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Unit 2

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18 views

Unit 2

................

Uploaded by

cyrilsmathscomputerdept
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ribbon Cables

Ribbon cables are flat, insulated and consist of several tiny wires moulded
together that carry data to different components on the motherboard. There is a wire
for each bit of the word or byte and additional wires to coordinate the activity of
moving information. They also connect the floppy drives, disk drives and CD-ROM
drives to the connectors in the motherboard. Nowadays, Serial Advanced Technology
Attachment (SATA) cables have replaced the ribbon cables to connect the drives to the
motherboard.

Ports and Interfaces


A port is a physical docking point using which an external device can be
connected to the computer. It can also be programmatic docking point through which
information flows from a program to the computer or over the Internet. A port has the
following characteristics

o External devices are connected to a computer using cables and ports.


o Ports are slots on the motherboard into which a cable of external device is
plugged in.
o Examples of external devices attached via ports are the mouse, keyboard,
monitor, microphone, speakers, etc.

Motherboard has a certain number of I/O sockets that are connected to the
ports and interfaces found on the rear side of a computer. You can connect external
devices to the ports and interfaces, which get connected to the computer’s
motherboard.
▪ Serial Port— to connect old peripherals.

▪ Parallel Port— to connect old printers.

▪ USB Ports—to connect newer peripherals like cameras, scanners and printers
to the computer. It uses a thin wire to connect to the devices, and many devices
can share that wire simultaneously.
▪ Firewire is another bus, used today mostly for video cameras and external hard
drives.
▪ RJ45 connector (called LAN or Ethernet port) is used to connect the computer
to a network. It corresponds to a network card integrated into the motherboard.
▪ VGA connector for connecting a monitor. This connector interfaces with the
built-in graphics card.
▪ Audio plugs (line-in, line-out and microphone), for connecting sound speakers
and the microphone. This connector interfaces with the built-in sound card.
▪ PS/2 port to connect mouse and keyboard into PC.
▪ SCSI port for connecting the hard disk drives and network connectors.

Expansion Cards

Expansion cards are circuit boards that can be inserted into the motherboard’s
expansion slots to add extra functionality. Common types include:

o Graphics Cards (GPU): Enhances video output.

o Sound Cards: Provides improved audio processing.

o Network Cards: Adds networking capabilities like Wi-Fi or extra


Ethernet ports.
Expansion slots are used to install various devices in the computer to expand
its capabilities and performance. Some expansion devices that can be installed in these
slots include video card, network card, sound card, and disk interface cards.

The expansion slots have further three types which are using today and that slots
are:

➢ PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) slots are usually 32 bits slots, 3 inches
long that are mostly in white color. These slots are used for handing the
Network card, SCSI, sound card, video card.
➢ AGP (Accelerated Graphic Port) slots are used for handling the video graphics
card and they are mostly in brown color and they are slightly shorter than the
PCI slots.
➢ PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Expense) slots are the modern and
usually faster than PCI and AGP and are mostly used today for Video card,
modem, sound card, network card. These are found in different sizes.

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