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Summary Killing: A Violation Against Human Rights
I. Introduction
Throughout history, the death penalty has been influenced by religious

beliefs, cultural practices, and legal systems. Moreover, the rationale for
using the death penalty has evolved over time, from serving as a form of
retribution and deterrence to more contemporary arguments focusing on its
effectiveness, ethics, and potential for irreversible error in justice systems. In
the Philippines Extrajudicial killing is mostly utilized against narcoproducents,
narcotraffickers, and narcodealers in the Philippines. Over 7,000 individuals
have been executed by Philippine National Police officers and unidentifiable
“vigilantes” since President Rodrigo Duterte’s inauguration and his call for a
“war on drugs.” This drug war paved the path for police officers and
unnamed “vigilantes” giving them license to kill (Cruz, 2020). Summary
Killing is defined by law as deliberate killing a person without undergoing any
fair trial or legal process, this could lead to risk of executing innocent people:
There’s always a risk of wrongful convictions, leading to the irreversible
execution of innocent individuals. The death penalty is not the perfect
deterrent against crime. Instead, it is a violation of human rights, such as the
right to life, liberty, and freedom from torture and inhumane torment. This
barbaric punishment cause a wreaking havoc on the lives of many Filipinos. It
is quite clear that this act infringes explicitly the obligation of the state to
protect the right to life of its citizens and truly serves as a deterrent to
violent crimes or if it perpetuates a cycle of violence. The goal of this
position paper is to discuss the impact of summary executions on human
rights violations and to emphasize that even the most heinous criminals
have inherent human rights.
II. Counter Argument
Debates surrounding the death penalty are very complex and multifaceted.
Several arguments in favor of implementing the death penalty come from
various sectors, including some members of the public, law enforcement,
and certain political groups. Some believe that the threat of execution acts
as a deterrent against committing serious crimes. They argue that the fear of
facing the death penalty might prevent individuals from engaging heinous
acts. In addition, advocates argue that the death penalty serves as a form of
justice for victims and their families. They believe it provides closure and a
sense of retribution for the severe crimes committed. On the other hand,
political groups or individuals use support for the death penalty as part of
their platform, aligning themselves with tough-on-crime policies or seeking
to appear strong on law and order. These perspectives often drive support for
the death penalty among certain segments of society or within specific
sectors. As a social work student, I strongly disagree about the counterclaim
about death penalty. This cruel punishment is unjust. For the reason, that the
offenders do not have a stand to defend themselves and the crucial part is it
violates the human rights of the convicted.
III. Argument
In the Social Work Profession, helping individuals especially including those

who have been involved in criminal activities, they provide support, and
resources to facilitate their reintegration into society. The aim is to address
underlying issues, promote accountability, and assist in their journey towards
positive change and reformation. Below are the following evidence that may
support, based on the Social Work Perspective include:
Inherent Worth and Dignity of the Person – This belief is associated with
democratic theory, which views man as having worth, because he is capable
of reason, of rational analysis, and choice (National Association of Social
Workers 2021). Social workers treat each person in a caring and respectful
and mindful of individual differences and cultural and ethnic diversity.
Human Rights – Social Work promote human rights especially the

marginalized and oppress one. It implies individual every individual has
inherent basic human rights; to live, freedom,and protection from cruel and
inhumane torture (United Nations, 1948). It indicates that the perpetrator
has the right to defend himself against the problem at hand.
IV. Conclusion
In conclusion, death penalty is not the best option to reduce against crimes,
but it is act of violence against basic human rights, this unlawful action only
cause a wreaking chaos and oppression on the lives of the Filipino.The
finality of an execution renders any chance of rectifying wrongful convictions
obsolete. In a system susceptible to errors and influenced by biases of
various forms, the irreversible nature of the death penalty means that even a
single miscarriage of justice results in an irreparable loss of life an outright
affront to the inherent right to life enshrined in human rights principles.
Moreover, its implementation raises profound concerns about the fairness
and impartiality of legal systems. The death penalty’s disproportionate
impact on marginalized groups amplifies societal inequalities, undermining
the premise of equal justice for all. Raising awareness about the ethical,
moral, and social implications of the death penalty through education and
advocacy could help to abolish the death penalty. Such as the Anti-Drug
Awareness Campaign and the Anti-Death Penalty Campaign. This approach
considers legal, societal, and moral dimensions, with the goal of creating a
justice system that prioritizes rehabilitation, fairness, and human life
preservation.
V. References
Cruz, M. (2020) Perception of the Community towards Issues on Extrajudicial

Killings in the Philippines. https://www.scirp.org
National Association of Social Workers (2021). Code of Ethics.

https://www.socialworkers.org
United Nations General Assembly (1948). The Universal Declaration of

Human Rights. Article 5. https://www.un.org/

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Summary Killing: A Violation Against Human Rights

Throughout history, the death penalty has been influenced by religious

II. Counter Argument

In the Social Work Profession, helping individuals especially including those

Human Rights – Social Work promote human rights especially the

Cruz, M. (2020) Perception of the Community towards Issues on Extrajudicial

National Association of Social Workers (2021). Code of Ethics.

United Nations General Assembly (1948). The Universal Declaration of

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