Lesson 5.

5
Name
Prime and Composite Numbers Operations and Algebraic
Essential Question How can you tell whether a number is prime Thinking—4.OA.B.4
or composite? MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES
MP4, MP6, MP7
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Unlock the
the Problem
Problem
Students are arranging square tables to make one larger,
rectangular table. The students want to have several ways • What are the factors of 12?
to arrange the tables. Should they use 12 or 13 tables?

Use a grid to show all the possible arrangements

of 12 and 13 tables.

Draw all of the possible arrangements of 12 tables and

13 tables. Label each drawing with the factors modeled.

The same factors in a different

1 ⫻ 12 order should be counted only
once. For example, 3 × 4 and
4 × 3 are the same factor pair.

Math MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES 6

Talk
Make Connections Explain
So, there are more ways to arrange _ tables. how knowing whether
12 and 13 are prime or
composite could have
helped you solve the
• A prime number is a whole number greater than 1 that has problem above.
exactly two factors, 1 and itself.

• A composite number is a whole number greater than 1 that

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has more than two factors.

Factors of 12: _ , _ , _ , _ , _ , _

Factors of 13: _ , _

12 is a __ number, and 13 is a __ number.

Chapter 5 305
 Divisibility You can use divisibility rules to help tell whether
a number is prime or composite. If a number is divisible by any
number other than 1 and itself, then the number is composite.

Tell whether 51 is prime or composite.

Is 51 divisible by 2?

The number 1 is neither

prime nor composite, since
Is 51 divisible by 3?
it has only one factor: 1.

Think: 51 is divisible by a number other than 1 and 51.

51 has more than two factors.

So, 51 is ___ .

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1. Use the grid to model the factors of 18. Tell whether 18 is prime or composite.

Factors of 18: _ , _ , _ , _ , _ , _ Math MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES 7

Talk
Think: 18 has more than two factors. Look for Structure Is
the product of two
So, 18 is ___ . prime numbers prime or
Tell whether the number is prime or composite. composite? Explain.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

2. 11 3. 73 4. 69 5. 42
Think: Does 11 have
other factors besides
1 and itself?

306
 Name

On
On Your
Your Own
Own
Tell whether the number is prime or composite.

6. 18 7. 49 8. 29 9. 64

10. 33 11. 89 12. 52 13. 76

Write true or false for each statement. Explain or give an example

to support your answer.

DEEPER SMARTER
14. Only odd numbers 15. A composite
are prime numbers. number cannot have three factors.

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17. Name a 2-digit odd number that is
16. DEEPER I am a number between 60 and
prime. Name a 2-digit odd number that is
100. My ones digit is two less than my tens
composite.
digit. I am a prime number. What number
am I?
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18. SMARTER Choose the words that correctly complete the sentence.

prime exactly
The number 9 is because it has two factors.
composite more than

Chapter 5 • Lesson 5 307

 The Sieve of Eratosthenes
Eratosthenes was a Greek mathematician who lived more than
2,200 years ago. He invented a method of finding prime numbers,
which is now called the Sieve of Eratosthenes.

19. Follow the steps below to circle all prime numbers

less than 100. Then list the prime numbers.

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4

Cross out 1, since 1 is Circle 2, since it is Circle the next Repeat Step 3 until
not prime prime. Cross out all number that is not every number is either
other multiples of 2. crossed out. This circled or crossed out.
number is prime. Cross
out all the multiples
of this number.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 So, the prime numbers less

than 100 are
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
WRITE Math
t Show Your Work
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

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51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

MATHEMATICAL
20. PRACTICE 6
Explain why the multiples of any number other
than 1 are not prime numbers.

308
 Practice and Homework
Name
Lesson 5.5
Prime and Composite Numbers
COMMON CORE STANDARD—4.OA.B.4
Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.

Tell whether the number is prime or composite.

1. 47 2. 68 3. 52
Think: Does 47 have other
factors besides 1 and itself?

prime
____ ____ ____

4. 63 5. 75 6. 31

____ ____ ____

7. 77 8. 59 9. 87

____ ____ ____

Problem
Problem Solving
Solving

10. Kai wrote the number 85 on the board. 11. Lisa says that 43 is a 2-digit odd number that
Is 85 prime or composite? Explain. is composite. Is she correct? Explain.
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12. WRITE Math Describe how to decide if 94 is a prime number

or composite number.

Chapter 5 309
Lesson Check (4.OA.B.4)
1. Is the number 5 prime, composite, 2. Is the number 1 prime, composite,
or neither? or neither?

Spiral Review (4.OA.A.3, 4.NBT.A.2, 4.NBT.A.3, 4.NBT.B.6)

3. A recipe for a vegetable dish contains a 4. A store clerk has 45 shirts to pack in boxes.
total of 924 calories. The dish serves Each box holds 6 shirts. What is the
6 people. How many calories are in fewest boxes the clerk will need to pack
each serving? all the shirts?

5. A total of 152,909 people visited a national 6. What is the word form of the
park during one weekend. What is this number 602,107?
number rounded to the nearest
hundred thousand?
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