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English
Romanticism
viandante su mare di nebbia
this person is very important

nobile/king/kingdom

he owns everything (nature) —> he

rules it/he admires it

conquering new land

nature is moving/more abstract

(open to your imagination)/ever
wider/vastness

cold color (wet/humid/morning)

mood

lonely

lost/blank

void/empty

English 1
 sad

fierce

Romanticism
Is a movement to the context/visual arts/music/literature
(789-1832) start with french revolution, the industrial revolution, American
revolution and ideological/artist revolution
vogliono recuperare la natura che stanno perdendo con l’industrializzazione
grazie all’arte e la letteratura
out of this revolution comes:

freedom

nationalism

individualism

negative effects of industrial revolution:

people&children were exploited
the nature was changing and it was disappearing

the machines changed the work of human beings substituting them

life pace (ritmo di vita) was getting faster

the evolution of the press gave the chance to publish more books (positive)

Descartes: “cogito, ergo sum” (i think, therefore i exist)

Rousseau: “exister, pour nous, c’est sentir”

I wandered lonely as a cloud

English 2
 -William Wordsworth
Traduzione:

I wandered lonely as a cloud Vagavo solitario come una nuvola

That floats on high o'er vales and hills, che galleggia in alto sopra valli e
When all at once I saw a crowd, colline,
A host, of golden daffodils; Quando all'improvviso vidi una folla,
Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Una schiera di narcisi dorati;
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Accanto al lago, sotto gli alberi,
Continuous as the stars that shine Svolazzanti e danzanti nella brezza.
And twinkle on the milky way, Continuo come le stelle che brillano
They stretched in never-ending line E scintillano sulla Via Lattea,
Along the margin of a bay: Si allungavano in una fila infinita
Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Lungo il margine di una baia:
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. Diecimila ho visto in un colpo d'occhio,
The waves beside them danced; but Scuotendo la testa in una danza
they allegra.
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: Le onde accanto a loro danzavano; ma
A poet could not but be gay, loro
In such a jocund company: Superarono in gioia le onde scintillanti:
I gazed—and gazed—but little thought Un poeta non poteva che essere gay,
What wealth the show to me had In una compagnia così gioconda:
brought: Guardavo - e guardavo - ma non
For oft, when on my couch I lie pensavo molto
In vacant or in pensive mood, Quale ricchezza mi aveva portato lo
They flash upon that inward eye spettacolo:
Which is the bliss of solitude; Perché spesso, quando sono sdraiato
And then my heart with pleasure fills, sul divano
And dances with the daffodils. In uno stato d'animo vacuo o
pensieroso,
Lampeggiano in quell'occhio interiore
Qual è la beatitudine della solitudine;
E poi il mio cuore si riempie di piacere,
E balla con i narcisi.

English 3
 The lamb
- William Blake

published in 1789 as part of the song of innocence

it is a meditation poem
it addresses an animal that represents god and his
creation
it has a peaceful mood
written after the tyger

Little Lamb, who made Traduzione: Spiegazione:

thee? Piccolo agnello chi ti in the first stanza, the
Dost thou know who fece? Lo sai tu chi ti poet talks about the little
made thee? fece lamb asking “who made
Gave thee life, and bid
ti diede vita e ti invitò a you? Who gave you life?
thee feed nutrirti accanto al Who gave you food?
By the stream and o’er ruscello e sopra il Who gave you a place by
the mead; prato; the river above the
Gave thee clothing of ti diede abiti deliziosi, meadow? Who gave you
delight, i più morbidi abiti di soft clothes, smooth and
Softest clothing, woolly, lana brillante; clean light? Who gave
bright;
ti diede una you a soft voice that the
Gave thee such a tender voce così tenera, che valley al rejoiced?"
voice,
fa gioire tutte le valli! Does it refer to the
Making all the vales Piccolo agnello chi ti lamb's mother or to God
rejoice! fece? Tu sai chi ti himself? What do you
Little Lamb, who made fece? think?
thee?

English 4
 Dost thou know who
made thee?

Little Lamb, I’ll tell thee, Piccolo agnello, te lo in the second stanza, the
Little Lamb, I’ll tell thee: dirò, Piccolo agnello, poet said that he would
He is called by thy name, te lo dirò! tell the lamb about who
For He calls Himself a Egli viene chiamato col made him. The poet said
Lamb. tuo nome, poiché that the one who made
He is meek, and He is chiama se stesso him is the same as him.
mild; Agnello: “The one who made you
He became a little child. è docile e mite; is gentle and delicate”,
I a child, and thou a divenne un piccolo he says. “He became a
lamb, bambino: little child, just like he
We are called by His oi un bambino e tu un did. You are a lamb and
name. agnello, siamo God bless the little lamb
Little Lamb, God bless chiamati col suo nome. and its
thee! Piccolo agnello, Dio ti innocence."
Little Lamb, God bless benedica! Piccolo
thee! agnello, Dio ti

- benedica!

lamb and Jesus are exploited? (sfruttamento)

agnello è innocente, ciò vuol dire che qualcuno sicuramente è colpevole. visto che
è innocente viene sfruttato fisicamente (lana etc…). Gesù non è altro che la
rappresentazione di dio che diventa uomo per far vedere la grandezza di dio.
viene sulla terra solo per essere sacrificato

The meaning of this poem is that the one who

creates living things in this world is God, so is this lamb, created by hmi .
Also, the author wants us to reflect on the innocence of creatures like lamb that
have to sacrifice themselves for
others.
Here there is both a reference to Jesus and to industrial society that is based on

English 5
 exploitation.
nI which way is this presented ni the poem? Can the lamb and Jesus be
considered exploited?

-
2 stanzas
10 lines
5 verses/lines each stanza of seven-syllables
nurse rhyme: aabbccddaa aaefggfeaa (rhyming couplets)

poeta e artista
-

The tyger
-William Blake

published in 1794 as part of the song of experience

The Tyger si the symbol of Gods' power in creation, ti
can be related ot Satan or devil, (Tarihoran, 2016). The
"Tyger" is considered to be the most famous and the
greatest song among "Songs of Experience". It is a
symbolic poem; it refers to the fearful power of
worldly experience, (Hussain, 2005).
Which is the mood?

-
Tyger! Tyger! Burning Traduzione: Spiegazione:
bright Tigre, tigre, che ardi in the first stanza, the
In the forests of the
brillante nella foresta poet says that the
night: della notte, shining tiger burns
What immortal hand or quale mano o occhio brightly in the forest at
eye night. nI addition, the

English 6
 Could frame thy fearful immortale formò la tua poet is wondering about
symmetry? spaventosa simmetria? what kind of hands or
eyes are capable of
creating
something that has such
a peculiar feature.

In what distant deeps or In quali distanti abissi o I the second stanza, the
skies cieli bruciò il fuoco dei poet asks how deep or
Burnt the fire of thine tuoi occhi? far the fire burns or
eyes? Su quali ali osa burns in the tiger's eyes.
On what wings dare he aspirare a qualcosa? The poet again asks
aspire? Quale mano osa what wings the
What the hand dare carpire il fuoco? tiger is afraid of and
seize the fire? whose hands dare to put
out the fire.

And what shoulder, and E quale spalla e quale in the third stanza, the
what art, arte poet asks about the
Could twist the sinews of riuscì aggrovigliare i shoulder and the relative
thy heart? tendini del tuo cuore? skill that could create the
And when thy heart Equando il tuo cuore incredible tiger's heart.
began to beat, iniziò a battere, quale He
What dread hand? And terribile mano e quali then wonders about the
what dread feet? terribili piedi? hands and feet capable
of turning such a heart
on.
nI these rhetorical
questions we can see
that the author is
presenting the greatness
of the person that was
able to fulfil
such a masterpiece.

English 7
 What the hammer? What Quale martello? Quale in the fourth stanza, the
the chain? catena? poet keeps on using the
In what furnace was thy In quale fornace fu il same literary device
brain? tuo cervello? using a new metaphor.
What the anvil? What Quale incudine? Since he uses the fire
dread grasp Quale terribile presa to talk about the tiger's
Dare its deadly terrors osa afferrare i suoi essence,
clasp? terrori mortali? a hammer, a furnace and
a anvil are needed to
shape its body

When the stars threw Quando le stelle in the fifth stanza, the
down their spears, gettarono le loro lance poet describes that the
And water’d heaven with e inondarono il cielo stars threw down their
their tears: con le proprie lacrime, spears and watered the
Did He smile His work to sorrise Dio nel vedere heavens with their tears,
see? il proprio lavoro? and the
Did He who made the Fu colui che fece poet asks fi God was
Lamb make thee? l'agnello a fare anche pleased to see his
te? creation. Can stars can
be considered a
metaphor?
Then, the poet wants to
create a connection
between these two
poems asking, with a
rhetorical question, fi the
same
person able to create the
lamb, was able to create
the tiger as well.

Tyger! Tyger! Burning Tigre, tigre, che ardi in the sixth stanza, the
bright brillante poet repeats the
In the forests of the nella foresta conversation about the
night: della tiger shining ni the

English 8
 What immortal hand or notte, quale mano o middle of the forest and
eye occhio immortale asks about the
Dare frame thy fearful osò dar forma alla tua immortal hands and eyes
symmetry? spaventosa simmetria? that dare to create the
tiger. It seems that the
greatness of this
creatures let the poet
doubt about the
possibility of creating
such a creature,
but after seeing the
evidence,
he again asks if only God
can create the beast,
yet, as we know, it is not
a question but a way to
praise God.

This poem presents the questions that arise ni the human mind about God's
creation. Yet, this time the poem focuses on wilderness and beauty.
One of the meanings of this poem could be that that we should continue to seek
answers to the big questions of life, and we should not stop wondering about what
makes us wander.
-
nurse rhyme: aabbccdd… (rhyming couplets)
6 stanzas
24 lines
each stanza has 4 lines/verses
4 verses of seven-syllables
-

Childhood God and Creation

nI these poems there are references to both Blake refers to God, talking about his
childhood and the natural world. These are creatures to
intended to be universal themes, celebrate his greatness, through the wander

English 9
 to be understood and sung by everyone, he expresses his
that's why greatness. Indeed describing both the
these two poems are nursery rhymes. lamb and the tiger, we can se the hand that
has created them and its mastery.

Imagery An opposite simmetry

Blake's poem si ful of imagery, also because

he These two poems belong to two different
was an engraver, and he realized incredible collections and are presenting different
illustrations of his poems and of other artists’ faces of the same greatness of God.
work of art. Guess who?

poetry words:
stanzas= strofe

lines= versi

rhythm= ritmo

rhyme= rima

repetition= ripetizione

rhyme scheme= schema metrico: rhyming couplets(aabbccdd…), rhyming

alternate (ababcdcd…)

alliteration= allitterazione

onomatopoetia= onomatopea (quando si usa una parola per riprodurre un suono:

bang, splash…)

imagery= immaginario

structure and form:

English 10
 form= a poem’s shape

stanzas= a group lines in a poem

lines= the main unit in a poem

conventional/traditional form= fixed

rules

free verse= open form

irregular/open forms

graphical elements= help convey

meaning
sound device= ogni sillaba ha una sua
accentuazione e da il ritmo alla poesia
personification= description of an
object, an animal, a place, or an idea
as if it were human or had human
qualities

English 11