyperText Markup Language.

HyperText: HyperText simply means "Text within Text". A text has a link within it,
is
a hypertext. Every time you click on a word that brings you to a new webpage, you
have clicked on a hypertext.
Markup language: A markup language is a programming language that is used to
make text more interactive and dynamic. It can turn a text into images, tables, links,
etc. An HTML document is made of many HTML tags and each HTML tag contains
different content
.
JAVASCRIPT
Javascript is a dynamic computer programming language. It is lightweight and most
commonly used as a part of web pages, whose implementations allow client-side
script to interact with the user and make dynamic pages. It is an interpreted

• Technical Requirements ( Hardware)

● A desktop or laptop with a proper internet connection
● 2 500GB or 60GB of the hard disk
● 3.4GB 2GB of the RAM
● 4 Windows 7 or 8 or 10 Operating system

• Deliverables/Outcomes
Our system can successfully give information on any train,find trains
running between two stations ,book tickets and cancel tickets.This system could be
used for official trainbooking.However several other features could be added like
booking meals on trains etc. Also payment gateways have to be implemented to make
sure the transactions happen securely.

Chapter 02:Feasibility Study, Requirements Analysis and Design

2.1 Feasibility Study

2.1.1 Problem Definition

Railway Route Optimization System is a product to serve to users who are tourists. The Main purpose of the project is to let
the end users or passengers to know the shortest path to reach the destination with in short period and with amount as
minimum as possible and as early as possible when more than one Railways route is to there to reach the destination.

2.1.2 Problem Analysis

2.1.3 Solution

The system will allow users to search for trains between any two stations on a given date.and to book the ticket on that
particular date.

The Railways Route Optimization has 4 Modules

•Stations
•Trains
•Route
•Search
2.2 Requirements

2.2.1 Functional Requirements

The required software is used for ordering food online. The system should satisfy the

following requirements:

1. Logging into the system

2. Signup option

3. View Menu Details

4. Order Option

6. View User Orders

7. Logout option

2.2.2 Non-Functional Requirements

All of the application data is stored in an Oracle database, and therefore an Oracle

Database must also be installed on the host computer. As with Apache2, this software is

freely available and can be installed and run under most operating systems. The server

hardware can be any computer capable of running both the web and database servers and

handling the expected traffic. For a small scale restaurant that is not expecting to see much

web traffic, an average personal computer may be appropriate.

Once the site starts generating more hits, though, it will likely be necessary to upgrade to a

dedicated host to ensure proper performance. The exact cut-offs will need to be determined

through a more thorough stress testing of the system.

2.3 E-R Diagram / Data-Flow Diagram (DFD)

* Point 2.1 includes the literature survey done.

An entity–relationship model describes inter-related things of interest in a specific domain of

knowledge. An ER model is composed of entity types and specifies relationships that can
exist between instances of those entity types.

This ER Diagram gives a brief idea about the relations existing between the tables and
tells about the primary and the foreign keys being used in this Database.
 Chapter 03: IMPLEMENTATION

3.1 Date Set Used in the Minor Project

Database and database technology has a major impact on the growing use of computers. It is

fair to say that databases play a critical role in almost all areas where computers are used,

including business, electronic commerce, engineering, medicine, genetics, law, education,

and library science.

The word database is so commonly used that we must begin by defining what the database

is. Our initial definition is quite general. A database is a collection of related data. By data,

we mean known facts that can be recorded and that have implicit meaning. For example,

consider the names, telephone numbers, and addresses of the people you know. You may

have recorded this data in an indexed address book or you may have stored it on a hard drive,

using personal computers and software such as Microsoft excel. This collection of related

data with an implicit meaning is a database.

The preceding definition of a database is quite general, for example, we may consider the

collection of words that make up this page of text to be related data and hence to constitute a

database. However, the common use of the term database is usually more restricted. A

database has the following properties: A database represents some aspect of the real world,

sometimes called the mini world or the universe of discourse. The changes to the mini world

are reflected in the database. A database is a logically coherent collection of data with some

inherent meaning. A random assortment of data cannot correctly be referred to as a database.

A database is designed, built and populated with data for a specific purpose. It has an

intended group of users and some preconceived applications in which these users are

interested. In other words, a database has some source from which data is derived, some

degree of interaction with events in the real world, and an audience that is actively interested
in its contents. The end-users of the database may perform business transactions (for

example a

customer buys a camera) or events may happen that may cause the information in the

database to change. In order for a database to be accurate and reliable at all times, it must be

a true reflection of the mini world that it represents; therefore changes must be reflected in

the database as soon as possible .A database can be of any size and complexity. A database

may be generated and maintained manually or computerized. For example, a library card

catalog is a database that may be created and maintained manually. A computerized database

may be created and maintained either by a group of application programs written specifically

for that task or by a

database management system. A database is a collection of data, typically describing the

activities of one or more related organizations. For example, a university database might

contain information about the following

Entities such as students, faculty, courses, and classrooms.

Relationships between entities, such as student’s enrolment in courses, faculty teaching

courses, and the use of rooms for courses.

3.2 Date Set Features

3.2.1 Types of Data Set

The Three-Schema Architecture

The goal of the three-schema architecture illustrated in the figure is to separate the user

application from the physical database. In this architecture, schemas can be defined at the

following three levels:

● The internal level has an internal schema, which describes the physical storage structure of

the database. The internal schema uses a physical data model and describes the complete

details of data storage and access paths for the database.

● The conceptual level has a conceptual schema, which describes the structure of the whole

database for a community of users. The conceptual schema hides the details of physical

storage structures and concentrates on describing entities, data types, relationships, user

operations, and constraints. Usually, a representational data model is used to describe the

conceptual schema when a database system is implemented. This implementation conceptual

schema is often based on a conceptual schema design in a high-level data model.

● The external or view level includes a number of external schemas or user views. Each

external schema describes the part of a database that a particular user group is interested in

and hides the rest of the database from that user group. As in the previous level, each

external schema is typically implemented using a representational data model, possibly based

on external schema design in a high level data model.

3.2.2 Number of Attributes, fields, description of the data set

3.3 Design of Problem Statement

Generally, railway reservation systems will not give any result whenever the user searches train
between any two station which do not have any direct trains between them, and hence user will
have no clue for how to reach the destination.
However, we have overcome this problem. Our system on these types of searches will give a path
from source to destination which are connected by some railway routes on which the user can
search trains for reaching the destination.

3.4 Algorithm / Pseudo code of the Project Problem

This result is based on well famous Dijkstra’s Algorithm.

Dijkstra's algorithm allows us to find the shortest path between any two vertices of a graph.

It differs from the minimum spanning tree because the shortest distance between two vertices
might not include all the vertices of the graph
2.5 Flow graph of the Minor Project Problem

Dijkstra's Algorithm works on the basis that any subpath B -> D of the shortest path A ->

D between vertices A and D is also the shortest path between vertices B and D.

Djikstra used this property in the opposite direction i.e we overestimate the distance of
each vertex from the starting vertex. Then we visit each node and its neighbors to find
the shortest subpath to those neighbors.

The algorithm uses a greedy approach in the sense that we find the next best solution
hoping that the end result is the best solution for the whole problem.

3.6 Screen shots of the various stages of the Project

1.Home Page
2. Find Train Page
3. Reservation Page

4. Tickets Page

5. Sign-Up Page
6. Login and Profile Page

7. Edit Profile and Change Password Page

 Chapter 04: RESULTS

4.1 Discussion on the Results Achieved

Generally, railway reservation systems will not give any result whenever the user searches train
between any two station which do not have any direct trains between them, and hence user will
have no clue for how to reach the destination.
However, we have overcome this problem. Our system on these types of searches will give a path
from source to destination which are connected by some railway routes on which the user can
search trains for reaching the destination.
4.2 Application of the Minor Project

The Main purpose of the project is to let the end users or passengers to know the shortest path to reach the

destination with in short period and with amount as minimum as possible and as early as possible when

more than one Railways route is to there to reach the destination.

4.3 Limitation of the Minor Project

The anticipated time frame for us was not enough for us but we tried to design a realistic schedule in order

to complete the study in time.

Our study met the problem of inadequate founds for the research in terms of expenses such as transport,

internet, printing. However, we tried to borrow from friends, relatives to accomplish the study

4.4 Future Work

● We can even further make it private and secured by implementing Log-

in IDs and encrypting them with passwords.

● We can give away this software for more number of people and

organizations to conduct a Beta Testing and based upon the results we

can just make those changes and be assured of the application

developed.

● We can make it more space and resource efficient so that this

application consumes lesser RAM and ROM and battery power (if

available).
 References

[1] https://github.com/anshjaiswal31/Railway-Route-Optimization-System
[2] http://php.net/
[3] https://www.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP
[4] https://www.w3shools.com